Providing Strong Organizational Guarantee for Building a Socialist Modern Country in an All-round Way —— A Summary of the Party’s Organizational Achievements in the New Era

  The key to China’s success lies in the Party. The strength of the party comes from the organization.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader, standing at the height that the key lies in the Party and the key lies in people, has planned, deployed and promoted the Party’s organizational work in the new great project of Party building in the new era, put forward a series of new ideas, new ideas and new strategies, worked out a layout for the Party’s construction and organizational work, and vigorously promoted the Party’s organizational construction.

  Organizational work thoroughly implements the general requirements for Party building in the new era and the Party’s organizational line in the new era, adheres to the Party’s overall leadership and strictly manages the Party in an all-round way, focuses on the main business, highlights the problem orientation, strengthens the responsibility, and promotes the work of arming the theory, selecting talents and appointing talents, strengthening the foundation, and cultivating talents to achieve new progress and new results, thus providing a strong organizational guarantee for the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the Party and the country.

  Guided by scientific theory, organizational work has been fundamentally followed.

  Organizational work takes the party’s banner as the banner and the party’s direction as the direction, and the party’s scientific theory is fundamentally followed.

  "The key to a great struggle with many new historical features lies in the Party and people". In June 2013, the National Organizational Work Conference was held, and the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward a new standard of good cadres in the new era of "firm belief, serving the people, being diligent and pragmatic, daring to take responsibility, being honest and clean".

  In October 2017, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the general requirements for party building in the new era in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and made top-level design and strategic deployment for promoting the new great project of party building: "Adhere to and strengthen the overall leadership of the party, adhere to the party’s management of the party, strictly manage the party in an all-round way, take strengthening the party’s long-term ruling ability, advanced nature and purity as the main line, take the party’s political construction as the guide, and take firm ideals and beliefs as the foundation. Focusing on mobilizing the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of the whole party, we will comprehensively promote the party’s political construction, ideological construction, organizational construction, work style construction and discipline construction, run through the system construction, deepen the anti-corruption struggle, continuously improve the quality of party building, and build the party into a Marxist ruling party that is always at the forefront of the times, wholeheartedly supported by the people, brave in self-revolution, able to withstand all kinds of storms and tests. "

  In July 2018, the National Organizational Work Conference was held. On the basis of summing up historical experience, especially the successful experience of strictly administering the Party in an all-round way since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly put forward the Party’s organizational line in the new era and made a scientific summary: "Fully implement Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, focus on the construction of organizational system, focus on cultivating high-quality cadres who are loyal and clean, focus on gathering outstanding talents in all aspects of patriotic dedication, adhere to both ability and political integrity, put morality first, and appoint people on their merits, in order to uphold and strengthen the Party.

  This series of important expositions is a pioneering contribution to the Marxist theory of party building, which clarifies the "program" and "foundation" for the party’s construction and organization work and becomes the fundamental policy and criterion for doing a good job in the organization work in the new era.

  On the eve of "July 1st" in 2020, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held the 21st collective study on "in-depth study, understanding and implementation of the Party’s organizational line in the new era". General Secretary of the Supreme Leader elaborated on the great significance of implementing the Party’s organizational line in the new era, further clarified that we should uphold and improve the Party’s leadership, uphold and develop Socialism with Chinese characteristics, arm the whole Party with the Party’s scientific theory, build the Party’s organizational system, build the ruling backbone and talent team, and build the Party’s organizational system. The "five stresses" clearly demarcate the practical path of the Party’s organizational line in the new era, and provide an action guide for strengthening the Party’s organizational construction in the new era.

  In May, 2021, the first guiding and comprehensive basic law on organizational work was issued in the history of our party: the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Regulations on Organizational Work in the Communist Party of China (CPC), which comprehensively standardized the organizational work of the party and became the basic follow-up for doing well the organizational work of the party in the new era and strengthening the organizational construction of the party.

  At the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader deployed the key tasks of party building from seven aspects around implementing the general requirements of party building in the new era and improving the system of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, and made strategic arrangements for further promoting the new great project of party building in the new era, which endowed the organization with new missions, new tasks and new requirements.

  Thought is the forerunner of action, and theory is the guide of practice.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has made clear the standards of good cadres in the new era, highlighted the requirements of political quality, and established a correct orientation of employing people. Focus on improving organizational strength, strengthen political functions, and improve the organizational system that runs through from top to bottom and performs effectively. Establish a clear orientation to strengthen grass-roots construction and promote all-round progress and perfection of party organizations at all levels. Establish and improve the organizational system with democratic centralism as the core, and formulate and revise the inner-party regulations on organizational construction … …

  After the revolutionary forging of strictly administering the party in an all-round way in the new era, the party’s political leadership, ideological leadership, mass organization and social appeal have been further enhanced, and the party’s political and organizational advantages have been continuously transformed into development momentum and development advantages.

  Concentrate on casting souls and unite the whole party into "a hard piece of steel"

  In the new era, the party’s innovative theoretical armed forces have been continuously strengthened.

  At the learning meeting of the theoretical learning center group, I read the original text to understand the principle, think more and think more, and learn deeply; In the theme education reading class, through group visits, concentrated study, special lectures, exchange speeches, etc., in-depth discussion and integration with practice; In the revolutionary memorial hall and the red former site, we can relive the pledge of joining the Party, renew the red gene, and feel the truth power and practical power of the Party’s innovative theory … …

  At present, the education on the theme of studying and implementing the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era is being carried out in depth throughout the Party. All localities, departments and units attach the utmost importance to strengthening the Party’s innovative theory, and education guides party member and cadres to learn to build their souls, enhance their wisdom, correct their morals and promote their work.

  "The more you learn, the brighter your eyes will be, the more confident your faith will be, and the more energetic you will be." A young cadre of the Central and State Organs Working Committee said.

  The unity and unity of the party is the life and strength of the party. Ideological unity is the deepest, most lasting and most reliable guarantee of the party’s unity and unity.

  To strengthen the party’s organizational construction, it is necessary to "shape" and "cast the soul". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has faced up to the new situation, new tasks and new challenges, and made it the fundamental task of the party’s ideological construction to build a soul with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought, the supreme leader in the new era, and promoted the interlocking and secondary development of centralized education within the party — —

  The party’s mass line education practice activities, the special education of "three strictness and three realities", the study and education of "learning party constitution’s party rules and series of speeches, being a qualified party member", the theme education of "Do not forget your initiative mind, bearing in mind the mission", the study and education of party history, and the study and implementation of the theme education of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the supreme leader & HELIP; …

  Throughout the six times of centralized education within the Party, theoretical study is always the primary task, and every time it is a comprehensive and profound political education, ideological tempering and spiritual baptism.

  Party organizations at all levels take studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era as a compulsory course, and systematically train party member cadres in stages and batches. Focusing on studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, Beijing has set up a monthly study column of the Party branch on the education platform of party member. Jilin opened the theme column of "Keep in mind the entrustment and start a new era of Jilin endeavor" on platforms such as "New Era E Branch"; Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps has set up a TV column of "Party classes begin" and carried out various activities such as "sending party classes" & HELIP; …

  From continuous centralized education within the Party to large-scale study and training for party member, cadres and civil servants … … In their study, party member and cadres have built a solid foundation of faith, supplemented the calcium of spirit, kept the rudder of thought steady, profoundly understood the decisive significance of "two establishment", strengthened "four consciousnesses", strengthened "four self-confidences" and achieved "two maintenance", so that the whole party has always maintained a unified thought, a firm will, coordinated actions and strong combat effectiveness, and United into a "hard steel".

  Constantly optimize the selection and management of cadres and build a team of high-quality cadres who can shoulder the heavy responsibility of national rejuvenation.

  Party cadres are the backbone of the party’s cause. After the political line is determined, cadres are the decisive factor.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out: "One of the most important reasons why our Party can always maintain strong creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness, become the mainstay of the development of revolution, construction and reform, unite and lead the people to overcome all kinds of difficulties and obstacles, and win one victory after another is that it attaches great importance to cultivating cadres who can shoulder heavy responsibilities."

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has started from a great struggle with many new historical characteristics, and put the construction of cadres in a prominent position in managing the party and the country.

  Adhere to the principle that virtue matches its position, only then it matches its position, and select cadres accurately and scientifically — —

  Do a thorough and practical investigation on the political quality of cadres. All localities have refined the basic contents of political loyalty, political determination, political responsibility, political ability and political self-discipline into specific standards and inspection indicators, formulated positive and negative lists, and made efforts to promote the inspection of political quality to be comparable, perceptible and evaluable; Some localities will implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on local work as the key content of political quality inspection, and urge leading bodies and leading cadres to firmly support the "two establishments" and resolutely achieve the "two maintenances".

  Focusing on the needs of grasping the new development stage, implementing the new development concept, building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development, we will conscientiously implement the Regulations on the Appointment of Cadres, and effectively select and use a group of cadres with good professional quality, strong ability to lead modernization, and good at grasping reform, promoting development and ensuring stability.

  Strengthen practical training and inspect and identify cadres in the front line of major tasks and major struggles — —

  It is the best classroom for training cadres to practice true knowledge and grow real talents. Since the new era, organizations at all levels have focused on putting cadres in the front line of reform, development and stability, honing them in difficult and complicated areas, and training them in key positions. Many cadres have honed their will, accumulated experience and increased their talents in practice.

  Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Tibet and other places dispatched cadres to the front line, visited counties and villages with poverty alleviation tasks, and extended the "probe" of understanding cadres to the forefront of the struggle; In the front line of epidemic prevention and control, many party member and cadres went to war retrograde, stuck to their posts and worked hard. Beijing, Liaoning, Zhejiang, Hubei and other places have sent special inspection teams for cadres, focusing on understanding the courage of cadres’ responsibility, the wisdom of scientific prevention and control, the ability to make overall plans and organize implementation, and finding and using cadres with good performance and good reputation in time.

  — — Establish and improve the incentive and protection mechanism for cadres to take responsibility and support the officials.

  In 2018, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the "Opinions on Further Encouraging Cadres to Take on New Roles in the New Era", and the Central Organization Department held a symposium to deploy and promote it; In 2019, the Central Organization Department formulated nine specific measures to further encourage cadres to take responsibility.

  Promote cadres to be able to go up and down, and encourage them to take responsibility. The General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the newly revised "Regulations on Promoting the Promotion and demotion of leading cadres", which clearly showed the yardstick of cadres’ superiority and inferiority, and the criterion of promotion and demotion. Party organizations at all levels, in accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, encouraged cadres to take responsibility, promoted cadres’ promotion and demotion, and created a good atmosphere for entrepreneurs.

