标签： 上海gm资源群

Sudden death, a sudden and unexpected event, often sends out some warning signals before it happens.

In the month before sudden death, some patients may feel long-term and uninterrupted fatigue, unable to sleep at night, heart beating involuntarily, chest tightness or pain, and shortness of breath. These symptoms may mean early problems in the heart or circulatory system. Not only that, but also nervous system symptoms such as dizziness, head pain and blurred vision, as well as emotional problems such as inner anxiety and depression. If these symptoms appear frequently or get worse, you must go to the hospital for examination in time. It is worth noting that not all patients at risk of sudden death will show the above symptoms, and even if these symptoms appear, they may not necessarily lead to sudden death. However, always maintaining a high degree of vigilance and going to the hospital for examination in time once abnormalities are found plays a crucial role in preventing sudden death.

At the same time, cultivating healthy living habits, such as quitting smoking, limiting the amount of drinking, maintaining a balanced diet, and doing moderate physical exercise, are also important measures to prevent sudden death.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has insisted on solving the "three rural issues" as the top priority of the whole party’s work, insisted on giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, never slackened its efforts to do a good job in grain production, actively promoted the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, and thoroughly implemented the rural revitalization strategy. The sustained and steady growth of agricultural economy, abundant supply of major agricultural products, outstanding achievements in agricultural infrastructure construction, and remarkable improvement in rural appearance and living environment have played a "ballast stone" role in promoting healthy economic and social development.

First, the agricultural economy is stable and the basic position is more stable.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have continuously issued a series of policies to support agriculture and benefit farmers. All localities and departments have conscientiously implemented the decisions and arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on the work concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Agricultural economic activities have been increasing, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery has been increasing, the industrial structure has been further optimized, and the basic role of agriculture has been brought into full play.

(A) the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery continued to grow, and the agricultural economy progressed steadily.

In 2021, the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery was 14,701.3 billion yuan [1], an increase of 6,067.1 billion yuan over 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 4.2% from 2013 to 2021 [2]. In terms of industries, all industries of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery maintained steady growth, among which the agricultural output value increased the most, and the professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery grew the fastest. In 2021, the agricultural output value was 7,834 billion yuan, an increase of 3,349.4 billion yuan over 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 4.5% from 2013 to 2021; The output value of forestry was 650.8 billion yuan, an increase of 310.1 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 6.1%; The output value of animal husbandry was 3,991.1 billion yuan, an increase of 1,342 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 2.7%; The fishery output value was 1,450.7 billion yuan, an increase of 610.3 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 3.4%; The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery professional and auxiliary activities was 774.8 billion yuan, an increase of 455.4 billion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 7.8%.

(B) continuous optimization of the industrial structure of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and more balanced and coordinated development.

While the total amount of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery continues to grow, with the change of agricultural production mode, the industrial structure of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery is constantly adjusted, and economic activities such as forestry and fishery are constantly increasing, especially the professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery are greatly increased, and the industrial structure is further optimized. In 2021, the agricultural output value accounted for 53.3% of the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery [3], an increase of 1.4 percentage points over 2012; Forestry output value accounted for 4.4%, an increase of 0.5 percentage points; The output value of animal husbandry accounted for 27.1%, down by 3.6 percentage points; The fishery output value accounted for 9.9%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points; The output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery specialty and auxiliary activities accounted for 5.3%, an increase of 1.6 percentage points.

(C) the steady development of agriculture and related industries, give full play to the basic role.

Agriculture is the basic industry of national economy, which not only provides rich and varied agricultural products necessary for people’s daily life, but also provides many raw materials for the development of secondary and tertiary industries. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s agricultural production has developed steadily, the integration of primary and secondary industries represented by agricultural product processing industry has been accelerated, the integration of primary and tertiary industries represented by farmhouse music and pastoral complexes has been deepened, the scale of agriculture and related industries [4] has been growing, and the added value of agriculture and related industries has remained more than twice that of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, which has led to the continuous expansion of agricultural economy, increasing its proportion in GDP and giving full play to the basic role of agriculture. In 2021, the operating income of agricultural and sideline food processing industries above designated size reached 5,410.8 billion yuan, an increase of 196.2 billion yuan over 2012 [5], with an average annual growth rate of 0.4% from 2013 to 2021. In 2020, the added value of agriculture and related industries nationwide reached 16.69 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.098 billion yuan over 2018, with an average annual growth rate of 6.9%; The proportion of gross domestic product (GDP) was 16.5%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over 2018.

Second, the level of food security has improved, and China’s rice bowl has become more stable

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has attached great importance to food security, increased its support for food production, continued to implement the minimum purchase price policy for rice and wheat, implemented subsidies for corn and soybean producers in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and three northeastern provinces, implemented the soybean revitalization plan, and implemented a series of policies and measures such as the joint responsibility of the party and the government for food security. China’s grain production has been stable and high, with the per capita grain output continuing to be above 450 kg, and the grain stocks are sufficient. China rice bowls are not only more stable, but also have a better color.

(A) policies and measures to ensure strong, grain output to a new level.

In 2012, China’s grain output reached 1.2 trillion Jin for the first time. With the strong support of policies, China’s grain production continued to grow on the basis of the previous high level. Since 2015, China’s grain output has exceeded 1.3 trillion Jin for seven consecutive years. In 2021, China’s grain output reached 1,365.7 billion Jin, the highest level in history, an increase of 141.2 billion Jin over 2012, with an average annual growth of 1.2% from 2013 to 2021. Among them, the grain output was 1,265.5 billion Jin, an increase of 132.3 billion Jin, with an average annual increase of 1.2%; The output of beans was 39.3 billion Jin, an increase of 5.7 billion Jin, with an average annual increase of 1.8%; The output of potatoes was 60.9 billion Jin, an increase of 3.2 billion Jin, with an average annual growth rate of 0.6%. In terms of varieties, the output of major grain varieties has increased to varying degrees, including 425.7 billion Jin of rice, an increase of 12.6 billion Jin over 2012, with an average annual increase of 0.3% from 2013 to 2021; Wheat was 273.9 billion Jin, an increase of 28.9 billion Jin, with an average annual growth rate of 1.2%; 545.1 billion Jin of corn, an increase of 86 billion Jin, with an average annual growth rate of 1.9%; Soybean was 32.8 billion Jin, an increase of 5.9 billion Jin, with an average annual growth rate of 2.2%.

(2) The per capita possession has steadily increased, and the quality of rice bowls in Chinese is more adequate.

The per capita grain possession [6] is an important index to measure the grain supply situation of a country or region. It is generally believed that the per capita grain possession of more than 400 kilograms represents the food security of the country or region internationally. As China’s grain output continues to climb to a new level, the per capita grain output continues to increase. Since 2012, the per capita grain output has remained above 450 kg. In 2021, the per capita grain output reached 483.5 kg, an increase of 31.4 kg over 2012, with an average annual growth of 0.7% from 2013 to 2021. Even without considering imports and abundant stocks, the per capita grain output has far exceeded the internationally recognized food safety line. China’s rice bowl is not only firmly in its own hands, but also mainly filled with China’s grain.

(C) adequate food stocks, granaries in big countries have a stronger foundation.

Adequate food stocks are the key to ensure the stable operation of food prices and other important materials, and are a strong guarantee for China’s food security. FAO believes that the stock consumption ratio of 17% is a warning line for food security. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the continuous growth of China’s grain output, China’s grain stocks have been increasing, especially the stocks of ration crops such as rice and wheat have remained at a high level. According to estimates, the current consumption ratio of grain stocks in China exceeds 50%, and the consumption of rice and wheat stocks exceeds one year, which far exceeds the food security warning line of FAO. Abundant grain stocks have effectively guaranteed national food security and laid a solid foundation for effectively coping with various risk challenges at home and abroad and ensuring stable and healthy economic and social development.

Third, the supply of major agricultural products is more abundant, and the residents’ dining tables are more abundant.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, with the continuous improvement of people’s living standards, people should not only eat well, but also eat better. In order to meet the diversified food consumption needs of urban and rural residents, while ensuring food production, the state also pays attention to developing other agricultural production. The output of major cash crops such as vegetables, melons and fruits has increased steadily, the market supply of meat, poultry, eggs, milk and fishery products is sufficient, the dining tables of residents are more abundant, and the quality of life has improved significantly.

