Hongjiaguang

  Hong Jiaguang, male, born in December 1979, Han nationality, party member, China Hangfa Shenyang Liming Aeroengine Co., Ltd., is a lathe worker and a senior technician.

  Aeroengine is known as the "crown jewel" of modern industry because of its wide range of fields and high technology content. Hong Jiaguang has participated in and been responsible for the development of core components and process equipment of various national aero-engines, which has played an important role in solving major and key problems in the development and batch production of a certain type of aircraft. The team he led provided strong technical support for the independent research and development of national aero-engines.

  Hong Jiaguang, male, born in 1979, Han nationality, party member of the Communist Party of China, bachelor degree, worker of China Hangfa Shenyang Liming Aeroengine Co., Ltd. Since he joined the work in 1998, he has become the chief technician enjoying the special allowance of the State Council through diligent study, hard training and innovation, and has seven national inventions and new practical patents. He integrated his personal ideals into the Chinese dream, and participated in and was responsible for the development of core components and process equipment of a certain type of aero-engine in China. And it is in an advanced position in promoting the transformation of technological achievements, popularizing new technologies and new processes, which is widely recognized by the industry; He takes serving the country with science and technology and strengthening the army as his responsibility, casting great powers and leading the team to create many achievements; He pays attention to the work of "passing, helping and leading", inherits the spirit of artisans and accumulates strength for the development of enterprises.

  With perseverance, Hong Jiaguang overcame technical difficulties, constantly innovated, and made great achievements. He successively won dozens of honorary titles, such as: Liaoning Model Worker, Liaoning Excellent Communist party member, Liaoning Craftsman, "First Prize" in the 7th "Revitalization Cup" National Vocational Skills Competition, National Technical Expert, National May 1st Labor Medal, National Most Beautiful Worker, National Most Beautiful Family, Chinese Youth May 4th Medal, etc.

  First, great country craftsmen show their spirit and scientific and technological progress show their charm.

  Aeroengine is known as the "crown jewel" of modern industry because of its wide range of fields and high technology content. Blade is the key load-bearing component of engine. It is urgent to break through the manufacturing technology of high-precision ultra-thick diamond roller for blade grinding. He led the team to set up a project to tackle key problems and break through this technology. He and his team members carefully studied the structural characteristics of blades, tried hard to figure out, looked for information, consulted literature, invited experts and did experiments. After continuous exploration and scientific research practice, his team independently developed the manufacturing technology of diamond rollers for aero-engine blade grinding. After the application of the results, the machining quality and qualified rate of aero-engine blades have been effectively improved, which has been highly praised by experts in the industry, providing strong technical support for the independent research and development of aero-engines. In the 2017 National Science and Technology Progress Award held in the State Council, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, through the evaluation of the National Science and Technology Awards Office, it won the highest award for technological innovation of the working class in China — — Second prize of national scientific and technological progress. Hong Jiaguang thus became the first industrial worker in the field of aero-engines in the new era to receive this honor.

  Second, stick to the post and undertake the mission to ensure that production does not relax.

  The rapid development of China’s aviation power industry has made the company’s production tasks extremely heavy. In order to meet the needs of the country, the company called on employees to work hard during the research of a certain type of engine. Hong Jiaguang set an example and responded to the call to be the first to move his luggage to the factory to support him. During the dry work, due to overwork and physical exhaustion, Hong Jiaguang accidentally dropped the workpiece and injured his left finger. The workers asked him to stop production immediately for medical treatment, but he said, "The injured area is small, it will be fine in a few days, and he will go after the urgent work in his hand." He just finished the day’s work. Busy during the day made him forget the pain, but he couldn’t sleep at night. Under the persuasion of his workmates, he went to the hospital for an examination, and the result was a serious comminuted fracture. The doctor asked him not to operate the equipment easily and rest for two months, but he ignored the doctor’s family’s advice and only rested at home for three days before returning to work. It took only one hand to operate the equipment for two months, and everyone said that he was "a desperate saburo and a crazy worker in the factory".

