Hegel: China has no history in essence! Is Hegel’s view right?

In Principles of Philosophy of Right, Hegel said: "In essence, China has no history. It constantly repeats the collapse and change of the dynasty, and the whole country has not made any progress in the process. " In short, in the words of Professor Zhang Guogang, it is "in Hegel’s eyes, China is nothing".

The question is: Is Hegel’s evaluation of China’s history correct? In fact, this evaluation is not worth refuting at all, but it can’t stand the fact that there are many filial sons and grandchildren, and Hegel’s words are always regarded as the standard to belittle Chinese civilization. Therefore, the author will give three examples to see how absurd Hegel’s words are.

Europe is almost as big as China, but why are there so many countries in Europe and China unified? There are many reasons, but one of them is related to ethnic integration.

The Chinese nation was not formed overnight, but gradually merged over thousands of years and finally formed the Chinese nation. Among them, there are counter-currents and measures to promote integration.

Let’s not talk about the distant history and countercurrent for the time being. Let’s talk about three important periods of promoting national integration after the Han Dynasty: first, the sinicization reform of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and finally the Xianbei nationality was completely integrated into the Chinese nation; Secondly, the Tang Dynasty was broad-minded to accommodate foreigners, and even An Lushan, Shi Siming and other heavily armed people were foreigners; The third is that Zhu Yuanzhang accepted millions of semu people, Mongols and others and integrated them into the Chinese nation.

There are great differences between different ethnic groups, and it will take a long time, mind and wisdom to get together.Then, isn’t the history of national integration of the Chinese nation a history of progress?For thousands of years, Europe is still fragmented and still can’t be integrated, so from the perspective of national integration, Europe has no history in essence.

It should be noted that the tolerance of Chinese civilization to different ethnic groups and cultures is exactly what the world needs at present. According to the western law, unless other civilizations are eliminated by the west, all ethnic groups in the world will never be integrated, but Chinese civilization can tolerate different civilizations and is conducive to the integration of all ethnic groups in the world. Isn’t such a Chinese civilization a contribution to mankind?

After Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, a centralized and unified political system was established, but there were many defects in the unified system of the Qin Dynasty, one of which was that the Qin Dynasty was still aristocratic politics and lacked "local representatives".

After the Han Dynasty, the wise and virtuous system was introduced, such as Liu Bang’s introduction."Seeking talents", selecting talents from the people. What really changed was Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, who introduced the inspection system, which had unified criteria and examination methods for selecting talents and recommended talents from the bottom up.More importantly, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty gave every county a quota of candidates, which is equivalent to the fact that people from every place came out to be officials, and local talents had a way out, so it was naturally not easy to rebel, and the object of investigation, regardless of origin, also broke the aristocratic political pattern.

Of course, the imperial examination system gradually became stale and became a game for aristocratic families. Cao Cao launched "meritocracy" to try to resist, but eventually failed. After the Jin Dynasty, aristocratic families became stronger and stronger. Therefore, another round of reform began in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, that is, the imperial examination system was introduced. The imperial examination system was not mature at the beginning, but gradually improved. Even in order to ensure the scientific examination in backward areas, the method of "zoning quota" was adopted, so that the central court always had people from all over the country to participate.

For thousands of years, Europe was backward in official system and aristocratic politics, and the class was seriously solidified, but China had already broken the aristocratic politics and class solidification. In contrast, who is more progressive and who is more stagnant?

It is worth mentioning that the West has always labeled China as "autocratic" in ancient times, but with representatives from all over the country participating in the imperial court, the imperial edict needs the seal of the relevant departments to have formal legal effect (the emperor directly issued it as "the imperial edict", and the prime minister can reject it), so can it be called "autocratic" as a whole?

About 14,000 years ago, cultivated rice appeared in China, which was the earliest agricultural origin in the world. In the next tens of thousands of years, the continuous progress of agriculture in China has also promoted the historical progress of China, such as the following three points (agricultural technology has been widely known, let’s not talk about it for the time being):

First of all, the climate in China is characterized by four distinct seasons, and the sowing period is very short, so it is necessary to make clear the "farming season", otherwise there will be famine in the coming year.As a result, the astronomical development in China was promoted, that is, "observing the images and giving time". The agricultural time was determined by setting tables and observing the stars, and the more accurate the agricultural time was, this was an important prerequisite for the ancient agricultural development in China.