(1) The output of major cash crops has grown steadily, and the market supply is abundant.

Vegetables, melons and fruits are the main sources of vitamins for urban and rural residents, and they are an indispensable part of residents’ daily life. Since 2012, the consumption of vegetables and fruits by urban and rural residents has been increasing. Driven by the increase in consumption, the national output of vegetables and fruits has been increasing. In 2021, the national output of vegetables and edible fungi reached 775.49 million tons, an increase of 159.24 million tons compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 2.6% from 2013 to 2021; The fruit output was 299.7 million tons [7], an increase of 78.79 million tons, with an average annual increase of 3.4%; Oil production was 36.13 million tons, an increase of 3.28 million tons, with an average annual increase of 1.1%. The steady growth in the output of major cash crops has enriched residents’ food baskets, fruit plates and oil bottles, greatly enriching the material life of urban and rural residents.

(2) The production capacity of animal husbandry has been continuously enhanced, and the output of meat, eggs and milk has increased steadily.

Animal food is an important source of protein and fat for urban and rural residents, and its consumption generally increases with the increase of residents’ income. Since 2012, driven by strong consumer demand, the output of meat, poultry, eggs and milk in China has been increasing, and the structure has been continuously optimized, effectively meeting the diverse consumer needs of residents. In 2021, the national total meat output reached 89.9 million tons, an increase of 5.19 million tons compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 0.7% from 2013 to 2021. The livestock production structure has been continuously adjusted, the proportion of pork has decreased, and the proportion of other meat products such as cattle, sheep and poultry has continued to increase. In 2021, the proportion of pork production in total meat production dropped to 58.9%, a decrease of 5.4 percentage points compared with 2012; The output of other meats such as cattle, sheep and poultry increased to 41.1%. The output of poultry eggs has been ranked first in the world for many years. In 2021, the output of poultry eggs reached 34.09 million tons, an increase of 5.23 million tons over 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 1.9%. Milk production continued to increase. In 2021, milk production reached 37.78 million tons, an increase of 4.71 million tons compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 1.5%.

(3) The fishery production situation is good and the production structure is continuously adjusted and optimized.

Aquatic products are an important source of animal protein, an important embodiment of the quality of life of urban and rural residents, and play an indispensable role in ensuring food safety in China and maintaining the nutrition and health of the whole people. Since 2012, China’s fishery production has developed steadily as a whole, and the output of aquatic products has continued to increase. In 2021, the output of aquatic products reached 66.9 million tons, an increase of 11.88 million tons compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 2.2% from 2013 to 2021. While the total amount of aquatic products keeps increasing, the state has made overall plans for the rational utilization of fishery resources and the protection of fishery ecological environment, and put forward the development policy of giving priority to ecology, combining raising and catching, and focusing on raising, which has accelerated the transformation and upgrading of fishery development, gradually reduced the catch of aquatic products and continuously expanded the scale of aquaculture. In 2021, the output of aquaculture aquatic products was 53.94 million tons, an increase of 14.11 million tons compared with 2012, with an average annual increase of 3.4%; The proportion of aquaculture production in the total output of aquatic products increased to 80.6%, 8.2 percentage points higher than that in 2012. The output of fishing aquatic products was 12.96 million tons, a decrease of 2.23 million tons, with an average annual decrease of 1.7%; The proportion of aquatic products output further decreased to 19.4%, 8.2 percentage points lower than that in 2012.

Fourth, the basic conditions of agriculture have been continuously improved, and the foundation for stable and high yield has become more solid.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has implemented the strategy of storing grain in the land and storing grain in technology, increased infrastructure construction such as farmland water conservancy, and the irrigated area of cultivated land has been continuously increased. Intensify the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, and the construction area of high-standard farmland will increase steadily; Accelerate agricultural mechanization and greatly improve agricultural production efficiency. The basic conditions of agricultural production have been continuously improved, the agricultural foundation has become more stable, and the ability of stable and high-yield agriculture has been further enhanced.

(A) the irrigated area of cultivated land continues to increase, and the agricultural stability is more sufficient.

Water conservancy is the lifeblood of agricultural production and the basis for the normal operation of agriculture. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has continuously strengthened the construction of agricultural infrastructure focusing on farmland water conservancy, and increased investment in building farmland water conservancy. In 2021, the state financial expenditure on agriculture, forestry and water affairs reached 2,214.6 billion yuan, an increase of 1,017.2 billion yuan over 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 7.1% from 2013 to 2021. With the strong investment of the state finance, the irrigation conditions of farmland have improved obviously. At the end of 2021, the irrigated area of cultivated land in China was 1.044 billion mu, an increase of 107.02 million mu compared with 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 1.2%. The irrigated area of cultivated land continues to increase, laying a good foundation for stabilizing agricultural production.

(2) The construction of high-standard farmland has been steadily advanced, and agricultural high yield is more guaranteed.

Cultivated land is the lifeblood of agricultural production, especially the high-standard farmland with drought and flood protection plays an important role in achieving stable and high agricultural production. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has attached great importance to the construction of high-standard farmland, increased financial input, and steadily increased the construction area of high-standard farmland with centralized contiguous, supporting facilities, high and stable yield, good ecology and strong disaster resistance, which is suitable for modern agricultural production and management methods. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, more than 100 million mu of high-standard farmland will be built nationwide in 2021, and more than 900 million mu of high-standard farmland construction tasks have been completed. The construction of high-standard farmland has played an important supporting role in mobilizing farmers’ enthusiasm for growing grain and ensuring national food security.

(3) Agricultural machinery and equipment are widely used, and agricultural production efficiency has been greatly improved.

Agricultural machinery is the wing of agricultural production, which is very important to improve agricultural production efficiency. Since 2012, small and medium-sized agricultural machinery such as cultivators, combine harvesters, automatic feeders and oxygen generators have been widely used, and the total power of agricultural machinery has increased year by year. According to statistics, in 2021, the total power of agricultural machinery in China reached 1.08 billion kilowatts, an increase of 50 million kilowatts compared with 2012, with an average annual growth of 0.6% from 2013 to 2021. The wide application of agricultural machinery has promoted the mechanization rate of agricultural production in China. According to the statistics of relevant departments, in 2021, the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest in China exceeded 71%[8], among which the comprehensive mechanization rates of wheat, corn and rice reached 97%, 90% and 84% respectively; The mechanization rate of animal husbandry and aquaculture reached 36% and 32% respectively, and China’s agricultural production has entered a new development stage dominated by mechanization.

Five, the agricultural management mode has been further changed, and modern agriculture is more dynamic.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has actively cultivated new agricultural production and management entities, vigorously supported agricultural socialized services, and new agricultural industries and new formats have emerged one after another. Digital technologies such as big data and Internet of Things are widely used in agricultural production, and the leading role of science and technology in supporting agriculture continues to increase. With the help of modern science and technology, ancient agriculture is full of vitality.

(A) A large number of new agricultural production and operation entities have emerged, and the field of agricultural socialized services has been continuously expanded.

With the in-depth development of China’s market economy, the division of agricultural production services has become more refined, and the number of new agricultural production and management entities such as farmers’ professional cooperatives and family farms has increased rapidly. By the end of 2021, there were more than 1 million farmers’ professional cooperatives and nearly 890,000 family farms in China. While the number of new agricultural business entities is increasing, the scope of its socialized service is also expanding, from farming trusteeship to spraying pesticides, from seedling breeding to harvesting and sowing by machine, the functions of agricultural socialized service are constantly enriched, which has effectively stabilized agricultural production. The main body of new agricultural management has played an important role in applying new technologies, popularizing new varieties and opening up new markets, and is becoming a new force leading the development of modern agriculture.

(2) New industries and new formats are developing vigorously, and modern agriculture has added new kinetic energy.