  Afterwards, he told his disciples: "Our country’s aero-engine has a weak foundation. If we want to get it up, we have to pay more than others. This is fairness; If you are as comfortable as others and live slowly, you will be better than others. This is an idiotic dream. "

  Third, broaden your thinking, increase efficiency, and drive innovation to help development

  Whenever he encounters a thorny problem, Hong Jiaguang always likes to sit down and think about it and try his best to find a way. Looking for shortcuts, he is good at adopting advanced processing methods and giving full play to the processing ability of equipment and tools. In the past twenty years, he has completed more than 200 technological innovations and solved more than 340 technical problems.

  Fourth, the beautiful and youthful Chinese dream, the model worker preaches ambition.

  Over the years, he has participated in the "My Chinese Dream — — The struggling youth is the most beautiful. "The sharing group goes to the grassroots activities. During the activity, he went to Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and other provinces and cities, as well as universities and enterprises in central enterprises, financial systems and railway systems, and held 56 stories sharing sessions. More than 900,000 young people interacted through new media. It has set an amiable, respectable, credible and learnable example for the vast number of young people, and has made positive contributions to guiding young people to integrate their personal dreams into the Chinese dream and focus on their solid struggle.

  Since 2017, Hong Jiaguang, as a model worker in Liaoning Province, has participated in the propaganda group of Liaoning Provincial Federation of Trade Unions to study and publicize the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and went to trade unions at all levels in the province and the broad masses of workers to thoroughly study, publicize and implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and understand the spirit of model workers and artisans. Combining with his own experience, he talked about how to innovate based on his post and told everyone: "As long as we take root, guided by the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era,

  Five, team building has achieved results, and talent training has promoted development.

  General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Talents are the most precious wealth for career development, and we must create a large-scale talent team with excellent quality, complete categories and reasonable structure." After working for 20 years, Hong Jiaguang has taken 13 apprentices, including 7 senior technicians, 2 technicians and 4 senior technicians, and has compiled the skill operation book of Machining Methods for Typical Parts of Aeroengines, and also recorded the video teaching material "Skills and Skills of Turning Workers", leaving the typical machining skills accumulated for many years and spreading them out. As the leader of "Hongjiaguang Model Worker Innovation Studio" and "Hongjiaguang Skill Master Workstation", he gave full play to the leading role, deeply explored and trained technical talents, served as the lathe coach of the national first-class and second-class vocational skills competitions for a long time and led the team to participate in the competitions. From 2013 to 2018, the young workers trained through the studio won two champions, two runners-up and fifth place in the finals of the "Revitalization Cup" National Youth Vocational Skills Competition. Over the years, Hong Jiaguang has trained more than 2,000 trainees, and made new explorations in the scientific, professional and large-scale training of "China craftsmen". With the joint efforts of him and the team, from 2015 to 2017, the team of Model Worker Innovation Studio declared and authorized 5 invention patents and 26 utility model patents, and at the same time, completed 82 technological innovations and key projects.61 achievements were transformed and 63 temporary technical problems were solved, creating and saving considerable economic benefits.

  Responsibility does not allow us to slack off, and mission does not allow us to stop. Hong Jiaguang will continue to uphold and strengthen the belief of "putting the country first, putting the family first, choosing one thing and being loyal to life", live up to his mission, unswervingly practice the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era with practical actions, work hard and innovate constantly with solid toughness, down-to-earth spirit and enduring belief, and strive to create a strong "China Heart", fly the blue sky dream in his heart and realize the "Chinese Dream" and "Strong Military Dream".

The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and other five departments jointly issued documents to further support the employment and entrepreneurship of migrant workers.

  CCTV News:According to the website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, a few days ago, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs and the National Rural Revitalization Bureau issued the "Implementation Opinions on Further Supporting Migrant Workers’ Employment and Entrepreneurship".

  The "Opinions" put forward that promoting the employment and entrepreneurship of migrant workers and poverty-stricken people is an important support for maintaining the overall stability of employment and a key measure to consolidate and expand the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively link with rural revitalization. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on efficiently coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, take multiple measures to stabilize growth and employment, and further support the employment and entrepreneurship of migrant workers and people out of poverty (including the monitoring object of preventing returning to poverty, the same below), the following opinions are put forward.