Secondly, the so-called "workers must sharpen their tools first if they want to do a good job", and if agriculture wants to develop greatly, they must need advanced farm tools, and China’s ancient farm tools are indeed more advanced. For example, wooden hoes (which evolved from bones, and the following picture shows the Jinsha site in Shang and Zhou Dynasties) are like shovels, as well as plows (which later evolved into curved plows, etc.), and plows (which were invented in the Han Dynasty).

Third, the cultivated land conditions in China are not good. Many cultivated lands we see today are not born, but were slowly developed by the ancient people. For example, "the lake is wide and ripe, and the world is full", which was only available in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, because there were many swamps before and the development conditions were not good. Is this reclamation to feed countless people in China a historical progress?

Agriculture is the most basic industry, there is not enough food, and everything else is a mirage.Hobson said in The Oriental Origin of Western Civilization: In agriculture, "Europe as a whole did not reach the level of China (Song Dynasty) in the 12th century until the 20th century." So, from the perspective of ancient agriculture, does the west have history or does China have history?

In fact, as long as you know a little about China’s history, you will find that China has been making progress, not a simple dynasty change, but not as fast as the modern development of the West (before modern times, the West has been in a state of stagnation). There are many reasons for the slow development of China, one of which is different from that in Europe. One China is worth the whole European countries. The place is too big and the population is too large, so it is difficult for big ships to turn around, while western countries are easy for small boats to turn around.

Therefore, Hegel said that China has no history, but only repeated dynasty changes, without any progress.Either Hegel’s ignorant remarks that he didn’t know the history of China at all, or he deliberately belittled China’s remarks. Judging from Hegel’s character and the identity of the founder of Eurocentrism, it is obviously deliberately belittling China.The reason is very simple, but there are always some people who regard it as a standard and think that Hegel’s right and Hegel’s evaluation of China is a conscience, which is hard to understand.

Integrate the two sides of the strait to create a better future.

On the evening of November 16th, the final "Players’ Night" of the 4th Cross-Strait Student Baseball League was held in Guangdong Campus of Shenzhen University. (Photo by Yin Sainan, reporter from China Taiwan Province Network)

Shenzhen, Taiwan Province, China, November 17th (Reporter Yin Sainan, Zhuona and Li Zhuyi) Integrate the two sides to create a better future. On the evening of November 16th, the performance center of Guangdong Campus of Shenzhen University was full of brilliance, and the "Players’ Night" in the finals of the 4th Cross-Strait Student Baseball League was held here. In the name of baseball, 32 teams from both sides of the Taiwan Strait and nearly 1,000 young representatives from all walks of life in Shenzhen gathered together to form friendship with songs and dispel the chill with enthusiasm.

The party scene. (Photo by Yin Sainan, reporter from China Taiwan Province Network)

Since 2017, the finals of the student baseball league across the Taiwan Strait have been successfully held for four times, which is the largest and most abundant single sports event across the Taiwan Strait. As a traditional link in the competition, "Players’ Night" has built a bridge for the players on both sides of the strait to enhance understanding, blend and communicate.

The party scene. (Photo by Yin Sainan, reporter from China Taiwan Province Network)

This year, the "Players’ Night" party was organized around three chapters: Yanhuang, Reunion and Going Together. Players and actors performed on the same stage, sports and art merged across borders, and tradition and modernity merged and innovated.

The party scene. (Photo by Yin Sainan, reporter from China Taiwan Province Network)

The "Flash" in armor, the majestic Book of Songs of Elegance, Wing Chun, which is deeply rooted in Lingnan culture, and Taiwan Province Mountain Dance "We are All Family" full of treasure island customs … The audience was deeply moved by the enthusiasm and smile of the actors. Compatriots love, brotherhood, regardless of you and me, we are all family.