  All localities conscientiously implement the "three distinctions" and take a clear-cut stand to support and encourage cadres who dare to take responsibility. Zhejiang issued fault-tolerant and error-correcting opinions, 11 districts and cities comprehensively formulated implementation rules, and provincial units formulated fault-tolerant lists to encourage cadres to dare to try.

  Party organizations at all levels adhere to the principle that the Party is in charge of cadres, adhere to the standards of good cadres in the new era, and constantly improve the "five systems" of cadres’ work, including quality training, knowing people by governors, selecting and appointing cadres, strict management and positive encouragement, which has promoted structural changes and made substantial improvements in cadres’ work, so that cadres can glow with new atmosphere in revolutionary forging and ensure the smooth progress of various undertakings of the party and the country.

  Unswervingly adhere to the strict main tone, and strictly strengthen the management and supervision of cadres.

  "This village transition, every step we see in the eye, polite, open and transparent, the elected secretary of the brain, ability, business, is the masses ‘ On my mind ’ People, I have one hundred support and one hundred rest assured. " A rural grassroots old party member said.

  The change of atmosphere directly affects the success or failure of the change of work. In the last round of the work of changing the village committees nationwide, all localities fully covered the supervision of the change of the village committees, especially strengthened the supervision of the election Committee’s selection, candidate nomination and voting, set up a "high-voltage line" and read the "tightening spell". At the same time, all localities have established a quick check mechanism for changing letters and visits, and the "12380" comprehensive report acceptance platform is open 24 hours a day, checking the report clues one by one and finding that they are investigated together. According to statistics, the number of cases of violation of discipline and law investigated and dealt with in various places decreased by 65.4% compared with the last round of change, and the number of letters and visits received decreased by 62.1%.

  In accordance with the law, discipline and discipline, a clean and tidy transition environment laid the foundation for the smooth handover of the new and old teams, and also unloaded the burden for the new team to go into battle lightly. Continuously strengthening the supervision of the change of atmosphere reflects the guidance and practice of strictly strengthening the supervision of cadre management since the 18 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China.

  Good cadres are elected and managed. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that cadres should have high standards and strict requirements, and the standards should not be lowered to the level of not violating discipline and law.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Party organizations at all levels have insisted on demanding cadres with strict standards, managing cadres with strict measures, restraining cadres with strict discipline, and refreshing official management with the most resolute attitude and decisive measures.

  Manage the "key minority". Incorporate the reporting system of leading cadres’ personal matters into the overall design of strictly administering the party in an all-round way, conduct spot checks and verifications in an all-round way, and gradually expand the proportion of spot checks; Regulating the behavior of spouses, children and their spouses of leading cadres in running enterprises through business has been gradually pushed forward since 2015, and the behavior of spouses, children and their spouses of more than 4,700 leading cadres in running enterprises through business has been regulated nationwide. In 2022, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the Regulations on the Administration of Leading Cadres’ Spouses, Children and Their Spouses in Business-run Enterprises, which further moved forward the supervision barrier, cut off the potential interest transmission chain, prevented the risks of clean government, and promoted the construction of leading cadres’ family style.

  Deepen the supervision and inspection of the selection and employment, and patrol and rectification. Since the 19 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, combined with the central inspection, 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and more than 200 central units have been fully covered to carry out special inspections on selection and employment; Evaluate the selection and employment work of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities and central units every year.

  Carry out special rectification to get rid of the stubborn diseases of cadre selection and appointment and management supervision. Focus on the issue of "naked officials" to carry out special rectification, study and formulate institutional regulations such as the management measures for "naked officials", and clarify the promotion restrictions and post restrictions; Special treatment shall be given to the licenses of leading cadres going abroad for private reasons, and violations shall be dealt with seriously; Aiming at the problems of "revolving door" and "escape resignation" of political and business people in financial institutions in charge of China and illegal arrangements for close relatives to work in this system, we will focus on special rectification … …

  Since the new era, it has gradually become normal to clean up the bureaucracy and strictly manage and supervise cadres, forming a regular, all-round and three-dimensional effective constraint on cadres. Cadres have gradually become accustomed to working under the "spotlight" and "microscope", so as to use power carefully and standardize it, and promote the continuous improvement of the political ecology within the party.

  Strengthen the foundation and promote the all-round progress and perfection of grass-roots party organizations.

  If you want to build a house, treat its foundation first. Grass-roots party organizations are the foundation of all the party’s work and combat effectiveness, which is related to the solid foundation of the party’s ruling building.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Our Party’s grass-roots party organizations and party member ranks are powerful organizational resources that no other political party in the world can have. We will do a good job in grassroots party building, our grassroots party organizations will be unbreakable, our party member team will be indestructible, the party’s ruling position will be rock solid, and the cause of the party and the people will be invincible. "

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, our party has firmly established the concept of system, adhered to the guidance of classification, and done a good job in building grass-roots party organizations in different fields — —

  Grasp the establishment of rules and regulations. Revise the Regulations on the Work of Rural Grassroots Organizations in the Communist Party of China (CPC), the Regulations on the Work of Grassroots Organizations of the Party and State Organs in the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Regulations on the Work of Grassroots Organizations in Colleges and Universities in the Communist Party of China (CPC), and formulate the Regulations on the Work of Grassroots Organizations of State-owned Enterprises in the Communist Party of China (CPC) (for Trial Implementation), the Regulations on the Work of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Branch (for Trial Implementation) and the Regulations on Education Management in members of the Communist Party of China (CPC) & HELIP; … A series of laws and regulations have been promulgated continuously.

  Re-coordinate and promote. The National Conference on Party Building in State-owned Enterprises, the Conference on Party Building in Central and State Organs, the National Symposium on Rural Grassroots Party Building, the Video Conference on Grasping Party Building to Promote Rural Revitalization, the National Video Conference on Urban Grassroots Party Building Leading Grassroots Governance, the Symposium on Party Building in Central Enterprises, and the National Conference on Party Building in Colleges and Universities … … A series of working meetings were held one after another.

  From selecting the best and matching the leaders of the village party organizations, and continuously rectifying the weak and scattered village party organizations, to promoting the development and expansion of the village-level collective economy, deepening the party building and promoting rural revitalization … … The creativity, cohesion and combat effectiveness of rural grass-roots party organizations have been significantly enhanced.

  Community party organizations focus on party building, governance and service responsibility, and their overall coordination function is obviously enhanced; The function of serving the masses has been further improved, and the "last mile" of contacting and serving the masses has been opened; Grass-roots party organizations in various fields promote the integration of various sectors and establish a collaborative mechanism to achieve organizational co-construction, resource sharing, mechanism convergence and function optimization … … The party’s organizational foundation at the grassroots level in the city has been continuously consolidated, and the people’s sense of gain has been continuously improved.

  In the traditional field, all departments and units in various regions promote the deep integration and mutual promotion of party building work and business work; State-owned enterprises will write the requirements of party building work into the company’s articles of association and improve the leadership system of "two-way entry and cross-employment"; Colleges and universities adhere to and improve the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party Committee; Public hospitals implement the responsibility system of the president under the leadership of the party Committee … … The party’s leadership and construction have been continuously strengthened, and the party’s organizational system, institutional system and working mechanism have been further improved.

  In emerging fields, strengthen the party building work of mixed-ownership enterprises and non-public enterprises, focus on the party building work of various parks, commercial buildings, business circle markets and Internet enterprises, and highlight the party building work of social organizations above the provincial level and lawyers, certified public accountants, tax agents, asset appraisal and other industries; Strengthen the party building of new economic organizations, new social organizations and new employment groups, combine the problem of "being" with the problem of "being strong or not", expand the appeal, cohesion and influence of the party in emerging fields, and unite the most active organizations and people in economic and social development around the party.

  When the Party Central Committee gave an order to get rid of poverty and attack the battlefield, the whole party made every effort to fight, forming a vivid situation of "five-level secretaries working together and mobilizing the whole party to attack the battlefield"; On the front line of fighting against the epidemic, Party organizations at all levels acted on orders and built a solid defense line … … Party flag is always flying high at the grassroots level.

  Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, grass-roots party organizations in various fields have built a rock-solid battle fortress, and the Communist Party of party member is becoming a pioneer model for entrepreneurs. The party’s organizational system is more rigorous, the superior strength of Marxist political parties is more prominent, and the party’s leadership is more "like arms and fingers."

  In-depth implementation of the strategy of strengthening the country with talents in the new era, and all-round training of talents.

  "Talent is an important indicator to measure a country’s comprehensive national strength. National development depends on talents, and national rejuvenation depends on talents. We must strengthen our sense of urgency, pay more attention to the independent training of talents, and accelerate the establishment of competitive advantages in human resources. "

  In September 2021, when the century-old Party embarked on a new journey, the first central talent work conference in the new era was held in Beijing. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the conference, making strategic arrangements for accelerating the construction of the world’s important talent center and innovative highland, and pointing out the direction for doing a good job in talent work in the new era and providing fundamental follow-up.

  Great achievements of a thousand years, talents first. Our party has always attached importance to cultivating talents, uniting talents, leading talents and achieving talents, and uniting and supporting talents from all walks of life to make contributions to the cause of the party and the people.

  Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has put talent work in the key position of governing the country. Under the care, personal planning, personal deployment and personal promotion of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the top-level design of China’s talent industry has been continuously improved — —

  The report of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to speed up the establishment of the strategic layout of giving priority to the development of talents and create a large-scale and excellent-quality talent team.

  The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized that talents are the strategic resources to realize national rejuvenation and win the initiative of international competition.

  Report to the 20th CPC National Congress of the Communist Party of China stressed that we must adhere to the principle that "talents are the first resource", implement the strategy of strengthening the country through talents in depth, and adhere to the principle of "talents leading and driving".

  Assess the situation, forward-looking layout, and hold up the dream of strengthening the country with talents in the new era.

  — — Get rid of institutional obstacles and speed up the construction of an internationally competitive talent system.

  In February 2016, the CPC Central Committee issued the first comprehensive document on the reform of the system and mechanism of talent development, Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the System and Mechanism of Talent Development, and made efforts to break down the institutional and institutional obstacles that bound talent development. Subsequently, the relevant departments of the central government and the state, as well as various provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, issued a series of supporting reform policies, and the reform of institutional mechanisms showed a trend of intensive innovation and breakthrough.

  Resolutely get rid of "only papers, only professional titles, only academic qualifications and only awards", improve and perfect the mechanism of talent introduction, training, use, evaluation, mobility and incentive, carry out special treatment of "only hats" and reform the management of scientific research funds … … A series of measures are interlocking, breaking through the institutional and institutional obstacles in the flow, use and function of talents, so that the "dividend" of talents can be continuously released.