With the continuous improvement of agricultural industrialization, the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries has deepened, and new agricultural production modes such as facility agriculture, soilless culture, sightseeing agriculture and precision agriculture have developed rapidly. By the end of 2021, the number of agricultural facilities such as greenhouses, greenhouses and small and medium-sized sheds in China reached more than 28 million, and the protected agriculture covered an area of more than 38 million mu. New agricultural production modes, such as facility agriculture and soilless culture, have broken through the limitation of natural resources, changed the seasonality of agricultural production, broadened the temporal and spatial distribution of agricultural production, and provided rich fresh fruits and vegetables for urban and rural residents. At the same time, new agricultural formats such as contract farming, rural e-commerce, live video and cold chain logistics are in the ascendant. In 2021, more than 1 million farmers sold agricultural products through the Internet, and more than 500,000 farmers carried out leisure agriculture and rural tourism, which provided surging impetus for improving agricultural quality and efficiency, increasing farmers’ income, and rural development and innovation.

(3) Modern information technology has been widely used, and the contribution rate of agricultural science and technology progress has been continuously improved.

With the rapid development of science and technology, agricultural production has entered the historical intersection of informationization and modernization, and frontier technologies such as bioengineering and gene editing have been widely used in crop breeding. Next-generation information technologies such as Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain are deeply integrated with industries such as planting, animal husbandry and fishery. Digital agriculture and smart agriculture are becoming important driving forces for the transformation and upgrading of agricultural production to modernization, and science and technology are playing an increasingly important role in agricultural production. According to the data of relevant departments, in 2021, the contribution rate of China’s agricultural science and technology progress exceeded 60%[9], which was 7.0 percentage points higher than that in 2012. The overall level of China’s agricultural science and technology has entered the first phalanx from the second phalanx in the world, and the main crop varieties have basically achieved full coverage. Promoting agriculture through science and technology and helping agriculture through science and technology have become the main theme of modern agriculture.

Six, rural construction continued to advance, the rural landscape and living environment improved significantly.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the state has further increased investment in rural infrastructure, focusing on promoting the construction of infrastructure such as water circuits and telecommunications that are convenient for people’s production and life, and the conditions of rural infrastructure have improved significantly. Vigorously promote rural environmental improvement, the rural environment has changed from clean and tidy to beautiful and livable, and the rural landscape and living environment have continued to improve.

(A) rural infrastructure is more perfect, and production and life are more convenient.

The construction of public infrastructure in rural areas has been steadily promoted, and rural production and life have become more convenient and faster. Rural areas have basically achieved comprehensive electricity, roads and telephones, and the quality of roads in the village has been continuously upgraded. By the end of 2021, 87.3% of villages had access to public transport; 99.1% of the main roads entering the village are cement or asphalt; 97.4% of the main roads in the village are cement or asphalt. The informatization construction in rural areas continued to advance. By the end of 2021, 99.0% of villages had broadband Internet access, and 94.2% had installed cable TV. The continuous improvement of rural infrastructure has effectively promoted the development of agricultural production. By the end of 2021, there were more than 330,000 villages with e-commerce distribution sites, and nearly 50,000 villages with leisure agriculture and rural tourism reception, which significantly improved the production and living conditions in rural areas.

(2) The living environment in rural areas has been continuously improved, and the countryside has become more beautiful and livable.

The state attaches great importance to rural work and actively promotes the construction of beautiful and livable villages. The 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China formally put forward the strategy of rural revitalization, and the rural living environment has been significantly improved. By the end of 2021, 96.3% of the village domestic garbage was treated centrally or partially. The rural toilet revolution has been solidly promoted, the quality of rural toilet improvement has been continuously improved, and the toilet penetration rate of rural health households has reached 77.5%. The state has promoted the tasks of rural domestic waste sewage treatment as a whole, and the level of rural domestic sewage treatment has been continuously improved. By the end of 2021, 47.6% of village domestic sewage was treated centrally or partially.

(3) Basic public services in rural areas have been continuously improved, and people’s livelihood security has become more powerful.

The country has strengthened the construction of rural medical and health service system, and the rural medical and health situation has been greatly improved. By the end of 2021, the number of township health centers reached 35,000, and towns with health centers accounted for 90.8% of the total number of towns and villages in China; There are 599,000 village clinics, and each village has at least one clinic on average. In 2020, there will be 52 rural health technicians per 10,000 people, 18 more than in 2012; There are 21 rural practicing (assistant) doctors per 10,000 people, 7 more than in 2012. The state has continuously increased its efforts to help the poor and support agriculture, made historic achievements in tackling poverty and eliminated absolute poverty. For low-income people who have lost their ability to work, such as widows, orphans and disabled people, they should be guaranteed and supported. In 2021, the number of rural residents with minimum living security was 34.74 million, a decrease of 18.71 million compared with 2012; In 2020, there will be 3.72 million people supporting the Five Guarantees in rural areas and 740,000 people supporting the Five Guarantees in rural areas in a centralized way, which will provide medical care and a sense of security for the elderly, making the livelihood of farmers more powerful.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, agricultural production has made historic achievements and the rural landscape has undergone historic changes. However, we should also see that China’s agricultural foundation still needs to be consolidated, the independent innovation ability of key agricultural technologies such as seeds still needs to be improved, and the environmental carrying capacity of agricultural production resources is not strong; There are still weak links in rural infrastructure, public services and human settlements. To this end, we must unswervingly deepen reform and open wider to the outside world, unswervingly adhere to the policy of giving priority to the development of agriculture and rural areas, continuously increase capital investment and policy support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and work hard to promote the modernization of agriculture and rural areas and fully realize the goal of rural revitalization.

Note:

[1] The gross output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery includes five parts: agriculture (planting), forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery and auxiliary activities, calculated at the current price, the same below.

[2] The growth rate of the total output value is calculated at comparable prices, and if the growth rate of other indicators is not indicated, it is calculated at current prices.

[3] The proportion of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery in the total output value is calculated by the current output value, the same below.

[4] Agriculture and related industries refer to agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and the secondary and tertiary industries whose products are used by agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, directly using their products and relying on their resources, including all economic activities formed by the production, processing, manufacturing, circulation and service of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery.

[5] In 2012, the number was "main business income", and in 2018, "operating income" was used instead of "main business income".

[6] Per capita grain possession refers to the average grain quantity per population in a certain period of time, including output, net import and inventory.

[7] Including the output of garden fruits and melons and fruits.

[8] Agricultural mechanization indicators such as the comprehensive mechanization rate of crop cultivation and harvest come from the "14 th Five-Year Plan" National Agricultural Mechanization Development Plan.

[9] The data comes from the official website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs.

????At that time (in the late 1980s), Qingdao’s commerce had actually reached a point where it was necessary to change. Failure to change may mean being eliminated, and there may be hope for survival if it is changed. It is better to change early than late, and it is better to change than not to change.

????-Meng Guangyao

????There is no queue for shopping here, there is no counter, and you don’t need to go through a salesperson to buy things. You can choose from the shelves yourself. There are many goods that department stores can’t buy. Fresh shopping methods attracted many people to watch.

????Supermarket, that’s what people called it at that time. Many years later, when large supermarkets have opened all over the city, people will still remember this earliest "supermarket".

????The medical supply supermarket opened in 1984, which was the year when Qingdao was listed as an open coastal city. At that time, supply and marketing cooperatives, department stores, grocery stores and grain stores with a single format were the main channels for people to buy daily necessities, and the supply of many items was fixed, and they had to be purchased by ticket.

????However, today, 30 years later, supermarkets, convenience stores, specialty stores, online shopping, TV shopping, direct sales, etc. have appeared one after another. There are hundreds of thousands of commercial outlets in the city, covering all corners of urban and rural areas. You can buy whatever you want without even leaving your home.

????■ test the water

????Customers in supermarket don’t know how to pay.

????The creativity of supermarket originated from an experimental reform. In the early 1980s, the Provincial Department of Commerce decided to follow the advanced experience of foreign shopping malls, make experimental reform on the traditional business model, and establish a large supermarket, that is, remove the counters and let customers choose their own products.

????In the memory of Pan Yuxi, then general manager of Qingdao Medical Service, there were two places for reform at that time, one in Jinan, the provincial capital, and the other in Qingdao. After receiving this task, the former Municipal Bureau of Commerce attached great importance to it, screened the commercial retail outlets in the whole city, and finally selected the supply company of the sanatorium in Badaguan Scenic Area (referred to as "medical supply"). In fact, the medical supply was mainly responsible for the supply of vegetables and non-staple food in the surrounding sanatoriums, mostly purchased by groups, and retail sales only accounted for a small part of the turnover.

