China’s Foreign Trade

China’s Foreign Trade
(December 2011)
People’s Republic of China (PRC) the State Council press office

Catalogue

  Foreword
  I. Historical progress of China’s foreign trade
  Second, the reform and improvement of China’s foreign trade system
  Third, the contribution of China’s foreign trade development to the world
  Fourth, promote the basic balanced growth of foreign trade
  V. Building all-round mutually beneficial cooperative economic and trade relations
  VI. Realizing the Sustainable Development of Foreign Trade
  Concluding remarks

  Foreword
  Peace, development and cooperation are the trends of the world today. Since the reform and opening-up, China has followed the trend of economic globalization, continuously opened wider to the outside world, and actively carried out economic and trade cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. After years of development, foreign trade has become one of the most active and fastest growing parts of China’s economy, and China has also become one of the top trading countries in the world. The development of China’s foreign trade has closely linked China with the world, which has strongly promoted the modernization of China and the prosperity and progress of the world.
  China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001. In the past 10 years, the integration of China’s economy into the global economy has been accelerated, and the vitality of China’s foreign trade has been further enhanced. On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, the China government issued a white paper, giving a systematic introduction to China’s foreign trade.
  I. Historical progress of China’s foreign trade
  After the founding of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, it insisted on independence and self-reliance and gradually carried out foreign economic and trade exchanges. However, due to factors such as the international political environment and the domestic planned economic system at that time, the development of foreign trade was relatively slow.
  In 1978, China entered a new period of reform and opening up. Vigorously developing foreign trade has become an important way for China to speed up modernization, change its backward appearance, promote economic development and improve its comprehensive national strength. Over the past 30 years, China has taken advantage of the long-term prosperity of the world economy and the in-depth development of economic globalization to open wider to the outside world, attract foreign investment, introduce advanced technology, transform and upgrade domestic industries, and realize the leap-forward development of foreign trade in full participation in international division of labor and competition.
  -The total volume of trade in goods ranks among the top in the world. In 1978, the total import and export volume of goods in China was only US$ 20.6 billion, ranking 32nd in the world trade in goods, accounting for less than 1%. In 2010, the total import and export volume of goods in China reached US$ 2,974 billion, 143 times higher than that in 1978, with an average annual growth rate of 16.8%. Among them, the total export value was US$ 1,577.8 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 17.2%; The total import volume was US$ 1,396.2 billion, with an average annual increase of 16.4%. China’s total exports and imports accounted for 10.4% and 9.1% of the world’s goods exports and imports, respectively, and became the world’s largest exporter and second importer of goods for two consecutive years.

  -The trade structure of goods has undergone fundamental changes. China’s export commodity structure changed from primary products to manufactured goods in 1980s, and from textile products to electromechanical products in 1990s. Since the beginning of the new century, the export proportion of high-tech products represented by electronics and information technology has been expanding. In addition to state-owned enterprises, foreign trade business entities also include foreign-invested enterprises and private enterprises, whose total import and export volume has now exceeded that of state-owned enterprises. From 1980s to the beginning of this century, China’s processing trade developed vigorously, accounting for half of its foreign trade. In the development of China’s foreign trade, foreign-invested enterprises and processing trade have played a very important role.

  -forming an all-round and diversified import and export market pattern. After the reform and opening up, China has developed its foreign trade in all directions and established trade relations with most countries and regions in the world. Trading partners have grown from dozens of countries and regions in 1978 to 231 countries and regions at present. The European Union, the United States, ASEAN, Japan and BRICS countries have become China’s main trading partners. Since the new century, China’s trade with emerging markets and developing countries has been growing rapidly. From 2005 to 2010, the proportion of goods trade between China and ASEAN increased from 9.2% to 9.8% in China, from 4.9% to 6.9% in other BRICS countries, and from 3.5% and 2.8% to 6.2% and 4.3% in Latin America and Africa respectively.

  -The international competitiveness of service trade has been continuously enhanced. After joining the World Trade Organization, China’s service trade has entered a new stage of development, with rapid expansion of scale, gradual optimization of structure and ranking among the top in the world. The service trade in tourism, transportation and other fields is growing steadily, and the cross-border services and service outsourcing in the fields of construction, communication, insurance, finance, computer and information services, exclusive rights use fees and franchise fees, consulting and so on are growing rapidly. From 2001 to 2010, China’s total service trade (excluding government services) increased from $71.9 billion to $362.4 billion, an increase of more than four times. The proportion of China’s service trade exports in the world’s service trade exports increased from 2.4% to 4.6%, reaching $170.2 billion in 2010, rising from 12th to 4th in the world. The proportion of service trade imports increased from 2.6% to 5.5%, reaching $192.2 billion in 2010, rising from the 10th place in the world to the 3rd place.

  The development of foreign trade has strongly promoted the modernization of China, and China has grown into an open economy. Participating in international division of labor and competition, introducing advanced technology, equipment and management, and utilizing foreign direct investment have greatly promoted China’s technological progress and industrial upgrading, and improved its management level and market competitiveness. The rapid development of processing trade has brought into play the comparative advantage of abundant labor force in China and accelerated the process of industrialization and urbanization in China. Foreign trade directly drives more than 80 million employed people, of which more than 60% are from rural areas, and the income and life of employed people have been significantly improved. Together with domestic investment and consumption, foreign trade has become the three engines of China’s economic growth.