  — — Focus on the center, serve the overall situation, and turn talent advantages into development advantages.

  Focus on building the "Belt and Road", the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and the construction of xiong’an new area … … Where the national major strategy is deployed, the talent work will follow up and serve.

  Issue the Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding Talents to Move to Difficult and Remote Areas and Grassroots Areas, organize educational and medical talents to help Tibet and Xinjiang and Qinghai in groups, innovate the way of selecting visiting scholars for doctoral service groups and "Light of the West", and promote talent pairing assistance in the eastern and western regions & HELIP; … Through the mechanism guarantee, we will encourage and guide more outstanding talents to contribute their talents and make contributions to hard and remote areas and grassroots front lines.

  Adhere to "high-end leading and overall development". Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has built 288 innovative and top-notch student training bases in 77 universities to attract outstanding students to join basic disciplines. More than 800 postgraduate training institutions nationwide have sent more than 600,000 doctors and 6.5 million masters to the main battlefield of economic and social development. From party and government talents and enterprise management talents to professional and technical talents, high-skilled talents and rural practical talents … … All kinds of talents resonate with the cause of the party and the state at the same frequency, and the continuous talent advantage is accelerating into an inexhaustible development advantage.

  — — Implement a more active, open and effective talent policy and form an attractive and internationally competitive talent system.

  All localities and departments have increased efforts to attract talents and talents, organized and implemented major talent projects, intensified efforts to attract overseas high-level talents, and formed a pattern of "attracting talents from afar" through various measures such as building industrial platforms and providing quality services.

  At present, the total number of human resources in China has reached 220 million, making it the largest and most complete human resources country in the world. The total number of R&D personnel has increased from 3.25 million person-years in 2012 to more than 6 million person-years in 2022, ranking first in the world for many years; In the global innovation index ranking, it has risen from the 34th in 2012 to the 11th in 2022 … … In the ten years of the new era, the talent team has grown rapidly, the effectiveness of talents has been continuously enhanced, and the comparative advantage of talents has been steadily enhanced, providing strong talent guarantee and intellectual support for the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation.

  In the new era and new journey, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, Party committees and their organizational departments at all levels have thoroughly implemented the general requirements and organizational line of the Party in the new era, implemented and improved the task requirements of comprehensively administering the Party strictly, continuously improved the quality of Party building and organizational work, and provided a strong organizational guarantee for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way.

How about the actual fuel consumption of Pentium T77 test drive?

As a high-performance vehicle independently developed by Pentium, the fuel consumption performance of Pentium T77 is remarkable in the test drive experience:

First of all, it is equipped with a 1.5 T engine, as well as optimized Metro and NetRed versions. These improvements are designed to meet the needs of users and improve vehicle performance. The 1.2T turbocharged direct injection engine provides strong power, the maximum torque reaches 204 Nm, and the power of 105 kW makes it accelerate for 100 kilometers in about 11 seconds, showing excellent performance.

In the new car, Pentium introduced a 2.0-liter in-line 4-cylinder turbocharged engine. This powerful power unit has an output of 255 HP and a torque of 273 lb-ft. Compared with the previous model, the performance has been significantly improved and the power output has reached 241 HP. It is worth mentioning that the two-stage variable displacement oil pump technology independently developed by Pentium has reduced the fuel consumption under working conditions to 6.4L/100km, achieving a significant improvement in fuel efficiency and achieving environmental protection goals.

奔腾T77

As for the core technology of the engine, the electronic control system and in-cylinder direct injection combustion system independently developed by Pentium T77 ensure the perfect combination of fuel and air, which not only breaks the barrier of foreign technology, but also promotes the innovation and breakthrough of independent engine technology. The test drive performance of this model is not only reflected in the performance, but also in the excellent performance of fuel consumption and technology, so that users can enjoy the advantages of high efficiency and energy saving while enjoying driving pleasure.

China’s strongest EV+DMH! Roewe D7 Gemini will be listed soon.

     Recently, the auto market talked about it from relevant channels. Roewe D7 will be officially launched on November 8th, and both pure electric (EV) and plug-in hybrid (DMH) models will be launched simultaneously.

     As a sedan chair with high and medium-grade new energy strength, what is the strength of Roewe D7 and what are its leapfrog values?

    

     Leapfrog value one: comfort

     Aside from the fact that different people have different opinions, the first "killer" of Roewe D7 is comfort.

     Roewe D7 has carefully built the Yunsu intelligent cockpit, which is the best in its class with the widest body, the most advanced intelligent cabin, the best seating space and the most comfortable seats.

    

     Specifically, the Roewe D7 car is 4890mm long and 1890mm(DMH wide (DMH model), all of which are leading in the same class, which not only makes the car body more magnificent, but also brings the best riding space.

     Its front seat cushion is 380mm long, and the rear leg space is 933 mm. With the zero-gravity cloud seat, the comfort is the ultimate.

    

     It’s not enough to have a big body and a large space. Roewe D7 is also equipped with the latest zebra intelligent driving system in the world, and its operating experience is comparable to that of high-end smart phones. It can be said that it is the "most user-aware" in-vehicle system in the current automobile market, which brings native comfort and is equipped with L2-level intelligent driving assistance such as ACC, ICA and AEB lane departure warning, making travel more efficient.

     Leapfrog value 2: reliability

     Nowadays, buying EV models is no longer paying IQ tax, but try not to buy "oil to electricity" models. After all, the problems of poor power, short battery life and low safety of such vehicles are widespread.

     As the first model of Roewe D family, the EV model of Roewe D7 is built on the exclusive platform of SAIC Nebula pure electricity, which is very reliable.

    

     The development concept of Xingyun pure electric platform is "gradient, expandable and iterative upgrade", which can be compatible with software and hardware forward-looking technologies such as high-pressure casting, solid-state batteries, wire-controlled chassis, full-stack electrical architecture and driverless driving, and embodies the highest level of "China Zhizao" in the automobile industry.

    

     Based on the advanced platform strength, Roewe D7 EV has a high-end model "the same model" with five-bar rear drive, VGA six-in-one motor with the highest integration level, more and larger bushings, etc., which has strong power and brings better control experience, making it the most stable pure tram in its class.

     Leapfrog value three: great value

     I have to say that plug-in models are very popular nowadays. Roewe D7, based on the most long-term value of DMH hybrid technology, launched the "China’s strongest hybrid" DMH model that surpassed DM-i, which can meet the needs of different users.

    

     The reason is that the Roewe D7DMH adopts the industry’s first powertrain brain PICU, which realizes the "five-in-one" functions of motor control, engine control, hybrid gearbox control, air conditioning thermal management and battery thermal management, and its dynamic response is twice as fast as that of Qin PLUS DM-I..

    

     Moreover, the Roewe D7DMH model is also blessed by a coaxial P1 motor, a hybrid engine with a thermal efficiency greater than 43%, and a dedicated high-efficiency long-life battery, which makes it have the advantages of long battery life, ultra-low fuel consumption, super quiet and so on, and it is the strongest hybrid in its class.

    

     On the whole, the Gemini combination of Roewe D7 EV and DMH is expected to become the most powerful sedan with medium and high new energy strength in China.

     If you are more pursuing power and control, it is recommended to choose Roewe D7EV model. If you pursue both dynamic performance and economy, it is recommended to choose Roewe D7 DMH.

"Agent Grandpa" is set for 4.1 Andy Lau to sing for Samuel Hung’s birthday


    1905 movie network news On January 7, the Chinese action film held a press conference, and the main creators of Hong Jinbao, Andy Lau, Zhu Yuchen and members of the Seven Xiaofu Yuan Biao, Yuan Hua, Yuan Ting and Yuan Bao attended. On the same day, coinciding with the birthday of director and star Hong Jinbao, Andy Lau and the Seven Xiaofu brothers also sang a birthday song for Hong Jinbao to celebrate his birthday. At the end of the event, the film announced that "My Agent Grandpa" was officially set for release in mainland theaters on April 1, 2016.

"Agent Grandpa "exposure notice is set for April 1, Hong Jinbao: All good plays are for Andy Lau

    In this collaboration, "My Agent Grandpa", Hung Jinbao and Andy Lau are both multiple jobs. The former is the director and star, while the latter also takes on the work of investors and producers in addition to the main character. Hung Jinbao half-jokingly said that Lau Dehua was "tricked" by himself to participate in the film, while Andy also echoed that although he is the boss, he will listen to the words of his eldest brother on the set and behave very well. However, he did not forget to break the story of Hong Jinbao on the set: "He loves to eat on the set every day. Fortunately, I am a vegetarian, otherwise I would be the same size as him now."

    At the press conference, the first trailer of "My Agent Grandpa" was revealed, including fights, chases, jumping off buildings, flying cars and other scenes. Hong Jinbao showed his skills in the film, performing the classic moves of close combat against the villain, knocking more than a dozen enemies to the ground in a row. However, he revealed that although these clips are quite exciting, more good scenes are still on Andy Lau. On the same day, the film also officially announced that "My Agent Grandpa" will be set to land in mainland theaters on April 1, 2016.

Hong Jinbao recalled the brotherhood of Qixiaofu back then, and Andy Lau sang for his birthday Jackie Chan to send blessings

    The day of the press conference coincided with Hong Jinbao’s birthday. Yuan Biao, Yuan Hua, Yuan Bao and Yuan Qiu, members of the Seven Xiaofu, made a special trip to the scene to sing the birthday song with Andy Lau to celebrate the birthday of the eldest brother. This time, several brothers were invited by Hong Jinbao to participate in "My Agent Grandpa". Such a deep brotherhood also made Hua Zai quite envious and emotional: "I also hope to have such a good brother. If [the eldest brothers] need to shoot movies in the future, they will find me, and I will be there."

    Joining forces with the brothers again also evoked memories of Hong Jinbao when he was young. At the scene, he also shared the story of his time with Yuan Hua and others: "At that time, I would always fight with Yuan Hua every New Year’s Eve, because at that time we would get candy in the performance, and everyone would play cards and compete for these pieces of candy to eat. And when I skipped school and hid secretly, Yuan Hua would also bring me food, even if I was beaten by my master, I would not say a word." And the members of Qixiaofu also thanked Hong Jinbao for not forgetting to support his brother in filming. Although Jackie Chan, who is also a member of Qixiaofu Brothers, did not come to the scene that day, he also wished his eldest brother a happy birthday through VCR and acted cute to send a few kisses, which made Hong Jinbao quite happy.

A new pickup truck of the Great Wall with over 220 horsepower is coming? What has the off-road version of the modified gun been upgraded?