????"First, because the hardware conditions here are better, there are enough spacious shopping malls to use, and then the surrounding residents have a higher level, better quality and higher consumption power." Pan Yuxi said that after receiving the task, they began intense preparations. First, the downstairs lobby was vacated, painted and maintained, and then the shelves were purchased according to the requirements of the new business model.

????At that time, the horizontal frozen containers and open shelves necessary for supermarkets were not produced by domestic manufacturers. In order to start business as soon as possible, the Commercial Bureau decided to allocate funds and send people to Japan for procurement. Not long after, eight huge containers and shelves came back across the ocean. At the same time, the company organized large-scale procurement of goods. Buyers have gone to great pains to travel all over the world, transporting the goods of famous brands from all over the country back to Qingdao.

????The new cashier method is the key to the supermarket, but it is a strange job and no one has touched it. In order to operate normally after opening, with the consent of the Commercial Bureau, the mall specially sent personnel to Beijing Institute of Commercial Science and Technology to learn the specific operation of the cashier. A group of five people not only received training, but also brought back four Japanese cash registers purchased in the institute.

????On September 30, 1984, the medical supply supermarket was officially listed and opened. Pan Yuxi said that the lively scene after the opening was greatly unexpected. The quiet streets in the past suddenly became crowded with people, and not only the residents around came to buy them, but also the residents from other districts came here. Soon all Qingdao people knew that there was a supermarket where they could help themselves.

????Pan Yuxi, who is over 80 years old, still remembers that the supermarket has just opened. Many people came in to buy things and didn’t know how to pay. The mall had to send a shopping guide to guide the citizens to pay at the cashier’s desk. The mall of more than 400 square meters was equipped with more than 40 staff members. It takes a lot of manpower to load goods and code, and everyone works hard.

????In fact, the medical supply supermarket attracts the public not only with brand-new consumption patterns, but also with rich commodities. "We transfer goods all over the country, and there are many things that other department stores don’t have, especially high-end spices. Many hotels buy them here." Pan Yuxi said that whenever the Chinese New Year comes, people come in line to snap up the scarce commodities such as chickens, ducks and pork chops.

????In the late 1980s, the popularity of supermarkets reached its peak, and foreign teachers and experts from neighboring counties and even Yantai, Weihai and Jinan often came here to buy food in large quantities on weekends.

????Pan Yuxi said that there was no electronic monitoring and no alarm system at that time. Soon after the opening, it was found that the goods began to be missing and people had to "stare at it". Faced with this situation, people have different views on whether to stick to it. Some people think that the quality of Chinese people is poor and it is too early to run a supermarket. However, some people insist on doing it. Their view is that consumption needs to be guided, and the quality will be gradually improved. Self-service supermarkets are the trend of consumption, and we should not give up eating because of choking. In the end, the idea of sticking to it prevailed and the supermarket was able to survive.

????The supermarket for medical treatment has been booming for about 10 years. Later, with the deepening of reform and opening up, many supermarkets opened one after another, and it gradually lost its former style and stopped operating in 2000.

????■ format

????A thousand stores, a department store, a face

????At the time of testing the water in the medical supermarket, the department store format at that time was actually "one thousand stores". From the business scope to the layout of goods, from staff training to service management, all state-owned stores are almost the same. On the first floor, daily necessities are sold, on the second floor, needle cotton products are sold, on the third floor, household appliances are sold, and on the fourth floor, silk fabrics are sold. Each floor is filled with shelves against the wall, in front of which are counters more than one meter high. Customers stand outside the counter when they buy things, and the salesman takes the goods from the shelf. When the goods are sold, they are generally not returned. At that time, the salespeople were all blue uniforms and cold faces, and buying things depended on the mood and face of the salespeople.

????In 1970, Zhang Shusen, who had just been employed, became a salesman in Liaoning Road Department Store. At that time, the department store was more than 100 square meters, selling only small department stores such as daily necessities, clothing and fabrics. In that era of material shortage and supply shortage, the country was still implementing "unified purchase and marketing, planned supply", and the goods in short supply were in short supply, especially the large household goods such as sewing machines, watches, bicycles and radios, which were called "three turns and one ring" at that time, and they had to rely on specially distributed tickets for shopping, otherwise they could not be bought with money.

????Zhang Shusen said that he saved 10 yuan from his monthly salary of 21 yuan. After standing at the counter for a year, he finally saved 120 yuan, applied to the unit for a watch ticket many times, and queued up at the Hengdeli Watch Store on Zhongshan Road overnight to buy his first watch.

????From Liaoning Road Department Store to People’s Market Department Store on Market Second Road, then to Qingdao Department Store, and finally retired from domestic products, he has worked for several large department store retail groups for decades. In Zhang Shusen’s memory, in the 1970s and 1980s, there was only one shopping street on Zhongshan Road in Qingdao, which was also the most prosperous place for business, but there were no large shopping malls of this scale. Only the Qingdao No.1 department store located at the southern end of Zhongshan Road was considered as an upper-grade shopping mall at that time, and the old-fashioned domestic products located at the northern end had a business area of more than 2,000 square meters at that time. The others were Qianxiangyi, Shengxifu, Hendry, women’s and children’s stores and so on.

????■ change

????Liqun takes the lead in joint-stock system reform.

????In 1984, things are changing. The firm prices in the shops began to be adjusted frequently, and the prices of individual commodities were even adjusted once a month … At that time, Zhang Xiancun, who worked as a counter salesman in Laoshan Department Store, was transferred to the business unit of the shopping mall, and he felt the atmosphere of marketization from the fluctuating commodity prices. During this period, Qingdao commerce is brewing a reform.

????Zhang Shusen’s city department store, which relies on "management meals", was the first to usher in the transitional reform. Within three years, it gradually revoked the government’s financial allocation and turned into self-management and self-financing, while still assuming the department store management function.

????At the same time, in order to enliven the economy, state-owned stores introduced the contract responsibility system, and employees could sign up for the election of store leaders independently, and the original rigid management system began to break. In 1984, in the reform of the first batch of pilot enterprises in the city, Xu Gongzao, the current chairman of Liqun Group, and Li Liming, the current chairman of Qingdao Haibin Food Co., Ltd., were elected as general managers.

????In the view of Zhang Xiancun, the current chairman of Qingdao Weekly Group, the most obvious change after the reform is that enterprises have funds for self-development and the incentive mechanism has changed the disadvantages of "big pot". At the same time, competition, the basic feature of market economy, is increasingly prominent.

????In the spring of 1988, 24-year-old Zhang Xiancun became the deputy manager of Laoshan Department Store, and Lao took the lead in advertising car bodies in Qingdao business circles. On the shuttle bus No.3 and No.9, Zhang Xiancun’s creative slogan-"Welcome to Laoshan Department Store on every Tuesday" is particularly eye-catching.

????"At that time, some attempts were made in Qingdao’s commercial reform, but the intensity was still not enough. In fact, Qingdao’s business has reached a point where it must be changed. If it is not changed, it may mean being eliminated. If it is changed, there may be hope for survival. It is better to change early than late, and it is better to change than not to change. " Meng Guangyao, former director of Qingdao Finance Office and now president of Qingdao Commercial Federation, said.

????Liqun department store took the first step of restructuring, and in 1988 it became the first batch of pilot joint-stock reform enterprises in China. "But what is the’ shareholding system’, no one has made it clear, and management and operation almost follow the old path." In 1992, influenced by various subjective and objective factors, the economic benefits of Liqun declined seriously, and Xu Gongzao was ordered to be transferred from the municipal department store to Liqun as the "helm". He said that Beijing Tianqiao Department Store, which was a pilot of the same batch of shareholding system reform at that time, had begun to advance towards the real shareholding system model. They decided to go to Beijing to "learn from the classics" and establish a modern enterprise system, and Liqun Department Store was full of vitality.

????At that time, Zhang Xiancun, who was in charge of this matter at Laobai, was in a hurry. "If you step by step, you will definitely not catch the" first bus "of the pilot in the application time. In order to seize the opportunity, he decided to go beyond the declaration. After active efforts, the Municipal Commission for Economic Restructuring finally added the number of pilot units to 13, and Laobai successfully boarded the pilot "first bus". In the year after the company’s shareholding system reform, sales exceeded 100 million yuan.