  The historical progress of China’s foreign trade is closely related to the development and changes of the international and domestic situation. Around 1980s, peace and development became the theme of the times. With the continuous advancement of economic globalization, the flow and allocation of capital, technology, products, markets, resources, labor and other factors in the world are more active. Scientific and technological progress led by information and communication has greatly improved production efficiency, and international industrial transfer has been deepened and developed. Economic globalization, scientific and technological progress, international industrial transfer and strengthening cooperation among countries have provided historic opportunities for China to integrate into the world economy. Following the trend of the times, focusing on economic construction, the government of China carried out reform and opening up, developed economic and technological cooperation with other countries, actively utilized foreign capital reasonably and effectively, and gave full play to its comparative advantages, which promoted the deepening of the division of labor in the international industrial chain and created favorable conditions for the development of foreign trade. In this process, foreign enterprises, especially multinational companies from developed countries, have gained a lot of investment opportunities in China, and their capital, technology, management experience and sales channels have increased in value, sharing the fruits of China’s rapid economic growth. The development of China’s foreign trade benefits from the reform and opening-up, from economic globalization, and from adhering to the road of mutual benefit, cooperation and win-win. The development of China cannot be separated from the world, and the prosperity and stability of the world cannot be separated from China.
  China is still a developing country. Compared with the world’s trade powers, China’s export industry is still at the low end of the global industrial chain, and the input of resources, energy and other factors and environmental costs are still relatively high, and the international competitiveness of enterprises and the anti-risk ability of some industries are relatively weak. It will be a long-term process to realize the transformation from a big trading country to a powerful trading country, and hard work is still needed.
  Second, the reform and improvement of China’s foreign trade system
  Before the reform and opening-up, China implemented mandatory planned management of foreign trade and the state was solely responsible for profits and losses. Since the reform and opening-up, China’s foreign trade system has undergone a transformation from mandatory planned management to giving full play to the basic role of market mechanism, from highly monopolized management rights to full liberalization, and from enterprises to independent management and self-financing. In the process of China’s negotiations to regain its status as a contracting party to the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and join the World Trade Organization, after China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, China’s foreign trade system gradually integrated with international trade rules and established a unified, open and multilateral foreign trade system.
  In the early days of reform and opening up, the reform of China’s foreign trade system was mainly to reform the single planned management system, decentralize foreign trade management and operation rights, implement the foreign exchange retention system and establish a foreign exchange swap market. The absorption of foreign direct investment has enabled foreign-invested enterprises to enter the foreign trade field as new business entities, breaking the monopoly of state-owned foreign trade enterprises. Since then, China has implemented the contract system for foreign trade operations, and gradually replaced mandatory plans with guiding plans. According to the general rules of international trade, the export tax rebate system has been established. In October 1992, China clearly put forward the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. According to this goal, the financial, taxation, finance, foreign trade and foreign exchange systems have been comprehensively reformed. In January, 1994, China government cancelled all financial subsidies for export, and the import and export enterprises became completely self-financing. The official exchange rate of RMB is merged with the market swap rate, and a single and managed floating exchange rate system based on market supply and demand is implemented. In the field of foreign trade management, enterprises have been privatized and the import and export agency system has been piloted. In the same year, the Foreign Trade Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) was officially promulgated and implemented, which established the principles of maintaining a fair and free foreign trade order and laid the basic legal system for foreign trade. In December 1996, China realized the convertibility of RMB under current account. At the same time, China has on many occasions significantly reduced tariffs and reduced non-tariff measures such as quotas and licenses. These reforms have enabled China to initially establish a market-based economy,Foreign trade management system and regulation system that give full play to economic leverage such as exchange rate, tax, tariff and finance.
  On December 11th, 2001, after 16 years of negotiations, China became the 143rd member of the World Trade Organization. According to the commitment of joining the World Trade Organization, China has opened wider to the outside world in the fields of industry, agriculture and service industry, and accelerated trade liberalization and trade and investment facilitation. In the process of fulfilling its commitments, China has deepened the reform of foreign trade system, improved the system of foreign trade laws and regulations, reduced trade barriers and administrative intervention, straightened out the government’s responsibilities in foreign trade management, promoted government behavior to be more open, fair and transparent, and pushed the open economy into a new stage of development.
  -accelerating the legalization of foreign economic relations and trade. After joining the World Trade Organization, China concentrated on cleaning up more than 2,300 laws, regulations and departmental rules. Those that do not conform to the rules of the World Trade Organization and China’s commitment to join the World Trade Organization shall be abolished or revised respectively. The newly revised laws and regulations have reduced and standardized the administrative licensing procedures, and established and improved the legal system of trade promotion and trade remedy. According to the Agreement on Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights of the World Trade Organization, China has revised the laws, regulations and judicial interpretations related to intellectual property rights, and basically formed a complete system of laws and regulations for the protection of intellectual property rights, which conforms to China’s national conditions and international practices.
  -further reducing tariffs and cutting non-tariff measures. During the transition period of China’s accession to the World Trade Organization, the general tariff level of China’s imported goods gradually decreased from 15.3% in 2001 to 9.9% in 2005. By January 2005, most of China’s tariff reduction commitments had been implemented. According to the commitment, since January, 2005, China has completely abolished the import quotas, import licenses, special tenders and other non-tariff measures for 424 tariff lines, and only retained the license management of products subject to import control according to international conventions and the rules of the World Trade Organization to ensure life safety and protect the environment. In 2010, the general tariff level in China has dropped to 9.8%, of which the average tax rate of agricultural products has dropped to 15.2% and the average tax rate of industrial products has dropped to 8.9%. The tariff binding rate has been maintained at 100% since 2005.
  -Fully liberalize the right to operate foreign trade. According to the newly revised Foreign Trade Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in 2004, since July, 2004, the China government has changed the foreign trade management right of enterprises from the examination and approval system to the filing and registration system, and all foreign trade operators can engage in foreign trade according to law. The cancellation of the examination and approval of foreign trade management rights has promoted the formation of diversified foreign trade management patterns of state-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises and private enterprises. While the import and export of state-owned enterprises and foreign-invested enterprises continue to grow, the foreign trade of private enterprises has developed rapidly, and the market share of import and export has continued to expand, becoming an important business entity of foreign trade. In 2010, the import and export of state-owned enterprises, foreign-invested enterprises and private enterprises accounted for 20.9%, 53.8% and 25.3% of China’s total import and export respectively.
  -Further opening up the service market. China has earnestly fulfilled its commitment to join the World Trade Organization, providing overseas service providers with a wide range of market access opportunities, including finance, telecommunications, construction, distribution, logistics, tourism and education. Among the 160 branches of the World Trade Organization’s service trade classification, China has opened 100 branches, and the scope of opening is close to the average level of developed countries. In 2010, 13,905 foreign-invested enterprises were newly established in China’s service industry, and the actual utilization of foreign capital was US$ 48.7 billion, accounting for 50.7% of newly established foreign-invested enterprises and 46.1% of the actual utilization of foreign capital in the non-financial sector.
  -Create a fairer market competition environment. By establishing and perfecting the legal system of fair trade and the law enforcement and supervision mechanisms, China has curbed and cracked down on unfair trade practices such as infringement, dumping, smuggling and disrupting market order in foreign trade operations, and strived to provide a relaxed, fair and stable market environment for domestic and foreign enterprises. In accordance with domestic laws and international trade rules, China government has strengthened early warning and monitoring, and at the same time, it has taken measures such as trade remedy and anti-monopoly investigation to correct unfair trade behaviors of trading partners and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of domestic industries and enterprises. In response to the international financial crisis, China, together with the international community, resolutely opposes any form of trade protectionism, strictly abides by the relevant provisions of the World Trade Organization, treats domestic and foreign products equally when implementing the economic stimulus plan, and promotes fair competition between domestic and foreign enterprises.
  By 2010, China had fulfilled all its commitments to join the World Trade Organization. China’s practical actions of earnestly fulfilling its commitments have been affirmed by most members of the World Trade Organization. In 2006, 2008 and 2010, the government of China accepted three trade policy reviews of the World Trade Organization. The basic principles of non-discrimination, transparency and fair competition advocated by the World Trade Organization have been integrated into the laws, regulations and relevant systems of China. Market awareness, openness awareness, fair competition awareness, the spirit of the rule of law and the concept of intellectual property rights are more deeply rooted in China, which has promoted the further opening of China’s economy and the further improvement of the market economic system.
  Third, the contribution of China’s foreign trade development to the world
  The development of China’s foreign trade not only promoted the modernization of China’s economy and the promotion of its comprehensive national strength, but also improved the living standards of more than 1.3 billion China people, and made China’s economy a part of the world economy, which promoted the development of economic globalization in a direction conducive to the common prosperity of all countries and regions in the world.
  Reform and opening up and active participation in economic globalization have made China one of the fastest growing economies in the world. In recent 10 years, China, together with other emerging economies, has become an increasingly important force to promote world economic growth. According to the data of the World Bank, China’s GDP in 2010 increased by 4.6 trillion US dollars compared with that in 2001, accounting for 14.7% of the increase of the world economy in the same period. China’s GDP accounted for 9.3% of the world economy. According to the data of the World Trade Organization, from 2000 to 2009, the average annual growth rate of China’s export volume and import volume was 17% and 15% respectively, which was much higher than the average annual growth rate of 3% of the world trade volume in the same period.
  China’s foreign trade took the lead in stabilizing during the international financial crisis, which promoted the global economic recovery. After the outbreak of the international financial crisis in 2008, the China government adopted a series of policies and measures to stimulate the economy, expand domestic demand and stabilize the scale of import and export. In 2009, the world’s imports of goods decreased by 12.8%, while China’s imports increased by 2.9%, making it the only country among the world’s major economies to maintain growth. The China factor has supported the exports of many crisis-hit countries, stimulated the demand of global commodity markets, boosted people’s confidence, and played a huge role in promoting the recovery and growth of the world economy. During the third trade policy review of China, the World Trade Organization pointed out that during the financial crisis, China played a constructive role in stimulating global demand and made important contributions to world economic stability.
  The development of China’s foreign trade has improved the national welfare of China and its trading partners. With the accelerated integration into the world division of labor system, China has gradually developed into a major producer and exporter of industrial products in the world, relying on its labor cost advantage, strong industrial support and processing and manufacturing capabilities, and constantly improving labor productivity, providing inexpensive goods for countries and regions around the world and meeting various demands in the international market. China’s advantages of scale economy and processing cost in the global manufacturing sector partially digested the price increase of upstream production factors, and played a role in curbing global inflation and improving the actual purchasing power of consumers in trading partners.
  The development of China’s foreign trade provides a broad market for its trading partners. Since 2001, China’s total import of goods has increased by about five times, with an average annual growth rate of about 20%. China’s rapidly expanding imports have become an important driving force for world economic growth, creating a huge market space for its trading partners to expand their exports. At present, China is the largest export market of Japan, South Korea, Australia, ASEAN, Brazil, South Africa and other countries, the second largest export market of the European Union, and the third largest export market of the United States and India. China’s industrialization and urbanization are advancing rapidly, and domestic demand continues to grow. The expanding and opening market will provide more and more development opportunities for trading partners.
  China is one of the developing countries that have opened their markets to the least developed countries to the greatest extent. As of July 2010, China has implemented zero import tariff on more than 4,700 items of goods originating from 36 least developed countries with diplomatic relations, accounting for about 60% of all tariff items. China has promised to continue to expand the scope of preferential treatment to the least developed countries that have established diplomatic relations, so that the goods subject to zero tariff will reach 97% of all tariff items. Zero tariff measures have promoted the exports of the least developed countries to China. Since 2008, China has been the largest export market for the least developed countries. In 2010, China’s total imports of goods from the least developed countries increased by 58% over the previous year, accounting for about a quarter of the total exports of these countries.
  China has fully participated in and promoted the reform of global economic governance mechanism. China government actively advocates "balance, mutual benefit and win-win" as the goal of multilateral trading system reform, and strives to promote the establishment of a fair and just new international economic and trade order. As a rapidly growing developing country, China has actively participated in international dialogue and cooperation mechanisms such as the G20 summit, the BRICS leaders’ meeting, and the Doha Round negotiations, and strived to assume international responsibilities commensurate with its own development level and national strength. China has continuously strengthened cooperation with emerging countries in the fields of economy, finance, trade and investment, and promoted the development of the international economic order in a just, rational and win-win direction.
  China strictly fulfills its international obligations on export control. China has always advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of all weapons of mass destruction and resolutely opposed the proliferation of such weapons and their means of delivery. The relevant laws of China clearly stipulate that necessary restrictions shall be taken on the import and export of fission and fusion substances or goods and technologies derived from such substances, as well as the import and export related to weapons, ammunition or other military materials. China has earnestly abided by international conventions on export control, fulfilled its non-proliferation commitments and made active efforts for international peace and regional stability. In recent years, the government of China has widely adopted internationally accepted norms and practices, and formed a complete export control system covering sensitive items and technologies such as nuclear, biological, chemical and missiles, which has provided a legal basis and institutional guarantee for better realizing the non-proliferation goal.
  Fourth, promote the basic balanced growth of foreign trade
  Whether a country’s foreign trade is surplus or deficit is mainly determined by its economic structure and the international competitiveness of its products or services. China does not deliberately pursue a surplus in foreign trade. China’s service trade has been in a certain deficit for a long time. China’s trade in goods was in deficit for most years before 1990. After 1990, with the large-scale undertaking of international industrial transfer, the competitiveness of manufactured goods increased, and the growth rate of exports exceeded that of imports, and China’s trade in goods changed from an overall deficit to an overall surplus. In 2005, China’s trade surplus of goods exceeded 100 billion dollars for the first time, and rose sharply for four years. In 2008, China’s trade surplus in goods reached an all-time high of $298.1 billion, and then gradually narrowed. In 2009 and 2010, the trade surplus of goods in China was US$ 195.7 billion and US$ 181.6 billion, respectively, down by 34.4% and 7.2% compared with the previous year. In 2010, the trade surplus of goods in China accounted for 6.1% of the total import and export volume and 3.1% of the GDP. Among the nine countries with the largest global trade balance (surplus or deficit), these two ratios of China are not on the high side.

  China’s trade surplus in goods reflects China’s position in international division of labor at the present stage. At present, China has great advantages in the processing and assembly of manufactured goods, and is the largest producer and exporter of industrial products. The United States and the European Union are the most important end consumer markets. As a large number of labor-intensive processing and assembly links have been transferred from Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, China and Hong Kong, China to China, the original surplus of these countries and regions to the United States and Europe has also been transferred to China. As a result, at present, China’s trade surplus of goods mainly exists between China-US trade and China-EU trade, while China has a long-term trade deficit with major producers of industrial intermediate products such as Japan, South Korea and ASEAN. In 2010, China’s trade surplus with the United States and the European Union was US$ 181.3 billion and US$ 142.8 billion respectively, while its trade deficit with Japan, South Korea and ASEAN totaled US$ 141.6 billion. Chinese mainland’s trade deficit with Taiwan Province was $86 billion. China needs to import a large number of primary products to produce and export manufactured goods, so its trade with some primary product exporting countries is in deficit. It is precisely at this stage that China’s manufacturing industry and service industry have different levels and positions in international division of labor, so China’s trade in goods has a large surplus, while the trade in services has a long-term deficit.