  First, support the stability of the employment of migrant workers

  (1) Strengthen the policy of stabilizing posts. We will fully implement policies such as deferred payment of social security fees, stable return of posts, training subsidies for staying at work, social insurance subsidies, etc., and implement "free application and enjoy" and "direct subsidy and quick operation" in light of the actual situation, focusing on supporting construction, manufacturing and service enterprises with concentrated employment of migrant workers to tide over the difficulties and stabilize the employment of migrant workers to the maximum extent. Accelerate the landing of projects that attract a large number of migrant workers and achieve good results, and play a role in promoting the employment of migrant workers as soon as possible.

  (2) Improve the job security service mechanism. Strengthen employment guidance for enterprises where migrant workers are located, jointly with relevant industry authorities, rely on public employment service agencies and operational human resources service agencies to open shared employment services in provinces or cities, and organize enterprises that temporarily stop work and enterprises with labor shortage to carry out adjustment of employment surplus and shortage. Adhere to consensus, organize the adjustment of surplus and shortage of employment according to laws and regulations, ensure the rights and interests of workers in shared employment, simultaneously promote stable employment and employment, and strive to stabilize migrant workers in the local area.

  Second, guide migrant workers to go out to work in an orderly manner

  (3) Improve the labor cooperation mechanism. On the basis of cooperation between the east and the west, counterpart support and intra-provincial cooperation mechanism, geographically adjacent provinces with close personnel exchanges can explore the establishment of regional labor cooperation alliances, promote information docking and training linkage within the region, provide support for migrant workers to go out to work, and provide "peer-to-peer" labor export as needed. Dynamically grasp the situation of migrant workers returning home, and form a list of employed people, unemployed people and those who are willing to go out in time. Improve the cross-regional employment service mechanism, mobilize market-oriented service agencies to participate, improve job collection, accurate matching, and efficient export of full-process services to help migrant workers who are willing to go out again.

  (4) Cultivate and develop labor service brands. Focus on the industry characteristics, regional characteristics, business service mode, etc. of labor brands, combine local resource endowments and cultural characteristics to create a number of well-known labor brands, cultivate a number of leading enterprises of labor brands, promote bigger, stronger and better, and improve the employment quality of migrant workers. Organize labor brand promotion activities, build a platform for exhibition and exchange, form a good atmosphere of catching up with learning, and promote the growth of more labor brands.

  (5) Improve the export service platform. In cities, counties, villages and areas where employment is concentrated, where migrant workers and poverty-stricken people are exported more, employment service sites should be set up reasonably to expand service supply, and cross-regional employment information should be provided for migrant workers immediately to help them go out to work in an orderly manner. Give full play to the role of human resources service institutions at all levels and provide efficient, low-cost and full-process labor export services for migrant workers. Human resources service institutions that organize a large number of migrant workers to go out to work and have good results will be given employment and entrepreneurship service subsidies according to regulations.

  Third, promote migrant workers to find jobs and start businesses nearby

  (6) Accelerate the development of county-level characteristic industries. In combination with the promotion of urbanization with the county as an important carrier, we will encourage new environmentally friendly and labor-intensive enterprises to enhance the employment carrying capacity of the county and provide more employment opportunities for migrant workers nearby. Build a modern agricultural industrial system, develop new industries and formats such as rural characteristic industries and rural e-commerce, promote the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and support the employment of migrant workers at their doorsteps.

  (7) Accelerate the development of nearby jobs. In accordance with the principle of "all applications can be exhausted", we will fully tap the employment potential of major projects in terms of the main project construction and ancillary temporary facilities, service guarantee, post-construction management and protection, vigorously implement work-for-work relief around the construction tasks and employment links suitable for manual operation and labor-intensive, attract local migrant workers to participate in the project construction, increase the scale of labor remuneration as much as possible, and create conditions for migrant workers to increase their employment and income nearby. In combination with the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, we will continue to promote rural construction actions and rural human settlements improvement actions, and develop more rural grassroots service management positions. Relying on county-level agricultural and sideline products, cultural tourism and other resources, we will actively develop jobs suitable for the characteristics and needs of rural left-behind people.

  (eight) to accelerate the return to the countryside to start a business. We will implement key group entrepreneurship promotion actions, set up a group of entrepreneurial service experts, and provide professional services such as policy consultation and business guidance for migrant workers returning home to start businesses. Strengthen the pilot demonstration, excavate typical cases, build high-quality entrepreneurial parks and business incubation bases, and recommend entrepreneurial projects with obvious employment and good development prospects to settle in. We will promote policies such as business guarantee loans, tax reduction and exemption, venue arrangement, and one-time business start-up subsidies, and provide entrepreneurial support such as cultivation, incubation, and acceleration for migrant workers to return home to start businesses.