　　CCTV News:General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China thatYoung children have education, learning and teaching, earning from hard work, getting medical treatment for illness, providing for the old, living and supporting the weak.New progress has been made in the world to ensure that all people have more sense of gain in building and sharing development.

　　In the future, how will these seven aspects of work be promoted? What changes will it bring to people’s lives? On October 22nd, ministers and directors of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Health and Family Planning Commission gave a detailed explanation at the press conference. Find the answer from their "good voice" together ↓ ↓

　　Have a baby.

　　Chen Baosheng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Education:

　　By 2020, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education (that is, kindergartens) will reach 85%, and now it is 77.4%; Inclusive kindergartens account for more than 80% of kindergartens, and now it is more than 60%.

　　The stage of compulsory education is mainly a balanced development. Standardized development, integrated development, efforts to resolve the "school choice fever" and "large class size", by 2020, large class size must be completely eliminated. To solve the problem of students’ excessive academic burden, it is especially necessary to solve the problem of reducing the burden on schools and increasing the burden outside schools.

　　Learn to teach.

　　Chen Baosheng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Education:

　　The construction of teaching staff is very important to improve the quality of education and train qualified builders and successors. Therefore, we should study and put forward opinions on strengthening the construction of teachers, formulate relevant policies and measures, and mobilize teachers’ enthusiasm for education.

　　We are fighting a tough battle to popularize high school education in an all-round way. By 2020, the gross enrollment rate in high school will reach over 90%. The gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 50%, and now it is 42.7%.

　　By 2020, the college entrance examination enrollment system with China characteristics will be established, because it is a baton. We will continue to do this work, and the establishment of this system will lead to a series of institutional reform measures.

　　You get what you earn.

　　Yin Weimin, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security:

　　In the next step, we will conscientiously follow the general requirements for employment in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, that is, to achieve higher quality and full employment.

　　First, we should continue to adhere to the employment priority strategy and active employment policy, especially to combine employment policy with macroeconomic policy, industrial policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy. In the process of economic development, we should create more jobs, especially some high-quality jobs.

　　Second, vocational skills training should be carried out on a large scale to improve the ability of workers to find jobs and change jobs.

　　Third, we must continue to insist on entrepreneurship to promote employment. In recent years, why the employment situation has been relatively stable is that many college graduates, migrant workers and returnees are starting businesses. Entrepreneurship has a multiplier effect on employment, so we should support it.

　　Fourth, we must safeguard the rights and interests of workers, especially the equal employment system.

　　Finally, we still need to provide high-quality and efficient employment services, especially increasing Internet services, so that every worker who is willing to work can get help and support from the government in the public service system.

　　Have a doctor for the disease

　　Li Bin, Party Secretary and Director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission:

　　In the next step, we will further deepen the reform of the medical and health system and promote the sinking of resources through the new mechanism of various forms of medical consortia that we are now establishing, so as to promote the radiation and promotion of superior resources of medical services to difficult areas. On the one hand, through our counterpart support to poor areas; On the other hand, by training local medical talents free of charge, including college students, the number of medical talents in these poverty-stricken areas will be increased and their quality will be improved.

　　We should continue to strengthen the protection of people’s livelihood and expand the scope of contracted services of family doctors. Our current coverage is 430 million people, and we will continue to expand this scope. In particular, we must achieve full coverage of family doctor contract services for the poor, and some families with difficulties, chronic diseases and elderly people should focus on coverage.

　　It is necessary to increase the intensity of health poverty alleviation and expand the types of diseases that are centrally treated. Now we have concentrated on treating nine kinds of serious diseases, and the next step is to expand the scope of diseases. For deep poverty-stricken areas, it is necessary to focus on tackling key problems and solve the problems of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness.

　　the elderly will be properly looked after

　　Yin Weimin, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security:

　　To solve the problem of how everyone can participate in the old-age insurance, it is necessary to fully implement the national insurance plan, which can register the specific situation of all uninsured people. Through this plan, those who are not insured will be mobilized to participate in the old-age insurance system.

　　There are many measures to solve the problem of sustainable development of funds. First, the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance should be realized as soon as possible, and the first step will be taken next year. First, the central adjustment system of basic old-age pension can balance the burden of old-age insurance among different regions. Because our country is relatively large, regional development is very uneven, and the degree of aging is also very different; Second, the State Council has made a decision on the investment and operation of pension funds. Now, eight provinces have entrusted the National Social Security Foundation to invest and operate, with more than 400 billion yuan, which will enable the accumulated pension funds to maintain and increase their value; Third, allocate state-owned assets to enrich the social security fund, so that the social security fund can become larger and larger.

　　Have a place to live.

　　Wang Menghui, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development:

　　In the next step, we will adhere to the goal of regulation and control, and maintain the continuity and stability of the policy. In particular, in accordance with the general secretary’s proposal, we should adhere to the positioning that "houses are for living, not for speculation" and accelerate the establishment of a housing system with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase.

　　According to my personal opinion, by the middle of this century, we will build a socialist modern power, at least we will achieve the living environment and living conditions reaching the advanced level in the world at that time, that is to say, all the people mentioned in the report will live in a proper place. This is only a basic condition. We should not only live in a place, but also live in a beautiful environment, that is, to build a beautiful China. At the same time, we must make our living facilities more convenient and complete, so that our people can live a happier life and have a stronger sense of acquisition.

　　Help the weak.

　　Huang Shuxian, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs:

　　The first is to comprehensively improve the rescue guarantee system. The State Council promulgated the interim measures for social assistance, defined the "8+1" social assistance system, established a comprehensive temporary assistance system, comprehensively promoted medical assistance for serious and serious diseases, and coordinated the assistance and support system for urban and rural poor people.

　　(At present, the structure of the complete system of social assistance in China can be simply summarized by a formula — — “8+1”。 8 refers to "minimum security, support for destitute people, disaster relief, medical assistance, education aid, housing assistance, employment assistance and temporary assistance"; 1, is the participation of social forces. The first eight items are government actions and the last one is social participation, which together constitute a complete social assistance system. )

　　The second is to steadily improve the level of assistance and security. The financial funds used by governments at all levels for social assistance have increased from more than 180 billion yuan in 2012 to 250 billion yuan in 2017, and this figure has also increased year by year.

　　Third, the management of assistance and security was constantly standardized, and the information of household registration vehicles, bank deposits, securities and property, housing security and other aspects was compared with relevant departments, which improved the accuracy of the identification of assistance objects and achieved accurate assistance.

　　Shandong Jujube Steamed Bread: Steamed Bread bigger than the face in the canteen in the West District. One person in the dormitory takes food, and one big steamed bread feeds the whole dormitory.

　　Bamboo tube rice: soft and delicious, with the fragrance of bamboo and rice, which ensures the original nutritional value.

　　Crayfish rice: 30 peeled lobster tails, spicy, curry and thirteen flavors, and even fried eggs are in the shape of loving you.

　　"Peel the salted egg yolks one by one, crush them, add pork floss, sesame oil and lard, then knead them into the shape of egg yolks and add them to the green group … …” On the eve of Tomb-Sweeping Day, the Youth League launched in the dining hall of Renmin University of China has become "online celebrity" again, and netizens have forwarded and commented that they want to eat. This is another "online celebrity" after the moon cake, steamed bread bigger than the face and double ninth festival cake. Why does the "online celebrity School" keep pouring out in university canteens? How are these delicious meals cooked? Beijing Youth Daily reporter visited this.

　　Pumpkin bread stuffed with bean paste, bamboo rice and grilled fish in the east dining hall, New Year’s gift box in the central dining hall, Shandong jujube steamed bread bigger than the face in the west dining hall, Chongyang cake, pumpkin stuffed bread, crayfish rice, Qingtuan and Dongtai fish soup noodles in the north dining hall … … Teacher Song Dawei, the general manager of China Renmin University Logistics Group, combed the delicious food that spread from the school cafeteria to the Internet and was a smash hit. "There are already as many as ten." Why are these so-called "online celebrity Pie" dishes so popular? According to the investigation by the reporter of Beiqing Daily, behind a "online celebrity School", there are many people’s contributions.

　　survey

　　The "canteen iron powder ball" is designed to "pick holes" for dishes.