In the domestic market, which brand of pickup truck has the highest sales? Great Wall Motor dares to say first, I believe no one dares to say second, and its sales achievements are obvious to all. Its Great Wall Gun has been loved by many consumers. At present, it has three versions, the passenger version and the commercial version have been redesigned, and the news of the off-road version has also been exposed recently. From the current announcement, it has upgraded a lot. Next, let’s talk about it in detail.

The overall shape is still a hard-core style, mainly updating the front face. Judging from the published declaration map, the front face of the off-road version of the new Great Wall Gun looks thicker. It uses a newly designed chrome grille, a new style of light group and a more generous front enclosure. In addition to these, there is a new change in appearance, that is, the rear of the car is replaced with a larger logo, and the taillight group has two styles to choose from. Sunroof, side pedal and front winch are also one of the configuration options.

The interior may be similar to the current car, and the configuration changes are not expected to be great. At present, only the appearance has been declared, but there is no news about the interior. It is highly probable that it is still a combination of traditional instruments and embedded central control panels, and the details may be upgraded. The safety configuration of this car is richer than that of its competitors. The 360-degree panoramic image, automatic parking, uphill assist, steep descent, tire pressure display, adaptive cruise and 8 airbags of the off-road version of the gasoline model currently on sale are all standard.

The body size is larger than the cash, and the rear space is not bad. The size of the whole vehicle is larger than the off-road version of the gun currently on sale, with the length, width and height of 5465/1992/1960mm and the wheelbase of 3350mm respectively. The measurements and wheelbase have been improved, in which the body length has been lengthened by 28mm and the wheelbase has been lengthened by 120 mm. It is slightly larger than the familiar Isuzu D-MAX (body length 5265mm/3125mm).

Engine unchanged, power data increased by 31 horsepower. After the change, the off-road version of the Great Wall Gun still uses a 2.0T gasoline engine, but the maximum power is increased from the current 190 horsepower to 221 horsepower, and the transmission system is expected to match the 8-speed automatic gearbox. The power data is better than the 163 HP 1.9T engine used by D-MAX pickup truck and the 193 HP 2.5L engine used by Navarra.

As for the off-road version of the new Great Wall Gun, at present, we only have some news about the upgrade. To sum up, there are three main points: upgraded appearance, larger size and stronger power. At present, the price of its 2020 off-road gasoline model is 16.98-20.08 million yuan, and the price may be adjusted after the upgrade. Next, we can look forward to its interior and configuration performance, and it is expected that there will be a small upgrade. (The picture is the declaration map+the off-road version of the current Great Wall Gun, and the picture comes from the network)

Yu Chengdong, in a dilemma.

This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Shuzhi front line, Author: You Yong, editor: Zhou Luping, head picture from: vision china.

Yu Chengdong, which has made great contributions to Huawei’s terminal business, has encountered unprecedented challenges in the new energy vehicle business.

First, Ren Zhengfei issued a document on March 31, re-emphasizing that Huawei does not build cars, which is valid for 5 years. This is nothing new, but it emphasizes that "Huawei /HUAWEI" cannot appear in the publicity and appearance of the whole vehicle.

Then Xu Zhijun, the rotating chairman of Huawei, criticized at the financial report meeting that "recently, some departments, individuals and some partners are abusing the Huawei brand. We have been investigating and dealing with it. The brand that Huawei has built for more than 30 years will not be abused at will. Huawei has not built a car or any brand of car."

The speech from the top of Huawei is very targeted. Prior to this, Yu Chengdong has been trying to bind HUAWEI brand to the world of inquiry more deeply, and the stores and posters in the world of inquiry have added the logo of "Huawei", but this cross-border behavior was resolutely stopped by Huawei’s top management.

On the one hand, the terminal business is under downward pressure,Yu Chengdong urgently needs to find new growth points; On the other hand, although there are several business models of Huawei’s car business, the space for Huawei to display is very limited. Yu Chengdong hopes to deeply bind with Huawei to alleviate the current predicament.However, in the face of the firm strategy of the Group, Yu Chengdong, who was full of grievances, began to find himself in a dilemma.

Stopped "HUAWEI asks the world"

On April 1, Wu Shu, a dealer in the western province, received a notice from HUAWEI, demanding that the logo and posters in the store be replaced, and the "Huawei" logo be removed, leaving "the border".

Less than a month ago, Wu Shu just hung up Huawei’s logo. He got the news that Yu Chengdong was going to release the upgraded car of the M5 at the Shanghai Auto Show on April 17th. The main highlight was the advanced autopilot, and Huawei AITO was officially announced to provide confidence to the market.

"At present, no matter from which angle, the overall pressure is quite large. This is the truth." Gu Jiatian, a dealer in the Yangtze River Delta region, told the front line of Digital Intelligence that in addition to cars,The performance of the mobile phone is not very good either.Most of the stores in the world are opened by Huawei’s big distributors. Huawei hopes to solve the survival problem of authorized stores in the case of a sharp decrease in mobile phones. Every time a dealer sells a car, he can earn 6 points.

However, the sales volume in the world is not good now. "Asked the world last year or resource car, sell well, everyone is robbing. Not this year. " Wu Shu said that the sales of smart cars and Huawei mobile phones are now facing tremendous downward pressure. "At this stage, everyone has actually been biting their teeth." In March of this year, the sales of mobile phones and cars in his stores all halved.

Yu jianyue, founder of jianyue EV forecast, analyzed that the product strength of these cars is relatively insufficient.Coupled with the frequent price cuts of rivals, especially Tesla ModelY and Li ONE, it is very uncomfortable for the media at present.

Statistics also confirm this. In February and March, the sales volume of the world has dropped to more than 3,000 units. The front line of digital intelligence learned from an insider of Cyrus that the target set by the consulting community this year is 260,000 units, with an average of more than 20,000 units per month. The reality is far from the target.

"Yu Chengdong is in a hurry and has set high goals, but the market performance of the world is not so good." Gu Jiatian believes that,Yu Chengdong hopes to use Huawei brand to give a shot in the arm and improve consumers’ recognition of the world.

According to Gu Jiatian’s observation, Huawei terminals have actually been exploring step by step, adding Huawei elements to the world. The first batch of boundary M5, the left side of the rear of the car is written by Jin Kang Sailis, and the right side is boundary M 5; The left side of the second batch became Cyrus, and Jin Kang was removed, and the right side was still the boundary M5. In March of this year, I was informed that Celeste was still on the left, and Huawei asked M5 on the right. But this car was not delivered in the end.

But this practice was finally rejected by Ren Zhengfei.Ren Zhengfei’s attitude is still clear, and the whole vehicle will not be tied to the Huawei brand.

"In fact, before you changed, everyone privately called Huawei AITO. Just after getting on Huawei’s bid, give the customer a positive statement. " Wu Shu said that this thing was fine without adding it, but it was not very good to be removed after adding it.

The front line of Digital Intelligence learned from a person familiar with the matter that a few days ago, Huawei’s intranet also released a speech made by Ren Zhengfei in October last year, which talked about several things that Huawei needs to make strategic breakthroughs at present, including digital energy, Huawei Cloud and HarmonyOS Euler, and even talked about Huawei’s mobile phone returning to the king, but it didn’t talk about cars. "He didn’t say anything, which means that this matter is not important at present." The above-mentioned insiders said.

Intelligent selection mode is in a torment period.

As we all know, Huawei’s car business has three modes:One is to provide spare parts for car companies and play the role of Bosch in the era of smart cars; The second is HUAWEI Inside.(HI)Mode, providing HI solutions including HarmonyOS car machine and self-developed on-board computing chip to car companies; The third is the smart car selection mode, which not only helps car companies build cars, but also helps them sell cars. One of the three is more involved than the other.

"In the face of a sanctioned company, it is difficult for car companies in Europe, America and Japan to regard Huawei as the main intelligent supplier, so we can only find domestic car company partners; Li Xiang, a new force car company like Li Bin, has its own pursuit and will not choose us; If traditional car companies are afraid of losing their souls, they will not choose us. " At the 2023 committee of 100 for Electric Vehicles, Yu Chengdong spoke very pertinently about Huawei’s situation in car business. In other words, the first two modes are not easy to walk.

This situation has also been verified. On March 27th, Guangzhou Automobile Group announced that the joint development of Guangzhou Automobile Ai ‘an AH8 project with Huawei changed from joint development to independent development, and the HI model was downgraded to parts model. In fact, Huawei’s HI mode partner is only Aouita of Chang ‘an. And things like Weilai and Ideals are all self-developed in the intelligent level.

Therefore, Yu Chengdong has always been most concerned about smart car selection, which can not only empower car companies, but also activate Huawei’s sales channels.

According to Yu Chengdong, Huawei wants to make the world an eco-brand.That is to say, not only Celeste, but also other smart cars that cooperate with Huawei may appear in the name of the industry. However, there is no clear answer as to who owns the brand or trademark AITO.

However, the cooperation mode of smart car selection also makes some car companies feel less comfortable.

A Cyrus employee said that Huawei did bring advanced management mode and management experience to Cyrus, but its strong style also made Cyrus somewhat dissatisfied. "Huawei requires that we provide all data to Huawei selflessly, and then if we ask Huawei for something, they will say that this is our internal confidential data."

In addition, the above employees revealed that,Huawei’s things are generally more expensive, and as long as the departments related to this thing have to make money,For example, the combination of software and hardware requires a sum of money, hardware also requires a sum of money, and cloud services also require a sum of money. "The cost of Huawei’s whole set of things is very high, and then he will advise car companies to reduce profits."

Therefore, considering the cost, some things of Cyrus are also used by other suppliers. Like motor, ECU(electronic control unit)HiCar uses Huawei more, but Huawei is not used for driving assistance. "We also refuse many things.".

More importantly, the sales volume of the world has been deadlocked recently. Yu Chengdong’s attempt to further bind Smart Car with Huawei brand was also rejected. This adds more variables to Huawei’s smart car selection.

In fact, before the car, Huawei tried the smart selection mode in other categories. The most typical is the smart choice of mobile phones. Since Huawei was suppressed by the United States, 5G chips have not been supplied, and Huawei has also provided 5G mobile phones through smart selection mode.Mainly for operators and Huawei mobile phone contractors to trade.

However, smart mobile phones face more embarrassment than smart cars."Smart mobile phones didn’t sell well last year, and they didn’t sell much this year, with a small proportion." The front line of Digital Intelligence learned from many Huawei dealers that Huawei’s smart mobile phones lacked control before, which led to the channel terminals’ complaints. In Huawei Mall, there are only three or four smart phones, all of which are labeled with 5G, but the sales volume is very limited.