  Fourth, strengthen the employment service guarantee for migrant workers

  (9) Providing employment services accurately. Unemployed migrant workers are allowed to register for unemployment in their permanent residence, place of employment and place of insurance, and provide basic public employment services such as vocational guidance and employment introduction equally, implement employment support policies, and promote the realization of job transfer as soon as possible. Optimize the odd job service, increase the collection and promotion of odd job information, establish an "instant quick recruitment" service mechanism, and mobilize human resources service institutions to provide high-quality and efficient professional services. Promote new offline service modes such as "screen dialogue" and "non-contact interview", organize offline recruitment activities in an orderly manner, and optimize the online service of "internet plus Employment" to meet the employment needs of migrant workers.

  (ten) to carry out all kinds of training at all levels. Focusing on the urgently needed jobs in the market, we will provide targeted skills training and safety knowledge training for migrant workers who are willing to go out, vigorously carry out training in new occupations and new formats, encourage and support the acquisition of skill level certificates, accelerate the combination of production and training, improve the pertinence and effectiveness of training, and subsidize those who meet the requirements according to regulations. Actively promote the skills training of local talents in agriculture and rural areas needed for rural construction, provide all kinds of modern agricultural technology training such as breeding and other agricultural technology training for migrant workers who are unwilling to go out, enhance the development ability of agricultural and rural industries and the management ability of new agricultural business entities, help stabilize income levels, and train a number of highly skilled talents in agriculture and rural areas and rural craftsmen.

  (eleven) earnestly safeguard labor rights and interests. Guide enterprises to employ workers according to laws and regulations, and protect the legitimate labor rights and interests of migrant workers. If the enterprise cancels or terminates the labor contract of migrant workers according to law, it shall urge the enterprise to pay labor remuneration and economic compensation according to law. We will continue to deepen the eradication of wage arrears, smooth online and offline channels for safeguarding rights, investigate and deal with illegal issues such as wage arrears for migrant workers in accordance with the law, intensify the handling of labor disputes, and strive to settle the case. Support conditional areas to establish labor rights protection consulting service points in areas where migrant workers are concentrated in employment, set up rights protection information billboards, express labor rights protection related information, and provide free rights protection consulting services.

  (twelve) do a good job in employment support for older migrant workers. Collect information on jobs and odd jobs suitable for older migrant workers, and continuously publish them in the special recruitment activities for migrant workers. Respect the employment needs of older migrant workers and the employment needs of enterprises, guide enterprises to arrange jobs reasonably according to the physical condition of migrant workers, strengthen the management of production safety, and carry out occupational health checkups on a regular basis. It is not allowed to "cut across the board" on the grounds of age. Older migrant workers who have employment needs can go to public employment service agencies for job registration and enjoy free public employment services.

  Five, the implementation of the action to prevent poverty and employment.

  (thirteen) do a good job in monitoring employment and unemployment. Relying on the national anti-poverty monitoring information system, we will focus on the unemployed and unstable people out of poverty and establish employment assistance accounts. Strengthen the comparison with unemployment registration, participation in social insurance and other information, regularly carry out telephone contact and door-to-door visits, accurately grasp the employment and unemployment status, timely discover the signs and tendencies, and update relevant data in the national anti-poverty monitoring information system on a monthly basis.

  (fourteen) the implementation of priority employment assistance. Take the poverty-stricken population as the priority protection object of organized labor export, encrypt the post collection and release, speed up the labor export organization, and promote the poverty-stricken population to be willing to give up. We will fully implement policies such as the return of unemployment insurance and social insurance subsidies, guide enterprises to give priority to retaining people out of poverty, and give priority to providing job-transfer services to unemployed people to help them achieve re-employment as soon as possible. Strengthen the recommendation of nearby jobs, and orderly undertake the return of poverty-stricken people through work-for-relief projects, employment assistance workshops, and rural public welfare posts. Taking the number of jobs absorbed by poverty-stricken people as the basic standard for identifying employment assistance workshops, the employment assistance workshops will be rewarded with subsidies to promote rural revitalization through convergence.