　　As a sophomore this year, Zhang Shuzhi joined the "iron powder group in the canteen", where he can deeply participate in the promotion of new dishes, the promotion of dishes and the tasting of dishes in the canteen, and at the same time enjoy the VIP treatment and participate in cooking demonstration classes and practical classes. The logistics group will also hold lectures on cooking techniques and give live demonstrations of cooking for "iron powder" from time to time; Conduct cooking practice classes or organize "iron powder" to hold cooking skill competitions and other activities.

　　Wei "Warm People’s Congress", the logistics officer of the National People’s Congress, started the "Recruitment Order for Food Lovers" this year, and specially called "students who can eat and eat" to try dishes in the canteen. Zhang Shuzhi was selected as the first batch of "iron powder" because he actively left a message in the background of "Warm People’s Congress". "Speaking of ‘ Warm people’s congress ’ This public number is also one of the public numbers with the largest number of fans in our school. "Zhang Shuzhi said that this is not only a" message board "for NPC students to express their opinions, but also a window for outsiders to understand the" online celebrity School "of NPC.

　　So far, Zhang Shuzhi has given a lot of "constructive suggestions" to the canteen, including "How to make the Youth League more waxy" and "How much peanuts in Regan Noodles taste better". He "@" asked the director of the canteen in Weibo, and would also mention in the window when cooking, "Although I can’t see the cooking process of the kitchen, I can obviously feel the change of taste when I eat next time, which means that my opinions are not in vain".

　　"Food is the most important thing for the people, and students’ food is our day". Wang Ruorong, director of the North District Dining Hall, is not only the spokesman of online celebrity food, but also the famous "Director Weibo". He often interacts with students at the Weibo, and he is always "clear" about which dishes are salty and which ones are weak. This is not enough. Wang Ruorong hopes to hear more "first-line" opinions, so he goes from "online" to "offline" and stands in the crowd every day at the peak of eating to capture students’ evaluation information on dishes.

　　Chefs in various canteens are "more energetic" than craftsmanship.

　　Master of State Banquet in the Great Hall of the People, Chef Tan Jiacai of Beijing Hotel, members of the French Chef’s Association, and even a team of chefs who hold the Guinness World Record have all been to Renmin University to show their specialties on the spot. This is one of the series activities of "Guest Chef RUC" in the dining hall of the National People’s Congress — — "Guest Chef RUC" activity, that is, inviting elites from the catering industry in society and universities to come to the school for exchange. The directors of the five canteens of the National People’s Congress are "struggling" in their hearts and want to invite better chefs to let the students have a good meal. The chef in the canteen is also "straining a string". Every time, he has to learn two skills from foreign chefs and cook them for students in his own school.

　　Not long ago, Yang Guoqiang, the chef of the First Normal University who won the gold medal in many cooking competitions, was a guest at the National People’s Congress, showing the students two excellent dishes — — Kung pao chicken and sliced pork curry. Chang-hua He, the executive chef of the western dining hall, has learned a trick. "He is an authentic kung pao chicken, mainly because when preparing soup, the proportion of vinegar and sugar is just right, and the cooking temperature is also very important, and it will be cooked in seventeen or eighteen seconds. Then there is the ingredients, and the chicken leg tastes better. " He Changhua said that he would ask the students’ opinions next, and if everyone approved it, it would be promoted in the canteen in the future.

　　Dai Zhihui, the chef of the North District canteen, did something particularly "satisfying" last year — — Correct the name of Wuren moon cake. Last year, the Mid-Autumn Festival coincided with the 80th anniversary of the school, and the Mid-Autumn Festival mooncakes were upgraded to celebration mooncakes. Of course, Wuren mooncakes are indispensable. Dai Zhihui realized that to change the "stereotype" of Wuren moon cakes, we should start with "stuffing". First, he collected all kinds of making videos from the Internet, and then he began to prepare mooncake stuffing: peeling walnuts, pine nuts and melon seeds by himself, frying and baking, and then trying to taste crispy. After thirty or forty times, he finally found the "secret recipe". As soon as the improved "Soviet-style five-kernel mooncake" was released, it was snapped up. Although the salary earned at school is half that of the outside world, Dai Zhihui saw the students taking photos and praising them in Weibo and friends’ circles, and felt that their self-worth was realized. "I can get the recognition and respect of these high flyers, and my work is also motivated." On behalf of wisdom.

　　Building "online celebrity" depends on professional team "packaging"

　　From the moon cake for the anniversary of the National People’s Congress canteen to the Tomb-Sweeping Day Youth League, the planning scheme is inseparable from a name — — Song da me. Song Da I am the general manager of Logistics Group and the general planner of "online celebrity" food. From "how to make a good dish" to "how to package it" to "how to publicize it", he is all right. Some teachers say that he "wasted his talents" and he said that "it is to turn into spring mud to protect flowers". "Where do you think the university canteen is different from other canteens? It must be a cultural expression. Students come thousands of miles to study and eat something good, which is not only the satisfaction of taste buds, but also the emotional resonance. "

　　So there was a mooncake packaged with "Xiaofeng is red before it is red"; With the "to be no.1" packaged pig hand new year suit; With the upcoming "Thousand Miles of Water chestnut" as the name, the fresh meat stuffed green group of shepherd’s purse is available.

　　Of course, I am not alone in the struggle of Song Da. The food design and dissemination of the National People’s Congress relies on the "professional strength" of this top comprehensive university: the menu questionnaire survey conducted by the students in the canteen is processed by the teachers and students of the School of Statistics to screen out the most useful information; After the good food is out of the pot, the packaging will be handed over to the Art College; When it comes to new media propaganda, students from journalism school are the best choice. "The participation of students is not only exercise, but also deepens the understanding and recognition of school logistics work." Song Da, I said.

　　"To build a online celebrity, we must not only have authentic materials, but also emotional expressions, so that students can have an appetite." Hao Zuoshan, a second-year student majoring in Chinese painting at the Art College, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that every time before launching a new "online celebrity", Song Da always took the team to "see the model". The so-called model is a cooked dish. "First observe its shape and color, then understand its ingredients and production methods, and then take pictures.

　　view

　　Eating in the canteen has become an expectation.

　　"I haven’t ordered takeout for a long time." He Yan Liang of the 2015 College of Labor and Personnel told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that since the canteen is safe to eat, its taste is not inferior to that of other restaurants, and it is cheap, why not buy rice in the canteen? Li Huan of the Marxist Institute said with emotion that it is not the alarm clock that wakes her up every day, but the breakfast in the canteen in the West District. "The taste of bean noodle meatball soup is not worse than the snacks in Huguosi."

　　"Eating and eating, tears can’t help falling." An old alumnus wrote in Weibo that the school cafeteria gave her too much expectation.

　　"Missed the moon cake, missed the big steamed bread, missed the Chongyang cake, and now we are going to miss the Youth League". Many netizens left a message in the backstage of "Warm People’s Congress", saying that they hoped that some "online celebrity-style shared versions" could be produced in the canteen of the National People’s Congress, which would also be a kind of welfare for foreign school staff without meal cards. Otherwise, people’s canteens would always be "people’s canteens", but they would never eat them.

　　conversation

　　The canteen can also be kept.

　　The memory of a university

　　Dialogue: Wang Ruorong, author of "The Taste of the National People’s Congress" and director of the North District canteen.

　　Beiqing Daily: What’s the difference between the book "People’s Taste" and other cooking textbooks?

　　Wang Ruorong: There are many books related to cooking in the market, but few books related to college canteens. When I was writing this book, I specially combined recipes and food culture, and shared some chefs’ practical experience and students’ opinions. In the front of the chapter, I put a poem like "The spring vegetables under the mulberry are full of green beds, and the heart is green and tender, and the mustard moss is fat", hoping to reflect the cultural taste of the National People’s Congress.

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think the taste of NPC is?

　　Wang Ruorong: The taste of people’s congresses is different for everyone. For example, after 70, there are dishes that people like after 70, and after 80 and 90, there are their favorite tastes, including after 00 who will graduate in the future, which may not be the same as after 80 and 90. But one thing is certain, when it comes to the taste of the National People’s Congress, the first thing they think of must be the taste of the National People’s Congress canteen.