Taiwan Province players interact closely with local fans. (Photo by Yin Sainan, reporter from China Taiwan Province Network)

"Walking into the’ Players’ Night’ scene, many small details’ hit’ me, which made me feel more and more lucky to come to Shenzhen to participate in the baseball game." Tang Chengzong, a member of the Taitung Sports Baseball Team, said that he is a senior three and is about to enter higher education. "After returning to school, I will talk more about Shenzhen with my younger brothers and sisters and encourage everyone to come and see it."

The atmosphere at the party was warm. (Photo by Yin Sainan, reporter from China Taiwan Province Network)

This night, full of lights, players on both sides of the strait swayed together in laughter. (End)

Football analysis of Friday’s SMG, Bologna vs Lazio, Palmas vs Atletico Madrid, Greater Paris

Friday 001: Bologna vs Lazio

This game is the 11th round of Serie A. Bologna plays against Lazio at home. As a mid-stream team in the League, Bologna’s unbeaten rate is still relatively high this season, with 15 points, ranking eighth in the League. The team has never lost in the face of some strong teams, Juventus, Inter Milan and La Burroughs, and its gold content is still very high. Lazio, as a team that performed very well in the league last season, is second only to Naples. However, in the case of multi-line operations this season, the current lineup seems to be not very supportive, and its performance in the league is relatively unstable. At present, it only gets 16 points and ranks seventh in the league. Judging from the past confrontation between the two teams, Bologna has not lost at home in recent seasons, and its mentality is still relatively stable.

In this game, the game data of the whole game gives 0 tower with the same value as that of the two teams, and the on-the-spot reference in the later stage is basically stable, and there is not much tendency for the two teams as a whole. Based on the preparation situation of the two teams, the author thinks that it is difficult for La Chan ‘ao to win away.

Conclusion: the main push wins, and the second push draws.

Score recommendation: 1-1, 1-0, 2-1 (for reference only)

Friday 003 las palmas vs Atletico Madrid

Las palmas, they performed well in recent games, successfully won Manakol 3-0 away, and won two consecutive games in various competitions. However, it should be noted that the team has just become a King’s Cup game in the middle of the week, so it may be at a certain disadvantage in physical reserve. Atletico Madrid’s offensive performance is stable, with only one goal in the last 10 matches, and the average efficiency is as high as 2.1 goals. They occupied a big advantage in the last six meetings with las palmas, and achieved 5 wins and 1 loss.

This game: On the whole, this game will be a match between two powerful teams. Although Rasl Mas’s defense is excellent, Atletico Madrid’s offensive strength and overall performance are even better. Therefore, this game is more optimistic about Atletico Madrid’s chances of winning.

Recommend negative and let negative.

The score is 0-2 1-2

Friday 004 Paris Saint-Germain vs Montpellier

Paris Saint-Germain: Paris Saint-Germain beat brest 3-2 away from home in the league, and won four consecutive victories in all competitions. It should be noted that the team has a strong momentum at home and won all the last four home games. This game may still be highly regarded at home.

Montpellier: Montpellier beat Toulouse 3-0 at home in the league, and won two of the last three games. It is in good condition. On the other hand, the team’s recent away play is still insufficient, and the last four away games have only achieved 1 win, 1 draw and 2 losses. You still need to be more careful in this away game.

In the last five meetings between the two sides, Paris Saint-Gervais scored 4 wins and 1 draw, and its track record was dominant. According to the data given by the institutions, most of the concessions given by the relevant institutions were at -1.5 initially, and most of them are at -1.75 at present, but the value of the home team is still declining, and the support of the institutions for the home team is increasing, which is beneficial to the home team. This field can pay attention to the big Paris victory.

Recommend letting win and letting even.

The score is 4-0 3-1 4-1

"Nanba" came to the opening of the first basketball league for primary school students in Shinan District of Qingdao.