  China’s trade surplus in goods mainly comes from foreign-invested enterprises and processing trade. In the process of deepening economic globalization, due to the refinement of division of labor and the requirements of economies of scale, more and more international trade is dominated by multinational companies, which is intra-industry trade or processing trade based on the division of labor in the value chain. Since the reform and opening up, China’s absorption of foreign direct investment has increased rapidly. For a long time, the proportion of import and export of foreign-invested enterprises and processing trade mainly operated by foreign-invested enterprises in China’s goods trade has remained at about 50%. Import and export and processing trade of foreign-invested enterprises are the main sources of China’s trade surplus in goods. In 2009 and 2010, the trade surplus of goods of foreign-invested enterprises was US$ 127 billion and US$ 124.3 billion respectively, accounting for 64.8% and 68.4% of the total trade surplus of goods in China in the same period, and the processing trade surplus was as high as US$ 264.6 billion and US$ 322.9 billion respectively, which was much higher than that of China in the same period. While foreign-invested enterprises have a large surplus in import and export and processing trade, state-owned enterprises have a deficit in import and export, general trade and other trade methods.
  The restrictions imposed by developed countries on some high-tech trade also affect the trade balance between China and some trading partners. China is in the period of accelerated industrialization, and it has great import demand for advanced equipment and high technology from developed countries. However, some developed countries still adhere to the old thinking and set many restrictions on the export of high-end equipment and high-tech products to China, resulting in a slow growth in the export of their related products to China. This has hindered China’s imports from these countries to some extent, which is not conducive to the balance of bilateral trade.
  China’s trade in goods changed from deficit to surplus, which improved China’s balance of payments and strengthened China’s ability to resist external risks. However, the sharp expansion of the surplus has also brought troubles to China’s economy. A large amount of RMB for export settlement has increased the difficulty and complexity of macroeconomic regulation and control. The sharp expansion of the trade surplus of goods has also increased the friction between China and some trading partners, which has exerted a sustained and greater appreciation pressure on the RMB.
  China government attaches great importance to the imbalance in the development of foreign trade and has adopted a series of policies and measures to curb the excessive growth of surplus. First, actively adjust the economic structure, strive to expand domestic demand, especially increase investment in improving people’s livelihood and stimulate residents’ consumption growth. Second, introduce a series of import expansion policies, simplify import management and import payment procedures, reduce the provisional import tax rate of some commodities, improve the import promotion system, and improve the degree of import facilitation. Third, adjust the export tax rebate policy, and successively reduce or cancel the export tax rebate for some commodities with high energy consumption, high pollution and resource. Fourth, modify the catalogue of prohibited and restricted categories of processing trade, expand the scope of prohibited categories, and promote the transformation and upgrading of processing trade. Fifth, to change the situation that the fluctuation range of RMB against the US dollar has narrowed since the Asian financial crisis, a managed floating exchange rate system based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies will be implemented from July 21, 2005. From the reform of exchange rate mechanism in July 2005 to the end of August 2011, the nominal exchange rate of RMB against the US dollar appreciated by about 30%.
  China’s measures to promote the balanced growth of foreign trade have achieved remarkable results. The trade surplus of goods has been decreasing continuously since 2009, and the ratio of the surplus to the total value of imports and exports and the gross domestic product has gradually decreased since 2008, and foreign trade is tending to balance. China’s efforts are not only the needs of China’s own economic development, but also the concrete actions to promote the structural adjustment and rebalancing of the world economy.
  V. Building all-round mutually beneficial cooperative economic and trade relations
  China’s foreign trade is all-round development. China insists on developing pragmatic cooperation and mutually beneficial and win-win economic and trade relations with all trading partners, regardless of size, wealth.
  The trade between China and developed countries has been growing steadily, achieving complementary advantages and mutual benefit. Trade between China and EU has developed steadily in recent years. EU exports to China are mainly manufactured goods, among which machinery, electronic products, transport vehicles, complete sets of equipment, core components and precision components with advanced technology are quite competitive in China market. The trade between China and the United States has a solid foundation for development. China exported a variety of consumer goods to meet the needs of American consumers, and at the same time, it continuously expanded its imports of electronics, aviation, biology, medicine, agricultural products and services from the United States, which also met the needs of China’s own development. The trade between China and Japan has the advantage of geographical proximity. Sino-Japanese trade has promoted the continuous cooperation and progress of the industries of the two countries, and also promoted the in-depth development of regional economic division and cooperation in East Asia. China’s trade and investment cooperation with developed countries such as Canada, Australia, Switzerland and New Zealand have maintained a good momentum of development.
  China’s trade with emerging markets and developing countries is growing strongly, with great development potential. In 2010, the China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement was fully implemented, and 90% of the goods achieved zero tariffs, which effectively promoted the rapid growth of bilateral trade between China and ASEAN. China and ASEAN’s own unique and competitive goods freely enter each other’s markets, which meets the needs of both sides. The trade between China and South Korea has maintained sustained and steady growth, and the fields of mutual investment and economic cooperation between the two countries are very broad. The rapid growth of trade between China and other BRICS countries in recent years has promoted the strong development of their respective advantageous industries, showing that emerging economic markets have broad development prospects. In recent years, China’s trade with other developing countries has also increased at a relatively fast speed. The long-standing trade with Arab countries has been further developed, and the fields of economic and trade cooperation with Latin American countries have been continuously expanded. The trade with African countries has given full play to the complementary advantages of their resource conditions and economic structure, and promoted their respective development.
  China attaches great importance to the institutionalization of bilateral and regional economic and trade cooperation. At present, more than 150 countries and regions have signed bilateral trade agreements or economic cooperation agreements with China. China has established and maintained high-level economic dialogue mechanisms with major economies such as the United States, Europe, Japan, Britain and Russia. China actively participates in regional and sub-regional economic cooperation mechanisms such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the ASEAN-China-Japan-ROK (10+3) Leaders’ Meeting, the East Asia Summit, the China-Africa Cooperation Forum, the Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation, the Central Asian Regional Economic Cooperation and the Great Tumen Initiative. China adheres to the policy of "being a good neighbor and partner" and establishes and develops various forms of border economic and trade cooperation with neighboring countries and regions.
  China actively participates in and promotes the process of regional economic integration. By the end of 2010, China had negotiated 15 FTAs or CEPAs with 28 countries and regions on five continents, and signed and implemented 10 FTAs or CEPAs. There are five ongoing negotiations on free trade agreements. China proposes to establish East Asia Free Trade Area. In 2010, China’s bilateral trade in goods with 10 partners of free trade agreements or close economic partnership arrangements (ASEAN, Pakistan, Chile, Singapore, New Zealand, Peru, Costa Rica, Hong Kong, China, Macao, China, Taiwan, China) reached 782.6 billion US dollars, more than a quarter of China’s total import and export.
  China has deeply participated in and promoted the Doha Round negotiations of the World Trade Organization, and strived to safeguard the authority of the multilateral trading system. China stressed that the negotiations should be conducive to the implementation of the principles of fairness and justice in the multilateral trading system, and reflect the Doha Round as the goal of the development round. China fully participated in the Doha Round negotiations on agriculture, non-agricultural products, services and rules, and submitted more than 40 negotiating texts independently, and more than 100 jointly with other members. In order to push forward the Doha Round negotiations, China has repeatedly expressed its willingness to make constructive contributions to the negotiations, which are commensurate with its own level of development.
  When resolving disputes with trading partners, China takes into account the interests of all parties and seeks common ground while reserving differences. Since joining the World Trade Organization, with the continuous growth of import and export, disputes and frictions between China and its trading partners have increased. The products involved are mainly textiles, shoes, tires, auto parts, steel and chemical products, and the controversial issues mainly involve intellectual property rights, trade balance, fair trade, food safety, environmental protection and other fields. China has always believed that dialogue is better than confrontation and cooperation is better than pressure, and efforts should be made to resolve disputes among trading partners through consultation and negotiation. China insists on giving consideration to and balancing the interests of all parties. Within the rules and system of the World Trade Organization, it uses multilateral and bilateral channels to resolve disputes through dialogue, consultation and negotiation. In recent years, China has taken many measures in expanding market opening, protecting intellectual property rights, promoting trade balance, reforming the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism, and regulating the import and export operation order, fully taking care of the concerns of trading partners. In the case that negotiation fails to resolve disputes, China has properly handled trade disputes with its trading partners through the dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organization, thus maintaining the stability of the multilateral trading system.
  VI. Realizing the Sustainable Development of Foreign Trade
  At present, there are still unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable problems in China’s foreign trade development, which are highlighted as follows: export growth mainly depends on the input and consumption of resources, energy, land, labor and environment, and the input of science and technology, management and innovation is insufficient, and the contradiction between foreign trade development and resource and energy supply and environmental carrying capacity is increasingly prominent; The competitiveness of enterprises in R&D, design, marketing and service is not strong, and the proportion of self-owned intellectual property rights and self-owned brand export products is not large; The contribution of foreign trade development to the three industries is not balanced enough; The scale and level of foreign trade in the central and western regions are still relatively backward; The quality and efficiency of foreign trade growth need to be further improved. China government is clearly aware of these problems and takes active measures to accelerate the transformation of foreign trade development mode and realize the sustainable development of foreign trade.
  Strive to cultivate the comprehensive competitive advantage of foreign trade development. Faced with the rising labor costs, the sharp rise in the prices of production factors such as resources and energy, and the weakening of the traditional low-cost advantages of export industries in recent years, the China government has put forward the strategic goal of transforming foreign trade from extensive development to intensive development. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period (2006-2010), the China Municipal Government adjusted the import and export tax policy, implemented the strategy of rejuvenating trade through science and technology, market diversification and winning by quality, carried out the pilot project of transformation and upgrading of processing trade, improved the financing and insurance services for import and export enterprises, promoted enterprises to accelerate technological progress and product structure optimization, and enhanced the comprehensive competitive advantage of foreign trade. Most import and export enterprises have withstood the impact of the international financial crisis, and import and export trade has achieved rapid recovery after the crisis. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period (2011-2015), China will strive to maintain its existing export competitive advantage, accelerate the cultivation of new advantages centered on technology, brand, quality and service, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, extend the value-added chain of processing trade, and improve the competitiveness and added value of enterprises and products. Vigorously develop trade in services and promote the coordinated development of trade in goods and services. Continue to open the service industry to the outside world, promote the development of service outsourcing, and strive to expand the export of emerging services. Finance and taxation, financial insurance, foreign exchange management, customs clearance, inspection and quarantine, logistics and transportation will further improve and implement relevant national policies, speed up trade and investment facilitation, and strive to promote the stable and healthy development of foreign trade.
  Accelerate energy conservation and emission reduction in the development of foreign trade. As early as 1994, the government of China formulated and published China’s Agenda for the 21st Century-China’s White Paper on Population, Environment and Development in the 21st Century, which incorporated energy conservation and emission reduction into national economic and social development goals. Both the Eleventh Five-Year Plan and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan regard reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission intensity as binding indicators. Since 2004, China has repeatedly lowered or even cancelled export tax rebates for some high energy consumption, high pollution and resource commodities, banned and restricted the processing trade of some such products, and encouraged import and export enterprises to keep up with international advanced environmental protection standards. In recent years, the proportion of "two high-tech and one capital" commodities in China’s export commodities has dropped sharply, and the export of new energy and energy-saving and environmental protection products has increased substantially. Most import and export production enterprises that have reached a certain scale have obtained ISO14000 and other standards related to environmental protection. China will strive to adjust the economic structure and industrial structure, accelerate the application of advanced energy-saving and environmental protection technologies, and promote the more coordinated development of foreign trade, resource conservation and environmental protection.
  Strengthen trade-related intellectual property protection. Strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights is not only the need for China to fulfill its international obligations, but also the inherent requirement for transforming the mode of economic development and building an innovative country. Over the years, the government of China has done a lot of work in intellectual property protection, and achieved remarkable results in legislation, law enforcement, publicity, training and raising the awareness of intellectual property protection in the whole society. In 2008, China formulated the Outline of National Intellectual Property Strategy, which promoted the protection of intellectual property to the height of national strategy. From 2006 to 2011, China promulgated the China Action Plan for the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights for six consecutive years, and implemented more than 1,000 specific measures in many fields, including legislation, law enforcement, education and training, cultural propaganda and foreign exchange. In 2010, the number of international patent applications filed by China through the Patent Cooperation Treaty reached 12,295, an increase of 55.6% over 2009, ranking first among countries in terms of growth rate, and ranking fourth in the world from fifth. At present, strengthening the protection of trade-related intellectual property rights is a common challenge for all countries in the world, and strengthening dialogue and cooperation has become the trend of intellectual property protection in the world. Under the relevant international conventions and respective legal frameworks, the Government of China will strengthen intellectual property exchange and cooperation with countries and regions around the world, and jointly promote the healthy development of intellectual property.
  Improve the quality and safety requirements of export commodities. On the whole, the quality of China’s export commodities is constantly improving, which is welcomed and recognized by consumers all over the world. In 2009 and 2010, there were 11.032 million batches and 13.054 million batches of China’s export goods inspected and quarantined by entry-exit inspection and quarantine institutions, and the unqualified rates were 0.15% and 0.14% respectively. The export value was US$ 429.27 billion and US$ 552.18 billion respectively, and the unqualified rate was 0.12% and 0.13% respectively. In 2010, China exported 127,000 batches of food to the United States, with a qualified rate of 99.53%; 138,000 batches of food were exported to the EU, with a qualified rate of 99.78%. According to the statistical report on the monitoring of imported food in the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan, in 2010, food imported from China was sampled at a high rate of 20%, and the qualified rate of sampling inspection was 99.74%, which was higher than that of food imported from the United States and the European Union in the same period. However, there are still a few enterprises in China that ignore the quality and safety of goods in order to reduce costs, and some foreign importers do not pay attention to quality and integrity, depress commodity prices and even directly instruct China producers to use unqualified raw materials. These actions have damaged the reputation of "Made in China". In view of these problems, the China Municipal Government has continuously improved the laws and regulations on commodity quality and safety in recent years, strengthened supervision in all aspects, and severely punished a few enterprises that violate laws and regulations and cause quality problems. In March 2011, China launched the "Year of Improving the Quality of Foreign Trade Commodities".We will further improve the licensing, certification and supervision mechanism for the quality and safety of foreign trade commodities, and improve the efficiency of ensuring the quality and safety of export commodities.
  Enhance the sense of social responsibility of import and export enterprises. With the continuous expansion of opening to the outside world, more and more enterprises in China realize that they need to bear corresponding social responsibilities while growing. This is not only conducive to social harmony and progress, but also conducive to improving the competitiveness and sustainable development capacity of enterprises. Governments at all levels in China are promoting enterprises to improve their sense of social responsibility, respect labor rights, safeguard consumers’ rights and protect the ecological environment by advocating the concept of Scientific Outlook on Development and harmonious society. At the same time, China government encourages enterprises to accept relevant social responsibility standards in import and export trade, and strive to obtain necessary social responsibility certification. Since the implementation of the new Labor Contract Law and its implementing regulations in 2008, import and export enterprises have generally established a system of "five insurances and one fund" (pension insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, maternity insurance and housing provident fund). China government regards enhancing corporate social responsibility as an important task to promote the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade. In the future, it will strengthen the publicity and training of corporate social responsibility, establish and improve the integrity management system of import and export enterprises, improve the supervision of corporate social responsibility by the whole society, carry out international cooperation in the cultivation and management of corporate social responsibility, and promote the import and export enterprises to continuously improve their level of social responsibility.
  Promote international cooperation in strategic emerging industries. Developing strategic emerging industries is of great significance to the transformation and upgrading of foreign trade and sustainable development. After more than 30 years of reform and opening up, China’s comprehensive national strength has been significantly enhanced, the level of science and technology has been continuously improved, the industrial system has been gradually improved, and the development of strategic emerging industries has laid a solid foundation. However, compared with developed countries, emerging industries in China are still in the initial stage of development. After the international financial crisis in 2008, all major economies in the world are accelerating the development of emerging industries. China regards the development of strategic emerging industries as an important task of industrial revitalization. In order to promote the development of key areas, while giving play to the basic role of the market in allocating resources, the China Municipal Government has strengthened policy guidance, standardized the market order, improved the investment environment and encouraged enterprises to improve their technological innovation capabilities. China’s basic policy of supporting the development of strategic emerging industries conforms to international trade rules, and it is willing to strengthen exchanges with other countries in scientific research, technological development and capacity building, and make joint efforts to create a new situation of international cooperation and development of emerging industries.
  Concluding remarks
  At present, the deep-seated impact of the international financial crisis is still emerging, and the long-term, arduous and complex nature of the world economic recovery is more prominent, and the global economic structure and trade pattern are facing profound adjustments. China’s foreign trade will also undergo new adjustments, and strive to realize the transformation from scale expansion to quality and efficiency improvement, from relying mainly on low-cost advantages to enhancing comprehensive competitive advantages, and from a big trading country to a powerful trading country.
  The development of China’s foreign trade is still restricted by many uncertain factors and will encounter new difficulties and pressures. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China will further expand its opening-up, promote reform, development and innovation through opening-up, strive to give full play to its own advantages, strengthen all-round international cooperation, and integrate into the world economy on a larger scale, in a wider field and at a higher level. China is willing to work with its trading partners to cope with the challenges facing the world economy and trade development, promote a more balanced, coordinated and sustainable development of foreign trade, and share prosperity with its trading partners to achieve a win-win situation.