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think is the relationship between students’ feelings about the canteen and their impressions of the university?

　　Wang Ruorong: We often say that the meal in the university canteen is a youth meal, because some people will not eat the canteen often after graduation from university. University canteens have memories of their youth and the taste of their youth.

　　Since 2010, the alumni of the National People’s Congress have formed the tradition of returning to school for 20 years after graduation on October 3 every year. Before the annual party, the canteen will prepare the party menu according to the opinions of the alumni. So far, the hot dishes such as fish-flavored shredded pork and meat rolls have always been a must. The same recipe, the same smell, let them relive the university cafeteria.

　　This group/reporter Jing Liu

Researcher of Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, doctoral supervisor, and expert of government special allowance under the State Council. At present, he is the director of Taizhou Applied Technology R&D and Industrialization Center of China Academy of Sciences, the director of Ecological Professional Committee of China Soil Society, the vice chairman of Jiangsu Soil Society, the member of Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference, the director of jiangsu provincial party committee Population, Resources and Environment Committee of Jiu San Society, and the member of National Soil Quality Standardization Technical Committee. From 1981 to 1985, Huazhong Agricultural College obtained a bachelor’s degree in agronomy. From 1985 to 1988, he obtained a master’s degree from Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. From 1990 to 1993, he worked as a doctoral student and obtained a doctorate in science. Since 1988, he has been working in Nanjing Institute of Soil Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, mainly engaged in the research work in the fields of soil ecology and pollution ecology. More than 180 papers have been published, 3 monographs have been published, 2 international PCT patents have been applied for, and 47 national invention patents have been granted. He has won 4 provincial and ministerial level science and technology awards (including 2 individuals ranking first), 1 prize for cooperation between China Academy of Sciences and 1 prize for cooperation and innovation in Industry-University-Research, China. Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology and jiangsu provincial party committee Agriculture and Industry Office of the Communist Party of China jointly awarded the "Outstanding Scientific and Technological Expert of Jiangsu Project for Promoting Agriculture and Enriching the People".

As a member of "Jiu San" and Jiangsu Provincial Political Consultative Conference, I actively participated in the discussion of state affairs, made suggestions and performed my duties. In 2011, suggestions on degraded orchards in Fengxian County of Xuzhou were approved by Li Xueyong, then governor of Jiangsu Province. In 2014, suggestions on soil health were approved by President Yu Zhengsheng and Vice Premier Wang Yang. In 2010, he was awarded by the Central Committee of Jiu San Society as "Outstanding Member in the 65th Anniversary of the Founding of the Society", "Advanced Individual in Social Service in 2006-2010", "Advanced Individual in Social Service in 2011-2015", "Advanced Individual in Political Participation and Deliberation in 2011" and "Advanced Individual in Political Participation and Deliberation in 2014-2015"; In 2015, he won the "Excellent Social Situation and Public Opinion Information" award of Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference. In addition, he was awarded "advanced individual in participating in and discussing state affairs" and "advanced individual in social service" by Jiangsu Provincial Committee of Jiu San Society for many times.

First, take root in the front line of agricultural production, and write the paper on the earth to provide practical technology for increasing farmers’ income and sustainable agricultural development.

He has been engaged in the research on pollution ecology and soil ecology for a long time, actively researched and developed practical technologies that are in line with the actual needs of agricultural production, went deep into rural areas to carry out technical training and field guidance, improved the concept and level of farmers’ scientific farming, and carried out demonstration experiments on the application of continuous cropping diseases and soil degradation control technologies for typical crops according to the needs of farmers and agricultural enterprises in large-scale agricultural demonstration parks. It has made positive contributions to the sustainable development of agriculture and the increase of farmers’ income.

In view of the increasingly serious problems of soil degradation and quality and safety of agricultural products in China, the research group was led to deeply study the soil health problems in China, and an economic and practical ecological control technology system of green fertilization was developed. This technology breaks through the existing fertilization technology based only on crop demand, and initially establishes an ecosystem fertilization technology that meets both crop demand and soil biological demand. By enhancing the health and immunity of soil ecosystem, it improves the efficiency of nutrient absorption and utilization, and effectively inhibits soil continuous cropping diseases, thus significantly reducing the application amount of fertilizers and pesticides, improving the inherent quality of agricultural products and increasing farmers’ economic income.

Dong Yuanhua goes directly to the field for more than half of the days each year, and his trip involves more than 10 provinces. After six years of practice, the technical system can reduce the incidence of continuous cropping diseases from more than 20-80% to less than 10%, reduce the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by more than 20%, and increase the net efficiency by more than 1,000-5,000 yuan/mu in high-efficiency agricultural parks.

At the invitation of some local governments and Jiu San organizations, demonstration experiments on the application of green fertilization technology were carried out in view of the needs of farmers and enterprises in large-scale agricultural demonstration parks.

The application experiments in vegetable production in Jiangsu, Hebei, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, Hunan and other places can reduce the input of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by 20-50% per mu per season, reduce the incidence of continuous cropping diseases of vegetables from 20-80% to below 8%, and increase the net benefit above 1000 yuan. In 2010-2015, experimental demonstration bases of ecological regulation technology of green fertilization for vegetables were established in Suzhou and Changzhou respectively. The core demonstration area is 3200 mu. Cucumber, hawthorn, cowpea, small white gourd, corn, cauliflower, small green vegetables, cabbage, Chinese cabbage, etc. will increase production by 30-50% per mu every season, and the efficiency will increase by 1,000-3,000 yuan. In addition, in 2009-2015, demonstration experiments of green fertilization were carried out on vegetables in Jiangning of Nanjing, tomatoes in Donghai of Lianyungang, scallions in Xinghua of Taizhou, fragrant taro in Jingjiang of Taizhou and red taro in Jintan of Changzhou successively, and the net benefit per mu reached more than 1000 yuan. In addition to Jiangsu Province, from 2009 to 2013, demonstration experiments of green fertilization were carried out in wujiaqu city, Xinjiang, Chengde, Hebei, Changsha, Hunan and Haiyan, Zhejiang for large-scale intensive processing of tomatoes, carrots, potatoes, cabbage and Chinese cabbage, with a net increase of about 1000 yuan/mu. The application experiments of strawberries, apples, grapes, watermelons, walnuts, jujubes and other fruits were carried out in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Xinjiang and other places. The soil health of degraded orchards was quickly restored, the quality was significantly improved, the pesticide consumption was reduced by 30-50%, and the net benefit per mu was more than 500-1000 yuan.From 2009 to 2014, green fertilization experiments were carried out in the strawberry bases in Donghai County, Lianyungang, Jurong, Yixing and Wangting, Suzhou. The picking period was about one week earlier, the amount of chemical fertilizer was reduced by 15-30%, and the quality of strawberries was significantly improved, with a net benefit of 3,000-5,000 yuan per mu. From 2010 to 2015, a green fertilization experiment was carried out in the degraded apple orchard in Fengxian County, Xuzhou. The average yield per plant is 175 kg, the increase rate is more than 50%, and the efficiency per mu is more than 5,000 yuan. From 2009 to 2013, demonstration experiments of green fertilization of grapes and peaches were carried out in Changzhou and Zhenjiang. The yield per mu increased by more than 1000 yuan, and the gummosis of peach trees was obviously controlled. In addition, in 2009-2013, demonstration experiments on green fertilization of grapes, yellow peaches and oranges were carried out in Nanhu District and Haiyan City, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, respectively, with an increase of more than 800 yuan per mu. In 2009-2011, demonstration experiments on green fertilization of melons and watermelons were carried out in Wujiaqu, Xinjiang, with an increase of about 300-500 yuan per mu. In 2011-2013, a green fertilization experiment was carried out in the intensive jujube and walnut production base in Aksu, Xinjiang. In 2012-2013, experiments on green fertilization of apples and peaches were carried out in Tianshui. In 2013-2015, the green fertilization experiment of citrus and pomelo was carried out in Gannan, and the yield increased by 12-18%.