Leading guests at the event took a group photo. (Source: Shinan District Primary School Basketball League)

Xinwang September 18 th(Reporter Li Ruyi) On September 16th, the first primary school basketball league (SNBA) in Shinan District of Qingdao kicked off in Qingdao Hisense School! Xu Ze, Director of Competitive Sports Department of Qingdao Sports Bureau, Zhang Xiao, Director of Qingdao Basketball and Rugby Sports Management Center, Cao Jiaxiang, Deputy Director of Sports and Health Arts Department of Qingdao Education Bureau, and Xin Yuan, Deputy Director of Shinan District Education Research Center, attended the opening ceremony.

The opening game was played by Qingdao Jiayuguan School against Qingdao Hisense School. Zhang Xiao kicked off the game, and the principals of the two schools also came to the scene to cheer for the little players. With the referee’s whistle, the "Nanba" League officially began. Basketball players’ vigorous posture and superb basketball skills explain their love for basketball. The sound of players’ breathing, the friction of sneakers and the cheers of the audience ignited the atmosphere of the scene.

This year’s "South BA" League has set up two divisions: East (Qingdao Hisense School) and West (Qingdao University Road Primary School). More than 300 coaches and athletes from 22 school teams in the whole region will compete for the championship of each division and the championship of the league through more than 100 round robin games in more than two months. After the first round of competition, Jiayuguan School, Keelung Road Primary School, Shinan Experimental Primary School and HongKong Road Primary School in the Eastern Division won their first victories.

In recent years, Shinan District Education and Sports Bureau has actively deepened the integration of sports and education, incorporated basketball skills into the regional "sports skill chain" for comprehensive popularization, and held youth basketball events and exchange activities such as "Principal Cup", "Nanba Cup" and "District Cup" to stimulate students’ interest in basketball, cultivate their positive sports concept, enhance the development stamina of basketball competitive sports in Shinan District, promote the vigorous development of youth basketball, and promote the overall improvement of students’ sports skills and physical health.

Reporting/feedback

[Observation] The Manchester City Dynasty has been established. Who can push Gua’s Blue Moon off the throne?

In six years, it won the championship for five times and won the Premier League three times in a row for the first time. Guardiola’s Manchester City has undoubtedly ranked among the immortals-in the history of English top leagues for more than 100 years, only five teams have achieved the achievement of winning the championship three times in a row, starting with Huddersfield (1924-26) 97 years ago, followed by Arsenal (1933-35) and Liverpool (1982).

As for four consecutive championships, it has never happened, but it seems that it may become a reality after one year, or even a longer record of consecutive championships. After all, Gua’s Blue Moon has achieved great success. Even the disadvantage of falling behind by 8 points at one time can be easily recovered and won in advance, and I am afraid that the advantage will be greater and greater in the future. In this state, many people must have the same question in their hearts: Who else can stop Guardiola’s team from continuing to dominate the Premier League in the future?

Who is the most qualified not to play in the Champions League?

This season, Arsenal "almost" successfully prevented the official establishment of the Manchester City Dynasty. They were the leaders in the standings until the end of April, and only after losing the direct dialogue between the two sides did they completely fall behind. Obviously, the gunman’s drive and courage to challenge are worthy of recognition and respect, but we must also understand that this young team can rise suddenly this season, in fact, it is mixed with many accidental factors. If most of the traditional top six were not in trouble, including Manchester City, which was once slow to heat up, Arsenal, which took the lead, might not be able to occupy the highlands from the starting stage.

By next season, Arteta’s team will face an unprecedented test. After many years of returning to the Champions League, they will also lose an advantage over their competitors. In the 2021-22 season, Arsenal, which is competing for four, will not have a European mission. By 2022-23, the gunners who once competed for the championship have never been under the pressure of the Champions League. In the future, they may take care of themselves. After all, the most obvious shortcoming of the team at present is that the lineup is too small. Although the main force is strong, it can’t be rotated by playing in the league.

If Arsenal’s Premier League ranking drops next season, I believe it won’t surprise too many people. Although they will definitely strengthen in the summer, it is not easy to make the expanded team increase in strength in a blink of an eye. As a result, when discussing the "Manchester City Challenger" next season, the most popular candidate is not the new runner-up, but Liverpool, which now seems to have no hope of winning four.