Deng Chenghao: How is the dark blue SL03 made?

The emergence of the Deep Blue SL03 surprised everyone. In early April, the two review editors of the First Electric Editorial Department accidentally found the car on the streets of Chongqing. After taking a look, they took a set of spy photos and sent them out, which triggered a warm response from the whole network. At that time, there was a feeling that after years of silence, Changan New Energy finally made a big move.

From July 10th to 11th, we test-drove the pure electric version and the extended-range version of the Deep Blue SL03 in Chongqing. We were deeply impressed by the excellent handling, solid chassis, precise steering, quite mature exterior interior, and balanced smart cabin smart driving configuration. What was especially amazing was that during the test drive of the extended-range version, the two people switched on, just to hear when the range extender would start, and both failed – not only did they not hear the sound at all, but they did not feel the vibration at all – so much so that we ended up wondering if the range extender was installed and went to check the exhaust pipe for heat waves.

This is definitely one of the most surprising and explosive products so far in 2022, and it is no less exciting than the Wuling Hongguang MINI EV and Ideal ONE in 2020.

Unbelievable. How did the group of people in this mountain city who have been taciturn for a long time create such a car? Was it luck by mistake, or did you think it through and make it from the beginning?

The conversation at noon on July 11 began in such a state of mind. In the time of a meal, the answer is self-evident. At that time, the specific time for listing and releasing the configuration and price has not yet been determined, only until the end of the month. In order to live up to the trust of Deng Chenghao and his team, we waited patiently, waiting for a suitable time to tell readers the stories that happened behind Deep Blue SL03.

In fact, we want to tell the reader is: Changan out of a good product manager. And this should be considered lucky Chongqing.

Deng Chenghao:In 17 years, Changan Automobile talked about a "Shangri-La Plan". Many people in the industry felt that Changan was painting big cakes and did not really do it. In 17 to 20 years, we sold very few electric vehicles. In 2021, we sold 100,000 units. In fact, everyone was very skeptical.

Pang Yicheng:In fact, you are serious about it, but you just didn’t say it?

Deng Chenghao:In fact, before the release of the "Shangri-La Plan", I was working on this platform in May 2017. I was in charge of the planning of the entire technical direction. The first time I planned this platform was called EPA1. In my technical planning, I believed that it was impossible to change the future tram with oil trucks, which was not competitive.

Pang Yicheng:You were the chief engineer at the time, right?

Deng Chenghao:No, I am the technical director and I am responsible for technical planning.

I said that in order to arrange the engine well, the front suspension of the oil car is very long. The front suspension of the oil car you see is very long, in fact, the wheelbase is not that big. But in the era of trams, batteries are the highest cost, accounting for about 50%. It is impossible to not use the most expensive things to make the best layout, and to achieve the best competitiveness in this market.

In 2017, the group agreed to set up a research project, and there were three new platforms in my technical plan, which were the three new pure electric special platforms mentioned in the Shangri-La plan. I worked hard in 17 years, and in 18 years, I really started to invest in this platform. It was estimated that I would have to invest a lot of money, and everyone was still torn.

Pang Yicheng:Torn what?

Deng Chenghao:How much was the investment in torn? At that time, we calculated that the investment in the platform alone must be 2 billion yuan, and the production line is not mentioned, only the R & D investment and the supplier’s investment. Previously, Changan was one platform for one car, but now it needs to build a new platform, and it is still a tram. Can you find some people to do it together instead of doing it yourself? Wait.

Although we have torn the R & D model, the technical route has never been torn.In this process, we did something that is very correct now, and it is also something that affects the product’s genes. This is to determine the platform genes for post-drive. We are very tough on this point.

Pang Yicheng:Tell me about this first, why?

Deng Chenghao:Of course, I do performance, I do technology, and I know what the meaning of rear drive is. I think rear drive in the era of the gasoline car is extremely expensive. You see the BMW 3, for rear drive, rear seat space is sacrificed. Some four-seaters are actually forced to choose four-seaters brought by rear drive.

In the era of the oil car, the engine was too large to be placed in the back. It had to be placed in the front compartment to dissipate heat. To make the rear drive, it must have a transmission system that had waste space and waste oil. In the era of the tram, the motor was too small to put anywhere, and it was very easy to put the rear axle. In the era of the oil car, consumers wanted the rear drive, but they couldn’t afford the rear drive. Because of the high cost, its input-output ratio was very uneconomical, so consumers just bought the front drive.

In the tram era, there is basically no increase in investment. The rear drive system of a tram is only 1,000 yuan more expensive than the front drive system of a tram, and the rear drive suspension system is more expensive.Can 1,000 yuan bring a rear drive? Why not do it?

Pang Yicheng:You were determined to be a back driver at that time. In addition to advanced technology, was it particularly attractive to you to control this matter?

Deng Chenghao:Handling, customer experience, and its cost-effectiveness. So we decided on the EPA1 platform at that time. The first drive must be rear drive. You can have four-wheel drive, but there is absolutely no single front drive.

Based on the design of the rear drive, the first power project outside the platform started internally was the development of a new electric drive system on the rear axle. The technical route we prepared was a highly integrated all-in-one electric drive system on the rear axle, which was debated many times within the company.

Pang Yicheng:I’m afraid you can’t figure it out, right?

Deng Chenghao:I firmly made it. Technically, we have repeated PK within the electric drive team. If the electric drive needs to be put behind the drive, it means that the external space is very small, but if it needs to be integrated, it means that the volume needs to be increased. This is a dilemma. I mentioned the extreme boundary requirements to the team. I said that if we want to make 6 seats in the future, the last row should not be as uncomfortable as sitting in a sedan chair, and the trunk space should not be affected.

Pang Yicheng:You’re just asking them to make this thing smaller and shorter?