Moreover, merchants can only mention Huawei’s smart selection when they publicize, and they cannot be equated with Huawei. Although these mobile phones are different except for chips, operating systems and logo, others are basically the same as Huawei’s original models. However, Huawei does not allow these smart models to be bundled with Huawei for publicity.

Without Huawei’s blessing, chaotic smart brands have also brought troubles to terminal sales.For example, China Mobile’s Huawei Smart Choice model is Enzhong, TCL’s Thunderbird, Dingqiao’s mobile phone is TD, and Unicom’s is U-Magic. "Who is this product, and the after-sales of the product is a problem." A dealer told the front line that consumers’ recognition of smart phones is very low, and some even bought them back and found that they were not Huawei brands and returned.

This year, Huawei introduced very few smart phones, mainly Hi-nova which cooperated with China Telecom.

Although Huawei pays more attention to and invests in the smart car, it also needs to face the entanglement of this business model. Moreover, compared with the smart mobile phone partners, Huawei faces more independent brands, which also tests their cooperation with Huawei.

In Yu Jianyue’s view, there is not much Huawei can do now: First, after the new car is released at the Shanghai Auto Show, Huawei needs to re-price the M5 and M7.In particular, the M5 extended-range version should continue to reduce the price.In fact, there have been some price reduction actions on the channel side, but they have not been carried out in a big way;Second, it depends on the market performance of pure electric SUVs and pure electric cars that Huawei cooperates with Chery.

"Dealers are also relatively conservative, and it is unlikely that there will be a big outbreak in the short term." Gu Jiatian said that he also lost a lot of money in the world, but he will continue to do it.

Yu Chengdong in a dilemma

The emergency stop of Huawei’s top management made Yu Chengdong rather passive, and also made the outside world see the differences between Huawei’s strategic and executive levels.

Huawei doesn’t want to build a complete vehicle, but wants to do business with more car companies.In Ren Zhengfei’s original words, "Smart car solutions can’t spread a complete front. It is necessary to reduce the research budget and strengthen the business closed loop. R&D should take the road of modularization, focus on several key components to make competitiveness, and the rest can be connected with others."

But the reality is not easy. Huawei’s parts model and HI model have not opened up the situation. "This era has changed, which will only make us more difficult. After a few years, everyone will understand and leave time to test! " Yu Chengdong wrote this sentence on Huawei intranet. So,Yu Chengdong prefers deeper involvement.

In fact, from Yu Chengdong’s perspective, we can better understand that it is not easy to break the game. Huawei’s terminal business has suffered a serious decline in recent years. In 2022, Huawei’s terminal revenue was 214.4 billion yuan, which was the only declining sector within Huawei, accounting for one-third of Huawei’s total revenue. At the peak of 2019, consumer business accounted for more than 50%.

Before the chip is solved, the mobile phone is difficult to get up. Whether it is to save the channel or the terminal business, Yu Chengdong needs to open up new water sources. The car business is highly anticipated by Yu Chengdong. But from the current results, it is not ideal.

Besides,A lot of money is spent, but the income is very limited.Huawei disclosed in its 2022 performance report that since the establishment of BU, a smart car solution, the accumulated investment has reached 3 billion US dollars.(about RMB 20.6 billion)The R&D team has reached the scale of 7000 people. In 2022, Huawei’s R&D expenditure related to the automobile business exceeded 10.3 billion yuan, and the business indirectly involved more than 10,000 people.

Corresponding to the high investment, in 2022, Huawei’s smart car solution business revenue was 2.077 billion yuan, accounting for only 0.3% of Huawei’s total revenue.

Yu Chengdong’s pressure can be imagined. Now every business unit of Huawei has a profit assessment, and the car is the only loss-making business of Huawei at present. An interesting detail is that in the latest 2022 financial report released by Huawei Group, although Yu Chengdong, the CEO of terminal BG, is still the managing director, his name is behind Zhang Pingan, CEO of Huawei Cloud, and Wang Tao, president of enterprise BG. In 2021, Yu Chengdong came before these two men.

"At this time, Yu Chengdong can only find a way to get through when the sales volume is green and yellow." Yu Jianyue said to the front line of intelligence.

In Yu Jianyue’s view, Huawei’s biggest problem is facing US sanctions and problems in the supply chain. Huawei needs to ensure its main business instead of putting too much energy into innovative business. Besides, in this case, even if the automobile business is bigger,It also faces the risk of being sanctioned.

In addition, building a car itself is a very expensive thing, but Huawei is still in the stage of survival."We can’t simply take the same road as Ali and Amazon … We don’t have that much money, and they have inexhaustible money in the US stock market." Ren Zhengfei said. This is also the reason why Huawei has always attached great importance to profits. It needs money to support huge R&D..

"For an industry, only in-depth insight and deep understanding can we grasp the right direction! Mark it and come back in a few years! " After being publicly criticized, Yu Chengdong left such a sentence on the voice forum of Huawei’s intranet, which was quite aggrieved.

Maybe everything Yu Chengdong said is right. "Cars are very important, but compared with Huawei’s main business, it doesn’t look so important." According to Yu Jianyue,For Huawei, this is a question of survival and development.


This article comes from WeChat WeChat official account:Shuzhi front line, Author: You Yong, Editor: Zhou Luping

On-line training of migrant workers, multi-skilled masters become "hard core" network anchors

  Reading tips

  Cut your hair, make small noodles and drive a forklift … … During the epidemic, these "hard-core" skills training appeared in live classes and were welcomed by many migrant workers. Online skill teaching is flying over the wall of time and space, so that more workers can learn at any time and anywhere.

  "In my impression, webcasting is a stage for handsome guys and beautiful women to show off their skills. I never thought that today, I actually watch live broadcasts to learn skills! " Yang Ping, from a remote mountain village in Hechuan District, Chongqing, has been working as a massage technician in the front line since she went to work in the city at the age of 16 and now she has become a partner in the health center. Watching the live broadcast of the master of skills at home has greatly increased her skills. "The skills I learned in two or three months are almost the sum of my years!" Yang Ping told the reporter of Workers Daily happily.

  The reporter learned that during the epidemic, the Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Human Resources and Social Security issued a notice to do a good job in online training for vocational skills improvement, developed online classrooms and online training courses, and guided more than 100,000 urban and rural workers to participate in online training. Many skill masters became network anchors for online skills teaching. Up to now, 72,000 workers have received government subsidized and public welfare online training, and live training has made the skills of urban dreamers soar.

  It takes ingenuity to bury one’s head in research and teach one’s art.

  He Xianze believes that it is necessary to be ingenious to bury one’s head in art research and raise one’s head to teach art, from a mountain village hairdresser who travels from village to village to an expert enjoying special allowance from the State Council. After the outbreak, he not only advocated that hairdressers give full play to their skills and specialties, but also volunteered to cut hair for the frontline staff against the epidemic, and even became a "network anchor" to teach everyone to cut hair.

  How to make students understand, listen and listen to their own technical methods? He Xianze has made painstaking efforts. In order to give a good lesson, he has to prepare lesson plans several days in advance, and sometimes it takes hours to repeatedly search for information and compare experiences for an example.

  On March 6th, He Xianze and his apprentice Nie Feng conducted their first live broadcast in Aauto Quicker, and soon they rushed to the live broadcast hot list, attracting nearly 10 million people from all over the country to watch. He Xianze is used to being persuasive and speaking slowly from the simple to the deep. His lectures are also rich and interesting, which can not only attract students to smile, but also enlighten them.

  Pan Lian, dressed in white clothes and trousers, wearing a hat and mask, holds red pepper in her left hand and a mobile phone in her right hand. For more than 200 apprentices in the first five classes of the camera, she tells the story of the seasoning "soul" of Chongqing noodles — — How to choose peppers? The winner of the National May 1st Labor Medal, who grew up from an apprentice to a chef, has done nearly 10 live training sessions in recent days, and 3,000 to 4,000 people watched each session online.

  "To make a bowl of noodles with unique taste, spicy and refreshing, delicious and enjoyable, the core is to choose good peppers, then match different spices and control the oil temperature. The fried oil pepper is fragrant and spicy. " While explaining, Pan Lian pointed her mobile phone at peppers, peppers and noodles, moving left and right to get a "close-up".

  Pan Lian said that for online training, teachers must prepare enough lessons, including familiarity with equipment. In addition, it is necessary to have a professional live broadcast platform, which can really provide one-stop teaching services of learning, practice, training and testing, so that live broadcast training will take another step.

  In the collision between teaching and learning, they complement each other.

  Wang Bing, a 38-year-old from Fuling Mountain Township, Chongqing, has only a junior high school diploma. With persistent research, he has changed from an ordinary forklift worker to a full-time equipment maintenance staff of Gree Electric (Chongqing) Co., Ltd., and has won more than 20 honors in the national forklift vocational skills competition, and won the honor of Chongqing Bayu craftsman and "Top Ten Migrant Workers". On April 18th, he gave a live training entitled "Theoretical Training on Safe Operation of Truck Drivers" to more than 50 students through corporate micro-signals.

  Wang Bing admits that his theoretical level is limited, and it is a difficult problem to talk deeply about Toya. Sometimes, the interaction of the students in the group will bring him great inspiration. "Every time you give a class, you can bring yourself a lot of gains." Wang Bing said.

  Xiao Gao, a student attending the lecture, told the reporter that he was a newly recruited migrant worker from the Three Gorges reservoir area. He had seen Wang Bing stack 10 cups into the shape of a champagne tower with a forklift, then open the bottle with a fork and pour champagne into the cups without spilling a drop. "Mr. Wang is modest and simple, often discusses with everyone, and is willing to accept the suggestions made by the students. We all like and admire him very much." Xiao Gao said.

  On the afternoon of April 19th, in the Beauty Eye Health Center, the reporter saw several technicians broadcasting live on their mobile phones, watching the training class of "Moxibustion King Wang Ning" and interacting with teachers on WeChat group.

  Manager Zu Chunqiu mentioned that once, a daughter took her mother to the store for physical therapy, and the whole back of the old man bulged out, which was very painful. Xiaozu was diagnosed and found that the old man’s back was like the "hard plate cold" that the live broadcast teacher often said. After the WeChat group repeatedly communicated with the teacher, the innovative moxibustion method was used. One moxibustion point in the breech position, one moxibustion point in the middle, and moxibustion for two times, only three times, the whole back of the old man was flat and did not hurt.

  "Through live training, we quickly learned many new methods and skills, and constantly improved them in actual operation, and fed back the results to the teachers, achieving a benign interaction!" Zu Chunqiu said.

  Everyone can learn, everywhere, all the time.