Is this because the Red Army can’t play in the Champions League? This can be considered as one of the factors, but more importantly, klopp is the only man who has kept pace with Guardiola in the Premier League and defeated "Full Form Manchester City". In 2017-18, after Guashuai transformed Blue Moon into a shape and won the league championship, he was interrupted to defend his title only once in the Premier League, that is, the 2019-20 season when Liverpool won the championship. In addition, don’t forget that in 2018-19 and 2021-22, the Red Army was only one point away from Manchester City.

Of course, this season’s down and out is enough to show that klopp is facing the biggest dilemma since he landed in the Premier League. It is not easy to regain his glory, and it is even more difficult to overthrow Guardiola again. In this regard, we can only say that Liverpool still have some basic conditions. For example, although the upgrading of their lineup seems to be lagging behind, at least they have spent a lot of money. Newcomers such as Nunez and Huckabee, although they can’t reach the height of Trident for the time being, still have an upward trend and huge room for improvement.

In addition, there are still some good rumors about the reinforcement in summer. Bellingham, who has been staring for a long time, has failed, but mcallister of Brighton, Mount of Chelsea or Herafenbech of Bayern all have the chance to become a new force. Last time the league slipped, it only won the third place in the 2020-21 season. The Red Army rebounded quickly, and this time it fell even harder. I wonder if they can come up with a tougher response.

Richer people can win in the future?

In addition to the Red Army, the Red Devils are also expected to make "progress" next season, and in terms of preventing Guardiola from winning the cup, Manchester United should even be considered as the team that is expected to achieve this goal as soon as possible-in the FA Cup final on June 3, if Tenghahe’s team can win the Manchester derby, then the blue moon treble will naturally fail, regardless of whether the latter can beat Inter Milan a week later.

This sounds a bit like an "impossible task", but at least in January this year, the Red Devils reversed the blue moon with a tenacity of 2-1. Of course, if we really want to challenge our neighbors in a longer period of time, Manchester United needs a real reinvention-it is best to change to a richer and generous boss. In all fairness, Tenghahe has indeed brought many positive changes to the team, but all kinds of troubles left by years of deviation can be completely resolved without being so simple. At present, the Red Devils lineup also has obvious defects, such as the lack of a top scorer with particularly guaranteed goal data.

Manchester United need a strong summer, and it is best to win the legendary Aussie or Kane. As one of the traditional top six teams, Tottenham, where the latter is located, has some feelings of being expelled from the Premier League giants this season. After the cooperation with Kong Di, it is too late to determine the direction of candidates. In this way, they are likely to need to "start all over again" next season, and it is difficult to qualify for the discussion in the front row.

Since Newcastle are only one point away from qualifying for the Champions League next season, this "upstart" must be included in the discussion. With the endorsement of the Saudi public investment fund, whose wealth far exceeds that of the royal family in Abu Dhabi, it is not surprising that magpies can dominate the Premier League one day. With the support of Petroleum Jinyuan, the team has indeed made rapid progress. Last year, it once fought for relegation, and it is expected to be the third place this year. Just to take a step forward, the difficulty will inevitably multiply, and Newcastle’s development strategy is actually quite "slow and steady". They pay more attention to the long-term future, not just the immediate order. On such a successful day of Newcastle’s hegemony, Guashuai may not still be in Manchester City.

Finally, it seems that we can’t completely rule out Chelsea, one of the "top six". Although they are extremely chaotic this season, they have to be thankful for relegation in advance, but after all, the new boss has spent 600 million pounds to reinforce their ambitions. Therefore, there are still some British media who have an imagination of the Blue Army: What if Pochettino comes and the team is built as tall as its "buying price"?

However, some people are naysayers. For example, the website WhoScored recently posted a piece of data: Manchester City is one of Pochettino’s most unwilling opponents, with an average score of only 1.05 when leading the team against it. And against Guardiola, who is only one year older than himself, Pochettino is always half a head shorter in momentum. Under this premise, it may be very successful for the Blue Army to return to the front row to spoil the situation in the future.