Deng Chenghao:The most difficult indicator is to be short and flatten the all-in-one. To this end, in 2017 we launched the all-in-one electric drive project, which is very successful today, unprecedented, and the team is very, very awesome.

Pang Yicheng:Who is the technical leader of this project?

Deng Chenghao:One of the deputy general managers of power development, surnamed Du, used to be a hybrid with me. At that time, we set (target power) at 160 kilowatts, and finally made 194 kilowatts.

Pang Yicheng:Amazing.

Deng Chenghao: The first one on the platform is set to the rear drive, the second one is set to multi-in-one, and the third is the chassis, which is the foundation.I said that the rear drive was done, and the adjustment of the chassis was still in the traditional adjustment method, but that didn’t work. I was choosing what direction at that time.

The first gene: sports, otherwise the rear drive is meaningless, so the genes of the chassis must be the genes of sports.

The second gene: the Changan brand is determined, and we are targeting family cars. Comfort is very important. What we want is that I feel comfortable when I go out alone, but my parents, wife and children are still very comfortable, taking into account sports and comfort.

After about 19 years, the Model 3 had already begun to rise and was set as the benchmark.

Pang Yicheng:No wonder, it does look like it, and the size is similar.

Deng Chenghao:The choice of genes is clear to balance sportiness and comfort. The car you drive today is very good in the balance of sportiness and comfort. The sportiness is on par with the Model 3 as a whole, but the overall adjustment of the Model 3 is hard, and the comfort of the Dark Blue 03 is also very good. This car emphasizes comfort. It filters shock absorption throughout the adjustment, and the softness of the chassis is done well, including the seats. In fact, comfort is composed of the combined effect of the chassis and seats.

Deep Blue 03 has been in development for three years now, and the platform has been in development for five years. When Deep Blue 03 reached the second half of 1919, we were analyzing the market. At that time, the market was a dumbbell structure with two large ends and a small middle. And our Deep Blue is targeting the medium-sized car and compact + market. If it is just a pure electric vehicle, I feel that it is difficult to create a hit, so I made a suggestion to the company.

Pang Yicheng:Add a range extender?

Deng Chenghao:We now have the rear drive gene, all-round rear drive, the front cabin is empty, you can use it to put a suitcase, and it can be expanded to four-wheel drive. I said is it possible to put a range extender in to extend the mileage? At that time, our research found that electric vehicles have 6 major pain points, short range, slow charging, battery safety, low value retention and a series of problems. The pain point is all the battery, and the cool point is all the electric drive. Just like a football game, the battery and electric drive play at the same time. The electric drive plays well, but the battery plays badly, and it always holds back. To make up for the shortcomings of the battery, you can use the range extender to make up for it. But this technology has a lot of concerns.

Pang Yicheng:Do you think this is a backward technology?

Deng Chenghao:In August 19, Yang Dayong came to work as a new energy supervisor, and Mr. Yang was very supportive of doing this (upper range extension). Deep Blue 03 established two versions of pure electricity and range extension, and hydrogen fuel was only available at the end of 19 years.

Many people say that range extension is a backward technology. In fact, consumers now have a deep understanding of range extension. In 19 years, it was not ideal, and we were just crabs. I said that if you are worried about being backward, I will replace the fuel tank with a hydrogen cylinder, I will replace the engine with a stack, and I will get a hydrogen fuel, okay? The last three power sources are doing very well, so this is where pure electric, range extension and hydrogen fuel come from (laughs).

Pang Yicheng:Was there any cost consideration at that time?

Deng Chenghao:In the early days, the cost difference between pure electricity and range extension was not significant.When we calculated in 19 or 20 years, the difference between 500 kilometers of pure electricity and range extension was only 3,000 yuan, but there was an extra tax on the end of the range extension enterprise, which was about 1.5-3%, basically two or three thousand yuan. So the cost difference is not big.

Later, the cost difference between pure electricity and range extension was widened due to the increase in battery costs. Now the difference is about 8,000 or 9,000 yuan, and there will be a slight gap.

For example, the power performance of the extended range was a little weaker than that of pure electricity. Zero hundred acceleration could not reach 5.9 seconds of the current pure electric version, but it could also reach more than seven seconds.

Pang Yicheng:That’s better than a gas car.

Deng Chenghao:Yes, compared to the oil truck, it is still a seckill.In fact, our early PK targets were Accord and Civic.We also studied a few other products at that time.

Electrification in China has actually pulled the brand up, or consumers’ recognition of domestic products is also getting higher and higher. The electrification wave is the most suitable for brand growth, so now a number of independent brands have launched new brands based on electrification, which are much higher than the original.

In the era of gasoline trucks, you can’t get a joint venture brand with your own brand. But in the era of trams, we went earlier than foreigners, with better technology, and we have a leading opportunity. Deep Blue 03 aims at the joint venture market, to hit your price, and it is deeply intertwined with it. What are your advantages over it?

The first major advantage is the impact of electrification. Most of the joint ventures are still selling oil trucks, which is not in line with the historical trend.

Second, the digital experience is completely spike, leapfrog. You go to drive a Japanese car, you look at its intelligent properties.

Third, the decision-making efficiency is higher. Our grasp of technology and the efficiency of enterprise decision-making are unparalleled by joint venture brands.

At that time, I and the team agreed on three words.The first word is called accounting, and hydrogen fuel is called forward-looking occupation in the technology circle,We want to demonstrate that we are the best at home.

The second is to grab, and it will definitely grab the market of more than 200,000 digital electric vehicles. To put it bluntly, it is the market for products like Model 3 and Seal. I have the same experience as you, but I am more price competitive than you.

The third is to transfer to a joint venture fuel vehicle. To increase the range is to harvest the first-line joint venture market. The first-line joint venture is now selling for 145,000 yuan, plus a purchase tax of 167,000 yuan. I say we have a great opportunity to reduce the dimension.

Pang Yicheng:And if you go by the smallest particle, it’s a Civic, right?

Deng Chenghao:Yes, the bullseye we were aiming for was the Civic.

Pang Yicheng:It seems that this is not accidental. During the test drive yesterday, I felt that this car was designed for Model 3 and Civic, and there was a big question mark at that time: Did the author think so?

Deng Chenghao:Haha, that’s exactly what I think. This product is still very troublesome to this day. There are more than 2,000 of us here, and we have been working on dark blue series products for the past three years. I often drive to the mountains at 11 or 12 o’clock in the evening. Because I do technology, I like to be quiet and go around the mountain in the middle of the night. At this time, I can calm down and feel the state of the car best.

Pang Yicheng:I have two small questions. First, why is your range extender naturally aspirated and not turbocharged?

Deng Chenghao:Japan does hybrid power, why choose natural suction? My point of view, single-motor hybrid power, Germany likes to use T to match, for example, Volkswagen, add a large motor to every 1.5T engine.

No matter whether it is Honda series-parallel or Toyota power shunt, these technical routes tend to use hybrid dedicated cycle engines, such as Atkinson, rather than turbocharging, because the combination of two motors + one engine and three powers, the instantaneous power mainly depends on the motor and battery, and does not require the blessing of turbocharging. It is best to use natural suction, which is smooth and can improve the overall efficiency.

Pang Yicheng:You mean better fuel economy?

Deng Chenghao:This is the first reason why we choose to do 1.5 liters of naturally aspirated, using deep Atkinson cycles and ultra-high compression ratios, that is, the compression rate of deep compression is very high.

The second big reason is that I had a dream when I was doing range extensions, wanting users to drive with only one feeling, and that was pure electric.

Pang Yicheng:Got it, you don’t want users to feel that kind of pause or shock.

Deng Chenghao:Yes, it is pure electric when it is driven, and it looks pure electric. At that time, I asked for the shape of the range extension to be exactly the same as pure electric. The front cabin of the dark blue 03 needs to be equipped with an engine. If you want to do turbocharging, the temperature near the turbine is very high, and its heat dissipation requirements will be very large, so it cannot achieve the shape of pure electric.

Pang Yicheng:Is the air intake grille the same as pure electricity?

Deng Chenghao:The same, the world’s first range extension and pure electric modeling have the same front face shape, no one.I want to make users feel that there are great benefits: I bought an electric car, which is purely electric and feels futuristic, but there is no mileage anxiety, the driving experience is excellent, and I can’t feel the range extender working. The sound is very pure.

Pang Yicheng:Is it not a cost consideration?

Deng Chenghao:No, it’s for experience. Recently, many colleagues have bought a closed test car and are driving it themselves. It feels completely different from a fuel car. Not only is the driving smoothness not like a fuel car, but the sound is not like a fuel car, and the vibration of the vehicle is not like a fuel car.

Pang Yicheng:Your power loss and fuel consumption are also four o’clock?

Deng Chenghao:If it is WLTC, it is 5.0L, and CLTC is about 4.5.

My car is 300 kilograms heavier than Qin. Qin is about 1.5 tons, and I have 1.8 tons. Overall, it is relatively solid, and the fuel consumption is relatively satisfactory.

Pang Yicheng:Second small question, why don’t you use both fork arms for your front overhang?

Deng Chenghao:It’s a bit of a challenge if I use two forks, because I have a very short front overhang.

Pang Yicheng:The two fork arms will take up some internal space, and your range extender may not fit?

Deng Chenghao:Yes, we ended up with the McPherson suspension. The McPherson is also an independent suspension. We did a very careful adjustment and the effect is very good. It took a lot of effort. The driving performance of this car is obvious to all. I am very, very confident that there is no one in the whole market!

Pang Yicheng:Can the pure electric version be used with double fork arms?

Deng Chenghao:It can be used, but it is not good to platform it.

Pang Yicheng:How to set the production and sales target for this product?

Deng Chenghao:For the target of Deep Blue 03, I have prepared 35 ladders, that is, 35 cars an hour, 700 cars in 20 hours a day, and 26 days in a month, 26 × 700, which is the production capacity I have prepared.

Pang Yicheng:That’s 18,000 units per month. Is the capacity ready now?

Deng Chenghao:I’m ready. The supply chain and batteries are fine, and there is a small problem with the chip, but the problem of the chip is mainly affected by the guarantee of the chip industry. I am familiar with the chip. We have been preparing for more than a year for the guarantee of the chip of Deep Blue 03, and the problem should be manageable.

Pang Yicheng:If nothing else, the monthly production capacity will reach 18,000 units by Q4, or has it been reached now?

Deng Chenghao: My goal is to exceed 10,000 units in September, 15,000 units in November, and 178,000 units in December.

Pang Yicheng:That’s pretty much what we anticipated.

Deng Chenghao:My goal is to achieve at least 1781 monthly volumes of this product. There are still two things that consumers have not yet seen through.

The first is configuration. Consumers don’t know what configuration we have.

The second is the price of the configuration. We have released a pre-sale price range, not talking about the configuration, and the pre-sale price is not the listing price. Listing price and listing configuration, this topic is very important.

Pang Yicheng:Listing price, we guess, is it possible to reach more than 160,000 start?