  Based on the vigorous development of the whole food live broadcast, Chongqing has given birth to the first institution specialized in incubating, eating and broadcasting in China. Zhang Xiaojiang, the head of the organization, kept up with the rhythm of live broadcast. By selling Chongqing delicacies, he made millions of dollars, and trained more than 50 food anchors to become professional food and broadcast trainers.

  Taobao data shows that in the live food channel, one out of every 10 live food rooms comes from Chongqing. Especially since February this year, Chongqing catering industry has concentrated on attacking online, from street snacks to local goods in the mountains, driving the growth rate of live broadcast, ranking first in the country.

  "The birth of the new job of eating and broadcasting trainer in Chongqing reflects the upgrading of Chongqing’s Internet economy to ‘ Live +’ The 2.0 stage represented by. " Hongbing Shen, a professor at chongqing technology and business university University of Economics, analyzed.

  In the interview, the reporter learned that online training in Chongqing is conducted by means of online live broadcast, video rebroadcasting and real-time Q&A. During the training process, functions such as course playback, teachers’ online Q&A and learning progress inquiry can be realized. At present, online skill teaching is flying over the campus wall, facing the whole society, and the "sharing" effect of internet education has been highlighted.

  Zhang Dexiang, director of the Rural Labor Service Development and Management Office of Chongqing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, said that the online vocational skills promotion training vigorously promoted in Chongqing aims to give full play to the important role of vocational skills training in stabilizing employment and promoting entrepreneurship. "Migrant workers can turn on their mobile phones anytime and anywhere to watch video learning online, and they can also log in to online colleges to form an environment where everyone can learn, learn everywhere and learn from time to time." Zhang Dexiang said.

How can China Airlines attract foreign pilots when the number has exceeded 1,000?

  Most of the foreign pilots in China are provided by local airlines/Oriental IC.

  Eric is currently the captain of Shenzhen Airlines A320.

  According to the statistics of the Civil Aviation Administration, there were 1005 foreign pilots in China in 2016, including 160 of the three major airlines, Air China, China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines. Other foreign pilots will mainly choose to work in local airlines and transportation companies. According to aviation industry insiders, the salary level of foreign pilots paid by China airlines is also in the leading position in the world, and the salary offered by some airlines is four times that paid by air China companies such as Brazil and Russia.

  China has become the second largest aviation market after the United States. According to the statistics of the Civil Aviation Administration, by the end of 2016, the number of China civil aviation transport aircraft fleet (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) had reached 2,933, and there were 1,005 foreign pilots in China.

  phenomenon

  The number of foreign pilots in China has exceeded 1000.

  The number of China Airlines aircraft exceeds 2,933. According to the data in the Statistical Bulletin of Civil Aviation Airport Production in 2016 published by the Civil Aviation Administration, the annual passenger throughput of airports in China exceeded 1 billion for the first time in 2016, with 1,016.357 million passengers completed, an increase of 11.1% over the previous year. Domestic routes completed 914.017 million passengers, an increase of 10.3% over the previous year; International air routes exceeded 100 million passengers for the first time, with 102.34 million passengers completed, an increase of 19.3% over the previous year.

  China has become the second largest aviation market after the United States, and the civil aviation industry as a whole has maintained a growth rate of about 10%. In the past five years, according to the passenger traffic figures, the average annual growth rate in the United States was around 4%, in Europe it was around 6%, and in China it reached 10%.

  With the rapid development of aviation industry, different airlines have different talent pool reserves for pilots, which also leads to different demand for foreign captains. Air China, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines have a relatively stable talent reserve mechanism, while private airlines choose to recruit people with high salaries to supplement their talent pool.

  According to the statistics of the Civil Aviation Administration, there were 1005 foreign pilots in China in 2016, including 160 of the three major airlines, Air China, China Southern Airlines and China Eastern Airlines. Other foreign pilots will mainly choose to work in local airlines and transportation companies.

  For example, Xiangpeng Airlines has 600 pilots (including trainees), including more than 60 foreign pilots from 13 countries. In 2016, a total of 43 pilots were promoted to captain, including 19 foreign captains. It is understood that these 19 foreign captains are from six countries including South Korea, Canada, Russia, Spain, Brazil and Bulgaria.

  The development plan of pilots in China is: flight cadet → Class e co-pilot → Class d co-pilot → Class c co-pilot → Class b co-pilot → Class a co-pilot → Captain. Generally speaking, the training time in the flight cadet stage is two years, and the training cost alone needs at least 700,000 yuan per person. If the salary, accommodation, equipment consumption and other expenses are added, the training cost is close to one million yuan. The process from the co-pilot to the captain usually takes 7-10 years.

  The main reason why many airlines introduce foreign pilots is that the existing pilot graduates can’t make up, and the domestic captains sign long-term contracts with airlines, which are basically lifelong contracts. The cost of "digging the wall" is high and even leads to lawsuits. Foreign captains sign contracts with companies for 1-5 years, which is more flexible.

  reveal a secret

  A foreign captain’s salary in China is four times that of his own country.

  In an interview, Dave Ross, chairman of Wasinc International, a professional pilot leasing company registered in Hong Kong, revealed that some China airlines are willing to pay a monthly after-tax salary as high as 26,000 US dollars, which is four times the salary paid to pilots by air China companies such as Brazil and Russia.

  The huge market vacancy and high salary and welfare are attractive to foreign pilots to work in China. Take European and American countries as an example. People who want to be pilots need to attend flight training at their own expense, then get a private license and accumulate flying hours. They usually fly in agriculture, forestry or business jet companies first, then fly cargo planes, and finally fly large passenger planes, forming a mature mode of transporting talents from general aviation to civil aviation.

  Why do foreign pilots want to work in China? According to aviation industry insiders, first of all, it is not easy to find a job for foreign pilots. In large civil aviation companies in Europe and America, you can’t get a recommendation letter from a senior captain, and you may not even have an interview. Secondly, China’s salary and treatment level is also a leading level in the world. For example, Qingdao Airlines is willing to provide an annual salary of up to $318,000 for a foreign captain, and Sichuan Airlines is willing to provide an annual salary of $302,000 for the captain who flies to Canada and Australia. China airlines pay foreign captains about 20% more than domestic pilots, which is more attractive; There are also foreign pilots who have taken a fancy to some relatively complicated airports in Asia and have worked in China for "gilding", so it is easier to find jobs for well-known airlines after returning home.

  press sb for an interview

  There is a special intermediary company to recommend foreign captains.

  Shenzhen Airlines was the first local airline to introduce foreign captains. Wu Mingxiang, manager of Boeing Foreign Flight Division of Shenzhen Airlines Flight Department, said in an interview with Beijing Youth Daily that when he joined Shenzhen Airlines as a co-pilot in 2005, Shenzhen Airlines already had four or five foreign captains. With the explosive development of the aviation industry, airlines need to buy new planes and a large number of pilots. Pilots have become a sought-after resource. In order to adapt to the development of the company, foreign captains from Brazil, Georgia, Romania, the United States, South Korea and other countries have been introduced one after another.

  The ways of training pilots in China’s airlines are mostly entrusted training and directional distribution. It takes at least 8 to 10 years to train a captain. As airlines buy a large number of new planes and open up new routes, there is a shortage of pilot talents. The introduction of a foreign captain, through the relevant examination and approval required by the Civil Aviation Administration, can be completed in at least one year, which can quickly supplement the captain talent for the company.

  Wu Mingxiang said that it was difficult to find and contact foreign captains in the past. In recent years, a special intermediary company has been responsible for recommending foreign captain talents, and the process of introducing pilots has become quite mature. Foreign pilots are not "welcome to all". In fact, pilots from any country must pass the qualification examination of the Civil Aviation Administration of China when they go to China, and their technical level must meet the requirements. If it is a different model, there is a corresponding modification test. In fact, all companies have strict assessment standards. Take Shenzhen Airlines as an example, the company will organize interviews with foreign captains, simulator operation, flight taking, etc. After 3-4 months of inspection, the contract can basically be confirmed.

  Text/reporter Yan Lishuang

  figure

  French captain who runs a bakery part-time in China.

  Eric, the captain from France, dreams of flying around the world. He recalled that after he joined the army, he jumped off his back during a military skydiving training. Facing the vast blue sky, he had a dream in Eric’s heart: "I want to be a pilot!" With this dream, Eric spent all his savings and entered the flight school. At the age of 22, he finally got a flight license and became a real pilot.

  In 2007, Eric came to China, once worked for Jade International Cargo Airlines (a Sino-foreign joint venture professional cargo airline), and now he is the captain of Shenzhen Airlines A320. He is full of passion for flying a plane, and he is extremely proud of the feeling that he can control a behemoth by pulling the joystick lightly.

  The financial crisis that broke out in 2008 affected international air freight. In 2010, the company’s operation was even more pessimistic, and the market capacity exceeded demand. Coupled with the European debt crisis and economic downturn, Eric’s former employer announced the closure in 2011, Eric lost his job, and his colleagues had to find their own way out. Later, the Chinese shareholders of Jade Airlines held a recruitment examination for the company’s pilots. He said: "I just lost my job, which is the first choice."

  Eric said that China has completely changed himself. During his six years in China, his greatest achievement was the improvement of patience and skills. As a captain, he should strictly improve his skills to ensure safety no matter where he is.

  Eric recalled a flight delay caused by flow control. It was estimated that the delay time was more than 3 hours. After waiting for an hour, instead of being in a bad mood because of the delay, the passengers all sat in their seats and waited quietly. Finally, after the crew made efforts to communicate and coordinate, the flight took off before the estimated delay time. Eric was deeply impressed by the crew’s joint efforts to tide over the difficulties and the understanding and support of the passengers.

  After flying, Eric founded his own bakery because of his love of cooking. He decided to continue his work in China and Shenzhen Airlines. Fly while making bread.

  focus

  Many jokes about "Aeroflot" are false.

  From the late night of July 13th to the early morning of July 14th, there was a heavy rain in Beijing. At that time, the flights of all airlines were delayed, cancelled or alternated, and the news that "another Russian Airlines landed ahead of schedule at the Capital Airport with thunder and lightning" once again brushed the screen. However, some media rumored yesterday that there was actually a Xiamen Airlines plane landing before Aeroflot landed.

  Relevant industry insiders pointed out that the meteorological cloud picture released by Beijing Meteorological Bureau from 0: 18 to 0: 38 on July 14, 2017 showed that these flights could land safely, because the thunderstorm in Beijing began to weaken gradually and shifted to the northeast, so these just arrived flights got the landing window period.