From 2011 to 2015, the relevant technologies were transformed and applied to more than 40 kinds of cash crops in eight places in four provinces of Jiangsu, Hebei, Xinjiang and Jiangxi, with a total area of 261,200 mu and an additional economic benefit of 331 million yuan. The technical system has been authorized by national invention patents for 20 pieces.

Two, actively participate in the "100 experts to the countryside", actively spread advanced scientific concepts and technologies, and make positive contributions to establishing the brand of social service activities of the Jiu San Society.　

According to farmers’ scientific needs, technical training and field guidance are carried out in rural areas every year, and grass-roots governments or agricultural professional cooperatives are cooperated in rural areas to train grass-roots administrative personnel and farmers on the concept and technology of green fertilization, so as to improve farmers’ concept and level of scientific farming. Actively participated in the "100 experts into the countryside action" of the Jiu San Society in jiangsu provincial party committee, and traveled all over Jiangsu Province, sending advanced, economical and practical technologies to farmers everywhere, and establishing 14 experimental demonstration sites for soil degradation remediation and green fertilization technology application in Changzhou, Suzhou, Taizhou, Xuzhou, Lianyungang and other cities.

Combined with the "100 experts into the countryside action" of the Jiu San Society in jiangsu provincial party committee, I used my research results to solve production problems, and conducted more than 10 training activities in Changzhou, Suzhou, Wuxi, Lianyungang, Xuzhou, Taizhou and other cities, and conducted dozens of field training instructions. For example, in March 2010, the training lecture on green fertilization of peaches in Luoyang town, Changzhou (210 people), in March 2010, the training lecture on green fertilization of vegetables in Xinghua, Taizhou (30 people), in October 2010, the on-site observation training on green fertilization of vegetable base in Xinyuan, Suzhou (100 people), in November 2010, the on-site consultation meeting on green fertilization technology of peaches in Jiangyin, Wuxi (40 people), and in 2010. On-site training on green fertilization of strawberries in Donghai County, Lianyungang in October 2010 (30 people), on-site training on green fertilization of tomatoes in Donghai County, Lianyungang in October 2009 (60 people), and lectures on green fertilization of vegetables and fruits in Jiangning, Nanjing in November 2009 (30 people). Lecture on Green Fertilization in Gushan Town, Jiangyin City in December 2011 (40 people). Soil health training in Jingjiang in April 2014 (30 people), soil health and green fertilization training for Malaysian fruit farmers in Zhangjiagang in April 2015 (30 people) and soil health training in Taicang in March 2016 (100 people).

In addition, at the invitation of the Jiu San Provincial Committee of Gansu Province, in November 2011, the apple production situation in Tianshui City was investigated, and more than 10 farmers were explained on the spot in the mountains. In the spring of 2012, they were invited to Tianshui to train fruit farmers on soil health and green fertilization (60 people). In the summer of 2012, at the invitation of Jiangxi Democratic League, we conducted an investigation on soil degradation in southern Jiangxi, and gave lectures on soil health to farmers and grassroots cadres (100 people).

Related activities have had a great social impact and have been well received by relevant local government departments, professional cooperatives and farmers. News media such as People’s Political Consultative Conference Daily, Tuanjie Daily, People’s Daily, China Political Consultative Conference News Network, CCTV 7, CCTV 2, Suzhou TV Station and Changzhou TV Station carried out special reports and reprints, which not only promoted the progress of farmers’ fertilization concept and technology, but also produced remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits, and played a positive role in the "100 experts’ action in rural areas" in 1993, which once again expanded the action of serving agriculture, countryside and farmers. Jiangsu Association for Science and Technology and jiangsu provincial party committee Agriculture and Industry Office of the Communist Party of China jointly awarded the "Outstanding Scientific and Technological Expert of Jiangsu Project for Promoting Agriculture and Enriching the People".

Three, actively participate in the discussion of state affairs, give full play to professional expertise, and submit high-quality proposals and information.

Actively participated in the political participation and deliberation work of the Provincial Committee of Jiu San Society, and wrote many proposals and information on soil pollution, resource development and utilization, efficient agriculture, energy conservation and emission reduction, which were adopted by the Central Committee of the Society and the Provincial Committee of the Society. In addition, he actively participated in the bidding topics and other research work of the Social Central Committee and the Social Provincial Committee, and was repeatedly awarded the advanced individual of the Social Central Committee and the Social Provincial Committee in participating in and discussing state affairs.

In 2003, the Social Central Committee launched the project bidding activity for the first time, combined with its own professional advantages and work accumulation, and submitted the project "Situation and Countermeasures of Soil Pollution in China" according to the national demand. After expert review, among 102 bids from 29 provincial organizations, 12 winning projects were identified, and this project won the bid. After winning the bid, under the direct leadership and support of the Social Provincial Party Committee, after more than three months of careful investigation and summary, the research task of this topic was completed on time, and the expected goal was achieved. The research report was submitted to the Social Center, and the proposal report and speech materials were drafted, which was adopted by the Social Center. The relevant proposal was submitted and delivered at the 2004 Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Conference, which was highly valued by the State Environmental Protection Administration, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and other departments. The research report and achievements have been highly praised by Chairman Han Qide and other social centers, provincial party committees and leaders.

As the director of the Special Committee on Population, Resources and Environment of the Social Provincial Party Committee, he actively organized the Special Committee to undertake or participate in the research projects of the Social Provincial Party Committee. In 2014, the Special Committee independently declared and undertook the research project of the Social Provincial Party Committee, "Countermeasures for Further Improving Soil Pollution Remediation in Jiangsu Province", and formed a proposal of "Suggestions on Further Improving Soil Pollution Prevention and Control in Jiangsu Province", which was submitted to the Provincial Party Committee and adopted. On this basis, it also formed information such as "Further Strengthening the Protection and Supervision of Soil Environment", which was adopted by the Social Provincial Party Committee and the Social Central Committee and was rated as "2013-2013" by the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference.

In addition, according to the characteristics of my own work, I submitted many pieces of information on the sustainable development of agriculture and the sustainable utilization of soil resources, which were adopted by the provincial party Committee and the social center. Among them, in 2011, the suggestion on the degraded orchards in Fengxian County of Xuzhou was approved by Li Xueyong, then governor of Jiangsu Province, and in 2014, the suggestion on soil health was approved by President Yu Zhengsheng and Vice Premier Wang Yang.

　　　　[XCAR overseas new car, original]

　　　　Recently, the official overseas officially released the official picture of the 2015 model and the Mondeo travel version. The appearance of the new car is exactly the same as the current model. It is reported that the car configuration has been upgraded and a new diesel engine has been added.

　 　 Tips: 2015 Ford Mondeo and Mondeo Travel Edition official pictures released; new car configuration and power have been adjusted

　 　 In terms of appearance, the new Mondeo and the travel version of the car have maintained the appearance elements of Ford’s current Mondeo, and have not made any adjustments. The car still uses the Ford "Martin" front face design, which is very recognizable. However, the body structure of the travel version is different from that of the regular version.

　　　　In terms of configuration, it is reported that the new Mondeo is equipped with a pedestrian detection system, which can be combined with a collision warning system to further ensure driving safety. The pedestrian detection system can help the vehicle stop when it detects the danger of collision through the camera at the windshield and the radar at the bumper. The new Mondeo also upgrades Ford’s adaptive LED headlights, inflatable seat belts, composite seats and other configurations.

　 　 In terms of power, it is understood that the new Mondeo adds a 2.0TDCi twin-turbo diesel engine with a maximum power output of 154kW (210Ps) and a peak torque of 450Nm. In addition, the official said that the new car has added hybrid system options in the European market. The hybrid system is composed of a 2.0L Atkinson cycle gasoline engine and an electric motor, with a comprehensive power of 137kW (187Ps) and a comprehensive fuel consumption of 4.2L for 100 kilometers. The capacity of the lithium-ion battery pack is 1.4kWh. Driving in pure electric mode, the maximum speed can reach 135km/h.

　 　 Editor’s comment:The popularity of the Mondeo model in China is self-evident, so the car should come to the domestic market soon after its release. If the price can remain unchanged and the configuration can be improved, it is very possible to continue its good sales trend.

　 　 Review of relevant content:
　 　　Ford’s domestic Edge will be launched in May next year and will launch a 7-seat version