Deng Chenghao:It’s not decided yet.

Pang Yicheng:Channel You are going to be a direct-operated store, right?

Deng Chenghao:Direct sales, using the model of investor investment, mainly borrowing the original dealer resources of our group, opened 100 stores on July 15th.

Pang Yicheng:The storefront is their investment, but they don’t need to eat the inventory?

Deng Chenghao:No, the inventory is in my hands. There are 100 on July 15th and more than 500 across the country on August 15th.

Pang Yicheng:How many cities can be paved?

Deng Chenghao:The key cities of the first, second and third tiers are all covered. The focus is on 95 cities with a high share of new energy. Because we have extended the range, a lot of cities outside 95 cities have also been invested, totaling more than 200 cities.

Pang Yicheng:Are these bosses willing to invest in it?

Deng Chenghao:Very willing to transfer the best position and the best sales ability.

Pang Yicheng:Renovate his original store?

Deng Chenghao:Changed.

Zhang Hao:I have a question, is there some platform reservation for smart driving? We see two places on the fender, which seem to be reserved for the camera?

Deng Chenghao:The first batch is IACC, and we will release more and higher-level intelligent driving services after December 31st. It can be selected when it goes on sale, but it cannot be delivered now because its hardware cannot be pre-embedded. There will be two new functions at that time. On the basis of the current IACC, add intelligent lane change assistance on high-speed roads, road selection and on-ramp assistance.

The first increase is to increase the ability to judge left and right on the basis of only forward and backward judgments.

The second addition is parking, which allows for smart parking across floors.

Pang Yicheng:Parking across floors using Huawei’s system?

Deng Chenghao:It’s our own. Our research found that in fact, consumers really use city-assisted driving scenes less. High-frequency scenes are on highways, and there is parking. Cross-floor memory parking is more practical for consumers. It can remember, just like your own home. If he walks once or twice, he will remember the parking space. This function will not be available until the end of the year.

Zhang Hao:The reserved position on the fender, is there a camera when it is delivered?

Deng Chenghao:No, we will let users choose (optional package) in this listing, but the delivery time is relatively late.

Pang Yicheng:After the configuration and price are officially released, how many orders are you going to accept?

Deng Chenghao: My goal is to receive at least 50,000 units in the first month.

Pang Yicheng:According to your current booking situation, how about the user portrait?

Deng Chenghao:This time, 95% of them were between the ages of 20 and 35, and they were mainly highly educated. But it may be related to our communication, but it has not spread yet. The tens of thousands of users who book now are basically the first and second lines, which means that the circle has not expanded yet, and it will take some time.

Pang Yicheng:So the median age is about 27, 28?

Deng Chenghao:Almost, about 30 years old, 20 to 25 years old, there are still more than ten percent, and now the newly graduated college students have good spending power.

Pang Yicheng:Extended range and pure electric, which version will be more popular?

Deng Chenghao:At first, I wanted to increase the range by 60%, 40% pure electricity,The production capacity prepared now is about half to half.

Pang Yicheng:I don’t think it is possible to match half to half, and the range increase will definitely be more. The first car of a young person must have two characteristics, the first is Sa, and the second is not to have mileage anxiety.We believe it should be 8:2, the absolute advantage of range extension.

Deng Chenghao:China’s past policies have resulted in a lack of supply in the PHEV market, and so far the supply has been completely insufficient.

Now, the largest group of 20 million consumers in the gasoline truck market is coming, and they still have potential range and charging anxiety to this day. As the initial consumer enthusiasm passes, by the time the calm consumer enters the market later, his thinking will change and shift.

Pang Yicheng:In the 15 to 200,000 range, this is the most competitive product we have seen so far. In the past, neither pure electricity nor range extension has been successful in this market. In the past, it was a blank, and major changes may occur this year.

I checked yesterday that the volume of the Civic has dropped. The highest in 2020 was 26,000 a month. The market fluctuates a lot this year, sometimes 8,000 a month, and sometimes more than 10,000 a month. We judge that after your product is released, if there are no mistakes in marketing, the actual volume should have a chance to break 10,000. The Civic market has a good chance of being taken away by you. Maybe you can also get a little from Accord and Camry.

Deng Chenghao:After looking at the competitive relationship data, including Han, P7, and C01, in fact, they all grabbed Accord, then Camry, and CRV.

Pang Yicheng:Among all B-class cars, the current strongest is the Camry, which is very stable. It grew by 26% year-on-year from January to June this year, and the only single product rose. When is your second SUV ready to come out?

Deng Chenghao:First half of next year.

Pang Yicheng:Then the second half of the year is that big car?

Deng Chenghao:The year is 2024.

Pang Yicheng:Is the SUV on the same platform as this one, or is it a dual route?

Deng Chenghao:Right. The dual route is an accurate option, and even the extended range on the track is very cool, which is something that the oil car dare not imagine.

Pang Yicheng:If you put a double fork arm on the electric high-end board, will it make the chassis more resilient?

Deng Chenghao:We are also working on sustaining this platform to try to explore its limits. At the same time, I have always wanted to develop a track mode, where the ESP is turned on, not turned off, and then adjust its limits.

At the end of last year, the track mode was developed in the challenge arrangement, but it was too late in the winter at the end of last year. With the ESP in effect, the vehicle as a whole is relying on safety. Finally, you find that turning off the ESP is purely relying on the chassis. Its attitude control is very good, and it is easy to throw, which means that the hardware safety boundary of this car is very stable.

Because most people are afraid to turn off the ESP, when the ESP is turned on, it is our continued pursuit to let consumers experience the best aspects of driving control.

Zhang Hao:But this point is actually very difficult for ordinary users to get, yesterday we tried the feeling, this car is very similar to the venue modified car, if you drive very intensely, you can feel the ability of the chassis is quite OK.

Deng Chenghao:There is a group of people in the Model 3 consumer crowd who buy and play, and that group of people gives your brand a strong driving force.

Pang Yicheng:We were also talking about this issue yesterday, saying whether it is possible for Changan to keep a fleet. Before this product, Changan did not have such prominent driving control products, right?

Deng Chenghao:Our company leader took this product and opened it, saying that this product is completely different from an oil truck.

Pang Yicheng:Regarding the future of pure electricity and range extension, please ask for your opinion.

Deng Chenghao:Our second rear-drive car is an SUV, which is also a pure electric range extension dual power.

If you want to do it smaller in the future, focus on pure electricity to create a small steel cannon that young people like. If you do it bigger, you will mainly increase the range.My point is that the bigger it is, the more it should be extended.

Nowadays, some people engage in large SUVs of 600 or 700 kilometers that require a 120-degree battery pack. I think there is something wrong with this logic. In the short term, the so-called next-generation technology will not be available until 2030.

Pang Yicheng:Do you think there will be no fundamental change in battery pack density before 2025?

Deng Chenghao:There will be some improvement, but it is difficult to make a fundamental leap. Even before 2030, I don’t think solid-state batteries will be fully commercialized.

In addition, some people feel that the battery would have been at a high level under the current process, and I think the cost will also return to the downward channel.

Because the upstream expansion of production capacity is much faster than we thought, demand is rising, and supply is also rising. It turned out that supply could not keep up with demand, so the upstream raised prices desperately. But when supply catches up with demand, the cost of battery packs will gradually decrease.

When I took over as CEO of Deep Blue last September, the battery was six or seven cents, and now it is one or two. This crazy situation will soon pass.

Remarks: This article is based on the recording of the conversation on July 11. After review by the interviewee, there are deletions. First Electric Zhang Hao and Guo Meng also contributed to this article.

18 Lincoln Navigator Port Car Offer

18 equipped with 3.5T dual engine, providing 450335 kW power adaptive xenon lamp,, with heating function front windshield, rear private glass, automatic anti-glare, ambient light, electric tailgate, front and rear parking radar, Bluetooth USB connection, steering wheel and seat memory, steering wheel heating, rear camera, electric tailgate, touch screen, resolution enhancement, ambient light, Hamanka audio, 20 seats, four-zone air conditioning, keyless entry, head-up display, rear row, door handle light, rear manual sunshade, electric suction door, ring shadow, and M bag (20 wheels, black luggage rack M kit M ceramic palladium block, electric tailgate, heated steering wheel, front) NAPPA seat, seven seat seat

The 18 models are huge, and the designer doesn’t seem to worry about its space from the beginning. The seat adopts a 2 + 2 + 3 layout, which can be folded and arranged at will. The two or three rows are folded, and it immediately transforms into a truck, and the interior space is expanded to 2,926 liters. The third row of space is better than many seven seats. The 1.85-meter-tall experiencer sits in the third row, and there is plenty of room for both the head and the legs. However, unfortunately, the second row of seats cannot be moved back and forth, so the leg space of the third row is less expansive. In addition, it can be reclined and stood up electrically, which is convenient for loading when there is a large volume of luggage. The button of the electric tailgate is on the left side, not on the tailgate, which will make people who are new to it a little overwhelmed.

The 18 3.5TT 7-seat finely crafted interiors combine American walnut and high-end leather materials, mercerized nickel trims and white Light Emitting Diode to create a luxurious, romantic and very emotional interior environment. The steering wheel is as light as a car, and the whole body exudes a noble atmosphere

18 models are equipped with adaptive xenon headlight system, which can automatically turn with your control for a better view. With the iconic, show your taste. Electric opening type, reflect the beauty of the sky in the car, and enjoy comfort all the way. New plan, electric pedal, LouGou logo, integrated into more future plans, luxury top, in the same model class, there are other such as Land Rover Extended Extended Edition Extended Edition, Mercedes-Benz GLS and 570. A new record has been created: inside, the three rows of passengers add up to the maximum legroom. A car that lives up to its reputation for making sightseeing comfortable for 7 people.

The oversized one not only shows the might, but also the noble smell of the whole body makes people awe-inspiring. The front of the car is the most characteristic, which fully inherits the lineage and shows the characteristics of the American car’s atmosphere and calmness. The cross shield-shaped logo, inlaid in the middle of the front of the car, is rare and eye-catching. It is integrated with the large heat dissipation grille, making it more domineering. The new domineering surface makes people a new informant, and the luxury definition is explained from the beginning. Ken 3.5T four-wheel drive long axle discount, for sale, the current car is full of colors. The shape of the 18 center console echoes the vast black. The internal plan is exquisite and delicate, which is exactly the opposite of the external style, highlighting its tranquility, applicability and efficient function. Royal seat massage, heating, push rest and electric adjustment, can rise and fall separation screen, front and rear intercom phone, etc

The center console of the 2018 new model has been changed, and the sense of change is full of contrast with the old model. The shift position of the 2018 model has been changed, and the shift has been changed from hand push to button, highlighting the high-end model. In terms of power, the 2018 model is equipped with a 3.5T twin engine, providing 450,335 kW of power. And equipped with 10 speeds.