  The legendary captains of Russian airlines can all turn civil aviation flights into "fighters". In fact, many jokes about "Aeroflot" are false. Some insiders said that, on the one hand, China’s aviation safety supervision standards are absolutely the strictest in the world. There are a large number of real experts in the Civil Aviation Administration who exercise the strictest supervision over all planes flying over and landing in China. Once, foreign captains disobeyed the supervision of the Civil Aviation Administration and were refused "commercial" entry by relevant units forever. On the other hand, some foreign captains have excellent driving skills, rich theoretical knowledge, love flying and a high degree of professionalism, which is really commendable.

  Text/reporter Yan Lishuang

Taiwanese media look at the mainland: the first beach in the world

BEIJING, Beijing, February 19 (Xinhua) Recently, Taiwan Province’s United Daily News published a report about Beihai City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, introducing the beautiful scenery of Yintan.
Guangxi Beihai Yintan. Image source: Taiwan Province United Daily News
The report pointed out that Beihai, a coastal city surrounded by the sea on three sides, is a famous historical and cultural city, and was selected as one of the top ten "Beautiful Cities" in China. Guangxi prides itself on "Guilin landscape in the north and Beihai Silver Beach in the south". The beach of Yintan is made of high-quality quartz sand. Under the sunshine, the white and delicate beach will glow with silver, so it is called Yintan, which enjoys the reputation of "the first beach in the world" and is one of the most ideal bathing beaches and sea sports venues in the south.
Silver beach beach. Image source: Taiwan Province United Daily News
Silver Beach is characterized by "long flat beach, fine white sand, clean water temperature, soft waves and no sharks", which experts call "a rare and excellent beach in the world". Yintan stretches 24 kilometers from east to west, with a total area of 38 square kilometers, exceeding the sum of beaches in Dalian, Yantai, Qingdao, Xiamen and Beidaihe. The land is rich in vegetation and the environment is elegant and quiet.
Yintan is rich in vegetation. Image source: Taiwan Province United Daily News
Beihai Yintan Resort consists of Yintan Park, Beach Park and Ocean Sports Holiday Entertainment Center. In addition to marine activities, tourists can also participate in beach sports such as golf, volleyball and football, and watch large-scale music fountain shows.
Beach Park is an important part of Yintan Resort, in which the bathing beach is 1,500 meters long and the lawn is 100,000 square meters, which is huge. In addition to the bathing beach, there is also the "tide" of steel and plastic in Asia. "Tide" sculpture combines lighting, fountains and music performances to form a multimedia outdoor show, which has become a highlight of Yintan at night.
Giant stainless steel sculpture "Chao". Image source: Taiwan Province United Daily News
The "Tide" sculpture is a hollow steel ball with a diameter of 20 meters, symbolizing the pearl. There are seven statues of beautiful girls on the sphere, which are like fairies descending to the world, with a musical fountain, showing the elegance of going to sea and the rhythm of the tide. In addition, there are 30 moon tide lights around the sculpture. The moon and the pearl are combined, and the stars shine. The whole square is like a jade plate full of pearls, which is spread out by the sea and beautiful. (End)
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On the Series of Excellent Chinese Traditional Culture: Blue, Reading the Important Color Codes of Chinese Traditional Culture

Cyan is the color of spring. Whether it is "the moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green in the curtain", or "the willows on the edge of the city are curled up, and the green mulberry is unfamiliar", or "Weicheng is facing the rain and the dust is light, and the guest house is green and the willow color is new", it describes this pleasing color in spring for us.

Because of this, in the traditional culture of China, cyan is "the color of everything". Among hundreds of traditional China colors, cyan has a special meaning for Chinese people. Tracing back to China people’s special liking for "turquoise" color, there is actually a track of the change of cyan culture meaning, which tells us that cyan may be the color code to interpret Chinese traditional culture.

-editor

Blue porcelain lotus bird lamp in Longquan kiln of Southern Song Dynasty

Cyan is the color symbol of China culture.

China’s folk aesthetic taste usually revolves around the core of "Happiness and Happiness". Folk culture attaches great importance to bright colors such as red, gold and green, especially likes colorful colors, and pursues auspiciousness, jubilation and peace. For example, Yangliuqing New Year pictures reflect this kind of folk aesthetic taste. This kind of aesthetics contains a good wish for secular life. But cyan is very different. It covers a wide range in chromatography, and the main part belongs to the physical property of cool color, giving people a quiet and indifferent psychological feeling, which is more regarded as a reflection of the spiritual level. It can be said that cyan contains the thoughts and feelings of China literati.

China’s cyan absorbs all kinds of environmental elements, and constantly changes its meaning. It is a special color that can arouse people’s association with the characteristics of Chinese civilization: it reflects the inclusive national characteristics, refracts China’s philosophy with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as the mainstream, and shows the implicit, tenacious and unobtrusive national character. She can show a broad aesthetic scale from simple to gorgeous, and can also trigger a visual feeling from light to calm, because she is not a single color, but a mixed color, sometimes with bright yellow, sometimes with warm red, sometimes with green, sometimes with blue, sometimes with purple, and sometimes with dark cyan.

The application of cyan in China has a history of more than 2,000 years. In China, people have a blue shadow in all aspects of national governance, production and life, religious opinions, artistic creation and spiritual pursuit. When we study cyan, we should not only study the chromatographic composition of cyan and the source of painting pigments, but also combine sociology, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, politics, economy, religion and art to explore comprehensively. The more you explore, the more profound the implication of cyan culture can be found. Therefore, it may be boldly speculated that cyan is an important color code to interpret Chinese traditional culture.

There are similarities and significant differences between colors in scientific sense and colors in cultural sense. The color in the cultural sense is more complex and the direction is more vague. When color is printed with traces of social and cultural patterns and endowed with unique thoughts and feelings of human beings, it becomes a cultural symbol.

After human beings form an intuitive color perception of objects, this color will have a psychological significance, which is very personalized and closely related to the viewer’s own experience, environment and culture. Niu Xiji, a poet in the Five Dynasties, said, "Remember the green dress and pity the grass everywhere." Because the author’s love object is a girl wearing a green dress, the two of them are just around the corner, and the lovers have repeatedly urged her to think of the grass color from the green dress and the green dress from the grass color. It’s endless, so don’t forget each other. This association about green is caused by the author’s personal experience. For others, green can’t be associated with a green dress. At this time, green is not a symbol. However, among the "red light stops and green light goes", red and green are used on traffic lights, which represents the universal meaning and becomes symbols. Therefore, this layer of semantics of color symbols must be associated by individuals, and then developed into a well-known social concept after grouping and recognition, and then a color culture that can be widely spread can be formed.

It is in the long historical changes that cyan has gradually become a symbol. The meaning of this symbol is constantly changing, and as time goes on, it moves from one consensus to another. Cyan has a vibrant masculine color from the initial symbol of the sky, the east, vegetation and spring, to the color of the queen’s spring sacrifice dress and wedding dress, and then to the color of the common people and the color of Buddhism and Taoism; In the drama, she became a traditional woman with traditional virtues but bumpy fate. In the eyes of Taoism, it has become a symbol of simplicity, and the change of cyan culture implication itself is a part of the history of Chinese cultural changes.

Part of the masterpiece of the Northern Song Dynasty turquoise landscape painting "Jiangshan Autumn Color Map Volume" collected by the Palace Museum.

China’s philosophical thought has made the implication of cyan culture unique.

China’s philosophical thought endows cyan with more meanings-cyan can reflect the noble feelings of the gentry, the Confucian rule of etiquette and the gentleman’s self-cultivation, the Buddhism’s understanding, the Taoism’s simplicity, and the metaphysical’s free and easy nature. It is beyond the worldly pursuit. Conversely, the influence of cyan on China people’s aesthetic taste is also immersion, which reflects China people’s deeper thinking about the spiritual world.

The process of incorporating cyan into official uniforms is influenced by Confucianism.

Confucius said, "Evil purple takes away Zhu, and evil Zheng Sheng’s chaos makes you happy." This is the most intense judgment on color made by the primitive Confucianism, and these judgments are all carried out under the framework of ceremony. A clear example of the concept of ritual color is the hierarchical differentiation reflected by the color of clothing. Among them, the process of cyan being incorporated into official uniforms is a process influenced by Confucianism. The regulation of the color style of official uniforms is the concrete embodiment of Confucian etiquette thought.

Influenced by the concept of etiquette color, Confucianism first determined the rank within the ruling class, and one of the important tasks was to make a fuss about official clothes, making color one of the key elements to distinguish ranks.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, "color-tasting clothes" appeared. In the Sui Dynasty, the colors of official clothes were red and cyan, and black, white and Huang San were no longer used, because black and white had become the colors of sacrificial clothes. After the Sui Dynasty, the colors of official uniforms were basically purple, scarlet, cyan and green, and cyan and green became the official uniforms of officials in lower positions.

Under the guidance of Confucianism, after the color grade of official uniforms was determined, although the color changed all the time, the practice that cyan was fixed as a color in the sequence of official uniforms lasted for more than 1000 years. Until the Qing Dynasty, cyan dominated other colors and officially became the color of all official uniforms, and the size of official ranks and civil and military positions were distinguished by patch patterns.

Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties guided the aesthetic interest of celadon art.

Taoism took advantage of the collapse of the Han Empire and the crisis of the literati’s belief in Confucianism, which finally contributed to metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. For a long time, metaphysics occupied the ideological position of the gentry. Metaphysics thought has played an important guiding role in China people’s artistic aesthetics.

The manufacture and use of celadon in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the first peak of celadon art in the history of China, which formed an aesthetic tendency of "green, beautiful, spiritual and handsome" for celadon. The aesthetic thought of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties has an important influence on the modeling of celadon.

The origin of azure porcelain is very early, which can be traced back to Shang Dynasty. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, craftsmen built kilns with superb skills, the temperature in the kilns could reach 1200 degrees, and they knew how to add plant ash to the raw materials, which made the pottery have a blue glaze on the outside and became the original celadon.

The original firing level of celadon was not high, and during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, celadon had accumulated rich experience in the composition ratio of glaze raw materials and firing methods. Celadon became thin and transparent in glaze, with delicate and moist fetal quality, and its shape changed. The aesthetic thought of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties is different from the aesthetic temperament of Qin and Han dynasties, but pursues natural beauty, purity and refinement, and pays attention to appreciation and pursuit of inner charm.

In their own temperament, the scholar-officials pursue elegant character, free and chic, elegant and strange temperament, hoping to convey their unconventional elegance, which also affects the "celadon" as a daily appliance.

In the aesthetic pursuit of literati in Wei and Jin Dynasties, "youth, beauty, spirit and beauty" are the ultimate pursuit of celadon. The light and elegant glaze color of celadon just meets the aesthetic standards of literati, that is, "natural beauty is the highest and ornate carving is the lowest".