The 2018 new three-frame multi-function steering wheel has a heating function. The leather-wrapped steering wheel has both a warm touch and an elegant texture. The three-frame design makes the control more handy and adds a dynamic charm to the respectful atmosphere. The leather part can be heated in a short time, and it can maintain a sense of temperature control even in cold weather conditions. The interior is luxurious and elegant, and the workmanship is fine. A lot of leather and solid wood cover in the car allows people to enjoy the customization experience immediately. The new model uses a 12-inch full LCD floating display screen, which is full of technology.

3:18 current car status

The layout of the 2018 car is a 2 + 2 + 3 arrangement, with seven seats, and the new model also offers a six-seat version. The six-seat model is more prominent in the sense of dignity, so the rear rows are designed to be independent. Space, of course, is no problem, it is not the content of the American car discussion. We are looking at the improvement of materials, and this time the interior is really a complete combination of solid wood and leather. In terms of workmanship, it obviously feels a delicate sense of Japanese, which is pleasant.

The 2018 3.5TT maximum change 10-speed large chrome-plated straight waterfall cover and headlamp have a very domineering visual experience. The 2018 model can filter the vibration from the ground very well, and you don’t have to worry about the "bumpy" feeling when sitting in the car. The three-frame multi-function steering wheel has a heating function, and the leather-wrapped steering wheel has both a warm touch and an elegant texture. The three-frame design makes the control more handy, adding a dynamic charm to the respectful atmosphere. The leather part can be heated for a short time, even in cold weather conditions, it can maintain a sense of temperature control.

The 2018 model not only inherits the brand’s consistent ultra-luxury temperament, but also provides an all-round, comfortable and luxurious driving experience anytime, anywhere. The 2018 exquisite bar table, which can be adjusted at will, provides a very relaxed environment for the owner’s private meeting and business negotiation.

The 2018 model also has a mahogany bar, satellite TV, and aviation massage seats inside. For business meetings, the 2018 model also specially prepared privacy glass imported from the United States for you. The interior space of the 2018 model is unparalleled, and more fashionable designs are added to the domineering silhouette. The nearly 3-ton self-weight does not make it lose its acceleration.

Ren Xianqi challenges the Silk Road with off-road cycling and experiences blowing sheepskin rafts to make ramen


Ren Xianqi

    The travel program "One Earth" will broadcast a new episode of "One Earth – Silk Road Game" on December 11. And invited the heavyweight guest Ren Xianqi to be the host. This journey lasted more than 20 days. Xiao Qi, together with more than a dozen film crew staff, formed a convoy, starting from Xi’an on off-road motorcycles, passing through Lanzhou, Wuwei, Zhangye, along the Hexi Corridor to Dunhuang, Turpan, and ending in Xinqiang Urumqi, the whole journey reached more than 2,000 kilometers. The process is stylish, FUN, bitter, and sweaty… An all-male team, together to complete the man’s Silk Road dream.

    This time, "One Earth" Xiao Qi teamed up with the film team to shoot Hong Kong’s first off-road motorcycle tour of the Silk Road. For thousands of years, the Silk Road has been a cultural exchange route between China and the West, and it is also the cradle of many ethnic minorities in China. In ancient times, caravans crossing the Silk Road could be described as dangerous. Xiao Qi also had to be well prepared to cross the Silk Road with off-road motorcycles. It took a year from conception to filming, and finally took place in August 2010. Xiao Qi first joined the filming team in Lanzhou, Gansu Province, and communicated with a group of local off-road motorcyclists to understand the different risks that may be encountered on the Silk Road before driving a motorcycle through the Silk Road. After arriving in Lanzhou, Xiao Qi was very excited. He said: "Here, the bucket can create the effect of rolling sand and dust. It feels very good. It is a paradise for off-road motorcycle enthusiasts." Because Lanzhou is located on the Loess Plateau, surrounded by a layer of sand that is more than 300 meters thick and weathered, Xiao Qi can enjoy the addiction of fire chariots here. It turns out that in Lanzhou, there are many shops specializing in off-road motorcycle business, and they also organized an association. When they have time, they will get together to fight. After Xiao Qi found out, he wanted to fight with them. 


Ren Xianqi

    In addition to the motorcycle, Xiao Qi also visited different ethnic minorities, as if learning to make traditional sheepskin rafts with Hui people, experiencing the life of Tibetans in Gansu grazing and shearing white yak hair, and traveling to Minqin County, which is often affected by sandstorms, and the Hexi Corridor, which is baptized by war, to learn about the various ways that ethnic minorities survive on the Silk Road. After nearly a month of filming, Xiao Qi not only learned about the local culture, but also learned a lot of "skills", including making traditional sheepskin rafts and Lanzhou ramen. In ancient times, the only way to cross the Yellow River was to take a sheepskin raft made by Hui people. The process of the sheepskin raft is complicated, and the hardest part is to blow up the sheepskin bag so that the raft can float on the river. Xiao Qi turned into a sheepskin raft master and tried to inflate the entire sheepskin raft, but unfortunately the challenge failed, even if a strong man wanted to inflate a sheepskin bag. Although the task was not very successful, the determined and unyielding Xiao Qi kept up his efforts and challenged another "simple task", which was to concoct Lanzhou ramen. Making ramen noodles has always been very difficult. Master Xiao Qi also understands the truth that everything is hard. Although the final product is a little different, the entrance is also refreshing. (Photo and text/Tungstar)

Related information:
Ren Xianqi bounces up Dongbula’s "One Earth" and re-walks the ancient Silk Road

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A new round of strong cold air will hit the central and eastern regions, and the local temperature will drop by over 12℃

  BEIJING, Nov. 15 (Xinhua) According to the latest weather forecast, affected by strong cold air, there will be a large-scale gale cooling and rain and snow weather process from north to south in China from 16th to 18th. The temperature will drop by 8 ~ 10℃ in most parts of the central and eastern regions, and the temperature will drop by more than 12℃ in some areas. There are 4 ~ 6 northerly winds in most areas north of the Yangtze River, and the gusts can reach 7 ~ 8.

  Cold air has caused temperatures in Northeast China and North China to hit a new low in winter.

  In November, several rounds of cold air continuously pulled many places in China from late autumn to early winter from north to south, and some areas ushered in the first snowfall or "coldest day" in the second half of the year.

  Taking the 14th as an example, the temperatures in Northeast China, North China, Huanghuai and other places dropped significantly, with most areas in Northeast China and North China spending the coldest day since this winter.

  According to the weather forecast, the highest temperature in the north-central part of Northeast China and the eastern part of Inner Mongolia fell below freezing point on 14th, while the lowest temperature dropped below minus 10℃. For Harbin, Changchun and many other places, it is the first time this winter to experience that the temperature is below 0℃ all day, and the highest temperatures in Beijing and Tianjin will also hit a new low this winter. It is estimated that by the 15th, Beijing, Shijiazhuang and other places in North China are expected to refresh the lowest temperature since the second half of this year.

  Sun Jun, chief forecaster of the Central Meteorological Observatory, said that the cold air currently affecting the central and eastern regions began to affect China on the 13th, and the impact period was mainly concentrated on the 13th and 14th.

  "The current round of cold air has a small influence range and weak intensity, mainly affecting northeast China, North China, Huanghuai and Jianghuai areas. The cooling range reaches 4 C-6 C, and the local area exceeds 8 C. At the same time, the above areas are accompanied by 4-5 northerly winds." Sun Jun said.

  According to reports, as far as the cooling situation is concerned, in this round of cooling, the cooling rate in Hebei is relatively large. Among them, from 8: 00 on the 13th to 8: 00 on the 14th, the temperature drop in mountainous areas in western Hebei, such as Zanhuang, Lincheng and Neiqiu, reached more than 10℃. During the daytime on the 14th, the temperature in the eastern part of Northeast China, Huanghuai and Jianghuai areas will be lower than that on the 13th. At present, the front of this cold air has reached the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, but it will not continue to affect Jiangnan and South China southward.

  A new round of strong air conditioning has cooled down locally in the middle and east of the road or exceeded 12℃

  However, when people in Northeast China and North China are discussing the new low temperature, a new round of strong cold air with larger scope and wider influence is already on the way.

  According to the forecast, starting from the night of 16th, a new round of strong cold air from the Mongolian Plateau will enter China, Inner Mongolia and northern Xinjiang, and will affect most of the central and eastern regions from north to south. Affected by this, there will be a large-scale gale cooling and rain and snow weather process from north to south in China from 16th to 18th.

  According to meteorologists, the intensity of this round of cold air is stronger than that of the cold air from 13th to 15th, and its influence is wider, which will have a more obvious impact on the cooling in the southern region. In addition, the impact of this round of cold air process is mainly caused by strong winds.

  According to the forecast, due to the influence of this round of strong cold air in the future, the temperature in most parts of the central and eastern regions will drop by 8 ~ 10℃, and the temperature in some areas will drop by more than 12℃, and the ground minimum temperature line of 0℃ will be pressed southward to the area along the Huaihe River in the early morning of the 19th. There are 4 ~ 6 northerly winds in most areas north of the Yangtze River, with gusts of 7 ~ 8, and 7 ~ 9 winds in the eastern and southern seas.

  In terms of precipitation, there will be small to medium snow or sleet in most parts of eastern Inner Mongolia and Northeast China, heavy snow in eastern Jilin, small to moderate rain in Huanghuai, Jianghuai, Jianghan, Jiangnan, eastern Southwest China and South China, and heavy rain in parts of Jiangnan. In addition, from 16th to 17th, there was little to medium snow or sleet and local heavy snow along Tianshan Mountains in northern Xinjiang.

  "This round of cold air process has the characteristics of fast moving speed, wide influence range and large cooling range. Cold air entered Inner Mongolia from the night of 16th to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River on the night of 17th. On the night of 18th, cold air will continue to move southward and reach the South China Sea. It can be said that in just two days, it swept across most areas in central and eastern China from north to south. " Sun Jun introduced.

  Regarding the impact of cold air on agriculture, Sun Jun introduced that around the 19th, early frost will appear in parts of the western and southern parts of Huanghuai, Jianghuai and other places, and the windy and cool rain and snow weather is not conducive to facility agriculture and animal husbandry production, late sowing of winter wheat and the growth of open-field vegetables. For the southern region, the rainfall in the south of the Yangtze River from 17th to 18th is slightly unfavorable to the drying of autumn harvest crops such as late rice, fruit harvesting and the robust growth of autumn sowing crops, but it is beneficial to increase the storage capacity of reservoirs and ponds.

  Why is cold air so frequent when winter comes too late?

  Recently, the cold air affecting China has been coming one after another. The temperature in many places from north to south has dropped rapidly in a short period of time, and many netizens lamented on social networks that "winter came off guard".

  For the frequent cold air attack, Sun Jun analyzed that the fundamental reason for the frequent cold air process in China in autumn and winter is the difference in thermal properties between land and sea.

  "In autumn and winter, the land will form a strong high pressure, and the ocean will form a low pressure. The horizontal pressure gradient force will make the atmosphere move from a place with high pressure to a place with low pressure. From the perspective of climate system, the reason why cold air frequently moves south in autumn and winter is that the subtropical system and tropical system move south, the warm and humid airflow moves south, and the ground cold high pressure tends to be active in the middle and high latitudes, so the northwest airflow guides the cold air mass to move south. " Sun Jun said.