The Wei-Jin fashion of drinking with Yue kiln celadon was also passed down. This romantic style in Wei and Jin Dynasties can also be verified by the poetry works of the literati in the Tang Dynasty, such as Lu Guimeng’s "The Secret Color Yueqi": "The autumn wind in September opened the kiln and won the green color of Qianfeng. I’m so happy to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, and I’ll share my cup with you. " It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, it was still the fashion for literati to drink with Yue kiln porcelain.

Buddhism and Taoism inject new meaning into cyan clothing and utensils.

After the Ming Dynasty, the color of Taoist uniforms became cyan. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, personally participated in the formulation of the clothing system in the Ming Dynasty, from the emperor’s nobles to the common people, monks and prostitutes. All the clothing was decided by Mao, and he was ordered to restore the clothing system like the Tang Dynasty, trying to overthrow the Hu customs of the Yuan Dynasty and restore the old appearance of China. In Volume XI of the Ming Dynasty Canon and History of the Ming Dynasty, the provisions on Taoist costumes are recorded: "Taoist priests always wear green clothes; French clothes and Korean clothes are all red; The Taoist official is the same. " That is, it is stipulated that the Taoist priest’s uniform needs to be cyan, so it is often said that "Tsing Yi Taoist priest" later.

The localized Buddhist thought is influenced by the Taoist culture in China, which in turn gives another meaning to cyan objects. In the decoration of celadon, there have been patterns such as Buddha statue, flying sky and lotus flower since the late Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially the lotus flower pattern, which reflects the extensive use of Buddhist symbols. For example, the "Lotus Zun" porcelain unearthed from the Liang Dynasty Tomb in Linshan, Nanjing has a solemn shape, with seven layers of lotus petals from top to bottom, just like a blooming violet, which reflects the important influence of Buddhism on celadon art. From the artifacts, it can be seen that cyan has been infiltrated by Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties for a long time, and has begun to represent the metaphysical pursuit. For example, it embodies the courtesy of Confucianism, the cultivation of gentlemen, the emptiness of Buddhism, the nature of Taoism, and the free and easy of metaphysics.

Buddhism and Taoism have also made great contributions to the Chinese vocabulary of Qing characters, leaving a large number of words with special meanings, such as Qing Niu, Qing Luan, Qing Cheng, Qing Deng, Qing Yan and Qing Lian.

Part of Wang Ximeng’s "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" in Northern Song Dynasty

Chinese vocabulary reflects the changing track of cyan meaning.

Cyan, which is composed of words of cyan, no longer represents the original color meaning of the word, but is deeply embedded in Chinese culture, which has a subtle influence on the cultural meaning of cyan.

"Tsing Yi", from Tianzi’s fine clothes to the bottom dress.

The mention of "Tsing Yi" always gives people a sense of solemnity, calmness, mystery, lowliness and suffering. In the role of Peking Opera, Tsing Yi is a "bitter COP", who dares to love and hate generally and resolutely fights against fate.

In fact, the original meaning of Tsing Yi has nothing to do with humble suffering. The word "Tsing Yi" appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but it is not the meaning we commonly use now. In the Book of Rites and the Moon Order more than 2,000 years ago, it was clearly recorded that there were three times of "Tsing Yi", such as "The Moon of Meng Chun, the sun was in the camp. ….. The son of heaven lives in the left of Qingyang, taking Luan Road, driving black dragon, carrying the green flag, wearing Tsing Yi and serving Cang Yu. " "Tsing Yi" is the dress of the son of heaven in spring. The Book of Rites records that the five colors correspond to the five elements, and they wear different colors in different seasons. Tianzi wears Tsing Yi in spring, Zhu Yi in summer, white in autumn and black in winter.

And baiguan can only wear tsing yi when the emperor gives him a gift. For example, the Book of Rites in the History of the East View records that "on the day when Emperor Zhang was lucky and worried about beginning of spring, all the officials in Kyoto were dressed in Tsing Yi, and all the history was served by Qing Yi." It means following the day when the son of heaven beginning of spring traveled, and officials can wear Tsing Yi.

With the changes of the times, the status of the wearer in Tsing Yi has also begun to change. From the emperor’s spring clothes, sacred and solemn sacrificial clothes, to the court clothes, low-grade official clothes, and then to the clothes colors of scholars and people, it has undergone a major change.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tsing Yi had already referred to the lower-ranking figures. Cai Yong wrote a famous poem "Qing Yi Fu", which described a woman with outstanding appearance, virtuous and dignified like a meticulous painting, and entrusted her love for a maid from humble origins in Qing Yi. Fu wrote her appearance "looking forward to Qian Shuli, white teeth and moths." The mysterious light is moist, and the collar is like a clam. Vertical and horizontal hair extension, leaves such as low sunflower. Slender Ran Ran, it is amazing. " It’s absolutely beautiful. Then write about her dress, "Yi Sleeve Dan Dress, Creeping on the Silk Leaf", which shows that although she is called "Tsing Yi", she is wearing a red dress-Yi Sleeve Dan Dress. This shows that the word "Tsing Yi" refers to her status. Cai Yong praised her elegant manners, and concluded that she was "a good wife and a good teacher". However, the author can’t develop this relationship, because this woman’s identity is really humble.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the court stipulated that the colors worn by the people were green, blue and white. The evidence can be seen in the "Yuan Jian Lei Han" that "the foot soldiers are not green, blue and white; There is no green, blue or white in the color of the handmaid. " During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao wrote in "A Letter with Taiwei Yang Biao": "There are two people who care about Tsing Yi, and they are always around." Tsing Yi here refers to serving the left and right handmaids.

The reason why blue clothes are often worn by the lower class people lies in their cheapness. At that time, among the plant dyes used to dye cloth, cyan was the most easily available. Because a plant dyed green "blue grass" is suitable for both southern and northern growth, it is easy to collect. Using "blue grass" to dye cloth clothes is easy to color and low in cost. The so-called "shine on you is better than blue" refers to the fabric dyed with this "blue grass".

In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the emergence of new drama forms such as Yuan Zaju, Huangmei Opera and Peking Opera, "Tsing Yi" began to be synonymous with the role of Zhengdan in traditional Chinese opera, and gradually became a proper noun. In China’s classical operas, Tsing Yi is one of the traditional operas. The southern operas are called Zhengdan and the northern operas are called Tsing Yi.

Typical Tsing Yi has Yu Ji in Farewell My Concubine, Qin Xianglian in My Fair Case and Wang Baochuan in Wujiapo. In these plays, the women are all unlucky, but they dare to fight and decide their own destiny. All these Tsing Yi women have the traditional virtues of China women and have a great spirit of sacrifice. The virtues of these women are recognized and appreciated by the patriarchal society. Tsing Yi, therefore, has a solemn image of justice.

Look, on the stage of drama, it’s amazing that one color can define the basic fate of a character. It has become an important factor of drama performance to highlight the characteristics of the role with the color of clothing. Among them, cyan is an important color symbol with typical symbolic significance.

Although the cyan of Tianzi’s spring suit is not necessarily the same color as the cyan of the maid or the Dan Jiao, they are all called Tsing Yi, because cyan is a mixed color. The cultural implication of cyan has indeed changed dramatically because of the change of the object referred to by the word Tsing Yi.

The Tsing Yi role played by Peking Opera actor Zhang Huoding.

"Hair", from silk thread or rope to female hair.

"Blue hair and white hair" describes the fleeting youth. However, "moss" originally refers to rope, not hair.

The earliest poem with "moss" should be Yuefu poem. There are "moss as a cage, cassia twig as a cage hook" in Yuefu Poetry Collection, and "Jiao Zhongqing’s wife" in Yuefu Poetry Collection, there are "sixty or seventy box curtains, green green moss ropes" and "three million yuan, all of which are worn with moss". The "blue hair" in these two places is not the black hair we refer to now, but the blue silk thread or rope.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, "green silk" once referred to the reins of horses. In many poets’ works, the expression of "moss" refers to the bridle of a horse. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu’s poem "Going Out to the Front" contains "Take off the bridle and pick the moss in your hand", among which the "moss" in the rider’s hand is the bridle. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Sang": "The beauty is Wei Qiaodong, and the silkworm is still working in spring. Five Ma Rufei dragons, green silk tied with gold. " The "hair" here also refers to the bridle, not the hair of a beautiful woman.

Since the Tang Dynasty, "Qingsi" has been famous all over the world with Li Bai’s wonderful pen as a metaphor for black hair. China literati often use the image of "green hair and white hair" when they lament that youth is fleeting, fame is hard to achieve, and ambition is hard to pay. Li Bai lamented in "Coming into Wine": "You don’t see how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow." This famous sentence, which has been handed down through the ages, makes "moss" a symbol of youth. At that time, "hair" did not refer to women’s hair, but was more often referred to as young men by poets. The reason why "green silk" refers to women’s hair in modern times is probably because men’s hair is really too short to be called "silk".

"Green" and "blue" have gradually become symbols of ancient China literati.

Originally, the blue only means that the color of the clothes is cyan, while the blue refers to the blue collar. Gradually, "Qing" and "Qing" became more common names for ancient scholars in China, and sometimes they referred to relegated officials.

The color and style of clothes have the function of flaunting social status, so the pattern characteristics or color characteristics of clothes are often used to refer to a certain group of people. Judging people by their appearances is a common social problem, and it has also been one of the dimensions for people to judge success since ancient times.

Green fern, the clothes worn by students in ancient times. It first appeared in the Book of Songs: "The green lady is leisurely in my heart." Because students in the Zhou Dynasty often wore blue clothes, the word "green" was also used to refer to students born in imperial academy in the Zhou Dynasty.

In the Northern Qi, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, students’ uniforms were usually cyan, which was later called "blue" as a synonym for scholars. However, there are still some differences in meaning between "green" and "blue". In poetry and prose, "Qing" emphasizes the status of a scholar, while "Qing" often refers to officials who have been demoted or frustrated in their official career.

In the Tang Dynasty, the most famous poem containing the word "blue" was Bai Juyi’s Pipa Xing: "but who of them all was crying the most?? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet. " The "blue shirt" here means that the poet is a frustrated official, rather than emphasizing that he is a scholar. In Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi’s "The Portrait of Du Fu" described Du Fu, a poor and down-and-out official in Tang Dynasty. Su Shi’s "Gu Tou Qu" includes "The blue shirt is not popular with tourists, and the red tea is filled with Cao Gang Shou", and it also quotes the allusions of Bai Juyi’s "Pipa Xing", which makes it a "blue shirt".

Author: Bao Yan (Vice President of Chinese Poetry Society)

Editor: Fan Xin

Planning: Fan Xin