  In the recent "Direct Weather — — In the program "Talking to Scientists", Wang Yongguang, the chief climate expert of the National Climate Center, predicted this winter’s climate, and said that from the previous data forecasting model and diagnostic analysis, China may still be warmer this winter, "the impact of warmer air quality can not be ignored, including Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and Yangtze River Delta region, and it is still necessary to strengthen prevention".

  As to how to define "cold winter" and "warm winter", Ding Yihui, academician of China Academy of Engineering and special adviser on climate change of China Meteorological Bureau, explained that the climate change can be described by two parameters, one is the average temperature, and the average temperature of a winter for 90 days exceeds the average for many years, which is warm winter, and the other is cold winter, which is the problem of average. Another parameter is extreme events, such as sudden and violent cooling in a few days in a winter and cold wave weather.

  "If the average is a warm winter, it does not mean that there will be strong cold events and warm events under this warm winter." Ding Yihui said.

Director Wang Keran: There are two magic weapons for the success of the drama market.

The Beijing News (Reporter Zhang Jianlin) On September 15th, 2023, the Beijing Cultural Forum "Integration of Literature and Tourism: Combining Literature and Plastic Tourism with Tourism" was held, which was the first national and international forum with the theme of "Integration of Literature and Tourism". At the forum, Wang Keran, the founder and director of Yanghua Drama, shared his story. He said that drama plays an important role in the integration of literature and tourism, and there are two magic weapons for the success of the drama market, among which the lofty spiritual core is the key to the long-term survival of drama.

On September 15th, Wang Keran, the founder and director of Yang Hua Drama, spoke at the parallel forum of "Integration of Literature and Tourism: Using Literature to Plastic Tourism and Using Tourism to Promote Literature" of the 2023 Beijing Cultural Forum. Beijing News reporter Wang Jianing photo

In June this year, Wang Keran and his team made a cultural trip in Europe. Starting from the French Actors’ Spring Drama Festival, they visited the People’s Theatre in Lyon, France, watched the commercial drama performance in Paris, and finally went to Vendai Province, where they were invited to visit the "Madman’s Country Drama Valley" for three days.

The local drama park has a history of 46 years in France, and there is no amusement equipment, but it can attract about 2.6 million tourists every year, and its annual operation period is only seven months. "When we went, we thought it was the same plan as all kinds of’ performing arts shows’ that we had seen in a dramatic way. However, on the day we arrived, everything we watched shocked me and the team." Wang Keran said.

Wang Keran and his party watched about 12 performances in three days, and each performance was performed in theaters of different specifications based on historical stories. Specification refers not only to the size, but also to different theater forms, including framed theaters of different sizes, live performance theaters, and some performances that build historical environments and present historical buildings. All performances have a huge scale, or shocking sound, light, electricity and mechanical systems.

"Those contents are all based on such a system that all performances are (around) the timeline from history to the present." Wang Keran said that they designed the content with themes such as the spirit of defending the country and the lofty sacrifice. And every play, performance and core expressed by these themes are permeated with the most important and core emotions of human beings since the formation of civilization.

The core performance of "Madman Country Drama Valley" is "Big Night Show". The "Big Night Show" has a daily audience of 15,000, and there are two performances every weekend from June to September every year. Because of the great temperature difference between day and night, only these months in summer are suitable for outdoor performances.

"I was very surprised to find that the performance was full, and its audience was composed of audiences in France and surrounding French-speaking areas, and it was not promoted to the whole world. However, it has relied on its own audience for 46 years, and every year, every month and every game has achieved a perfect full number. " Wang Keran said.

In addition, they found that the viewing ratio of adults and children was basically 1.5:1. Judging from the age of the children, there are six or seven years old and seventeen or eighteen years old. The "Big Night Show" shows the growth and struggle of this nation from the Middle Ages to the modern times, and presents the great spirit needed to protect the country and defend the country through various dramatic means.

In Wang Keran’s view, the souls of these shows are all real dramas and profound dramas, which can attract countless people to participate in a patriotic drama education action in 46 years.

"There are two magic weapons for the success of the drama market, one is entertainment, and the other is sublimity." Wang Keran believes that the core of the long-term survival of drama is sublimity, because entertainment can be constantly replaced by various technical means, and sublimity can always obtain the core height with tenacious vitality through drama.

Wang Keran said that literary travel has a huge space, and the action of the great and lofty drama soul can be an important support and combination in the integration of literary travel. Beijing can have business, but what we are more proud of in Beijing is that it can attach great soul to the action of commercial value.

Oladipo fell down again because of injury. What is the geometry of the wound on the former "Panther"?

Today, the Heat beat the Bucks again, and the total score of the series was 2-1. It was originally a great happy event, but it was not so happy to put it on the Heat’s head. The reason is that Oladipo was injured again, and the injury worried them. A simple layup in the fourth quarter, but Oladipo sat on the floor and couldn’t move. When he was carried off the field by his teammates, the Heat bowed their heads and prayed for him. The injury has knocked Oladipo down, and he is no longer brave.

Oladipo slipped during the layup and hurt his left knee. It’s really a bad year for the Heat. After two victories, two generals were injured, and the G1 victory was directly reimbursed by Hiro due to injury season. There is also no letter brother in the other team for two consecutive games, but he can still come back. After the injury, Oladipo retained his last stubbornness. He waved the stretcher away and limped off the field with the help of his teammates.

Heat coach Spoelstra said after the game: "We still don’t know his specific situation. We will have a specific examination tomorrow. I feel the same with everyone. This is a great victory, especially when you see a player fall like this, especially a player who has experienced a lot like Oladipo. I don’t know the specific situation now. " Adebayor released a piece of good news: "We haven’t got the latest information about Oladipo, but I think he will be fine because he can still walk."

Oladipo once brought beautiful enjoyment to the fans. In his early years in Magic and Thunder, his performance was very good. In the second season, he had already secured his starting position, but people were waiting for his carp yue longmen’s jump. Joining the Pacers in the 2017-18 season, he finally ushered in a leap season, averaging 23.1 points, 5.2 rebounds, 4.3 assists and 2.4 steals in the league. He was selected as the All-Star, the best team and the best defensive team for the first time and was elected as the player with the fastest progress.

In the 2018-19 season, he almost copied everything from last season, except for injuries. He has rested for 11 games at the beginning of the season, but the watershed of his career still appeared on January 24 at home against the Raptors. In this game, he accidentally tore the tendon of his right knee during a defense. The team doctor immediately covered his knee with a towel, and the Pacers later announced that Oladipo would be reimbursed for the injury season.

A rising star of the League in Ran Ran has been interacting with his sickbed all the year round. After a long period of recovery, Oladipo spent the second half of the season, the playoffs, the offseason and the initial stage of the new season, and only announced his comeback at the end of January 2020, and soon participated in the playoffs with the team.

Over time, Oladipo became interested in the South Coast Heat, which was reflected in the playoffs of the previous season. He will talk to Butler, Adebayor and others in the game. So, the Pacers took part in the Harden trade and sent Oladipo to the Rockets. The Rockets didn’t force anyone to stay, and sent Oladipo, who played for the team for 20 games, to the Heat.

But the fresh energy of coming to the Heat hasn’t passed yet, and Oladipo has to give in to injuries. The day before, he was injured in the game against the Lakers. The next day, the bad news came. Oladipo underwent quadriceps tendon repair surgery and was reimbursed for the season. This is the second season reimbursement of Oladipo’s career.

This time, Oladipo took a longer rest, and it didn’t arrive until March of the following year. Oladipo, who played eight games without stopping in the regular season, became a new force on the bench after the playoffs. After three games at the beginning of the playoffs, Oladipo didn’t fall down from the first round G4, and he met the Celtics all the way to Dongjue healthily, which is rare for him to linger on his deathbed all the year round.

In the 24 games before this season, Oladipo took a leave of absence, and it was not until December 2022 that he went into battle again. I didn’t expect to be hit by an injury today. Since the 2018-19 season, Oladipo’s attendance rate is only 35.3%, which is relatively low.

Low attendance sometimes makes players have a wrong self-perception. Oladipo’s current contract is 8.75 million yuan, and 9.45 million yuan in the last year needs him to implement the player option to get it. So far, he has no reason not to fulfill it. In his early years, when his four-year contract of $84 million expired, the Pacers offered him four years of 80 million and four years of 130 million, both of which were rejected by him. Later, the Rockets also offered him a two-year contract extension of $45 million, which of course was rejected by him. Today, I wonder if he will regret signing a basic salary with the Heat for one year.

In the NBA, there are many stars who linger on the sickbed prematurely because of injuries and have lost their prestige in the past. Oladipo will not be the last one. In his early years, he fell at the peak of his career, which was linked with endless rehabilitation, slowly melting away the last glimmer of glory and the last trace of disobedience. Unfortunately, Oladipo’s peak years had already ended in a hurry, leaving a lonely figure for later generations to comment on.

Rob someone! French media: The AFL is prepared to do whatever it takes to persuade Messi to join in and stop Mero from getting together.

In the second round of the quarter-final of the Champions League that ended in the middle of the week, Greater Paris lost to Bayern 0-2, and the total score was eliminated 0-3. Argentine superstar Messi failed to taste the Champions League for eight consecutive years. After being eliminated from the Champions League, the rumors about Messi’s transfer once again occupied the headlines of major media. Among them, the French media "L ‘Equipe" broke the news that Barcelona and Saudi Arabia may become Messi’s next stop, but at present, the American Professional League is taking all possible means to persuade Messi to join.

Although the 35-year-old Messi hopes to participate in the Champions League next season, some media said that the only offer he received came from Paris. For the Paris club with no ambition and the Paris fans who don’t respect themselves enough, Messi may have lost interest in staying in the team. At present, Greater Paris is facing the fate of MMN dissolution and reconstruction.

Messi’s potential next homes include Barcelona and Manchester City, but Barcelona is facing a "referee’s door" investigation. Once it is confirmed that Barcelona does have bribery, then Barcelona is likely to be deducted and disqualified from the Champions League next season. Although Guardiola has always been unable to hide his love for Messi, he has no plans to invite Messi to join. In this way, the Saudi League and the American Professional League have become Messi’s potential next homes.

Team newspaper said that Major League Baseball was ready to sign Messi at all costs, and this treatment would be comparable to Beckham’s joining Los Angeles Galaxy in 2007, that is, huge salary+franchise+Miami International (Beckham’s salary for five years was 30 million euros). The AFL wants to take Messi before the Saudis do it and stop Mero from meeting in Saudi Arabia.

Jerome Merry, the middleman between the European League and the American Professional League, confirmed this. Merry also revealed that if Messi joins, American local enterprises will flock to us. However, Merry finally said that it is unlikely that Messi will choose the American Professional League. Because Messi still has interesting sports in Paris, on the other hand, he still has the possibility of returning to Barcelona.