  (fifteen) to strengthen the tilt of key areas. Focus on the national rural revitalization key help counties, relocate large resettlement areas, rely on the cooperation mechanism between the east and the west and the cooperation mechanism within the province, continue to implement the special action of employment assistance, intensively carry out job placement and recruitment activities, and build a number of industrial projects, enterprise entities and employment assistance workshops to ensure that the employment scale of local poverty-stricken people remains stable. We will deepen the employment mechanism in ex situ relocation and resettlement areas in proportion, and arrange a certain proportion of posts for government-invested construction projects, work-for-relief projects around resettlement areas, grassroots service management and public service projects to absorb the employment of relocated people.

  (sixteen) increase the resettlement security. Make good use of all kinds of existing rural public welfare posts, and resettle the poverty-stricken population who are "unable to leave their homes and have no job to help" and have the willingness to work and the ability to do their jobs, and shall not set unnecessary restrictions such as age and disability in addition to the existing regulations. Give full consideration to the number of local people out of poverty, the degree of employment difficulties, income level and job responsibilities, scientifically set the total number of jobs, reasonably determine the post subsidy standard, guide employers to participate in work-related injury insurance or purchase personal accident insurance for on-the-job personnel according to regulations, and sign labor contracts or labor service agreements according to law, with each signing period not exceeding one year. Supervise and urge employers to strengthen the supervision of on-the-job personnel to perform their duties, and regularly assess the effectiveness of work, abide by rules and regulations and work discipline. For those who are engaged in part-time rural public welfare posts, under the premise of ensuring the strict performance of their duties, they can adopt moderate and flexible management methods and allow them to engage in other flexible employment at the same time. If the income from flexible employment exceeds the scope of local poverty prevention monitoring, they should quit their posts.

  All localities should attach great importance to the employment and entrepreneurship of migrant workers and poverty-stricken people, further compact their work responsibilities, dynamically grasp the employment and unemployment situation, and provide targeted employment assistance in a timely manner. Please report any major problems in your work in time.

The main indicators have generally improved, and the foundation of recovery still needs to be consolidated-focusing on the national economic operation data in the first eight months

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 16 th: The main indicators have generally improved, and the foundation for recovery still needs to be consolidated — — Focus on the data of national economic operation in the first eight months

  Xinhua News Agency reporters Wei Yukun and Zou Duowei

  According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on the 16th, in August, the national economy continued to resume its development trend, production demand rose steadily, employment prices were generally stable, and most indicators were better than last month, but the foundation for recovery still needs to be consolidated.

  The economy continues to recover its development trend.

  Fu Linghui, spokesperson of the National Bureau of Statistics, said at the press conference of the State Council Office held on the 16th that in August, in the face of multiple unexpected tests, such as complex and severe international environment, frequent outbreaks of domestic epidemics and extreme high temperature weather, all localities and departments intensified their efforts to implement a package of policies to stabilize the economy and continue policies and measures, accelerated the release of policy effectiveness, and the national economy continued to resume its development trend, with most indicators better than last month.

  Production and supply have risen steadily — —

  In August, the added value of industrial enterprises above designated size increased by 4.2% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.4 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. Among them, the recovery of the automobile industry accelerated. In August, the automobile output increased by 39%, and the added value of the automobile industry increased by more than 30%.

  The service industry continued to recover. In August, the service industry production index increased by 1.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 1.2 percentage points higher than that of the previous month.

  Improvement of domestic market demand — —

  The consumption promotion policy continued to exert its strength, the consumption potential in key areas was gradually released, and the market sales scale continued to expand. In August, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 5.4% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 2.7 percentage points higher than that of the previous month. In the first eight months, the national fixed asset investment increased by 5.8% year-on-year, and the growth rate was 0.1 percentage point faster than that in January-July.

  New kinetic energy continues to grow — —

  Innovation led to continuous enhancement, and new industries and new products grew better. From January to August, the added value of high-tech manufacturing industries above designated size increased by 8.4% year-on-year, and investment in high-tech industries increased by 20.2%. In August, the output of new energy vehicles, mobile communication base station equipment and solar cells increased by 117%, 25.7% and 21.6% respectively.

  The new format is more active and the driving force of new consumption is enhanced. From January to August, the online retail sales of physical goods increased by 5.8% year-on-year, 0.1 percentage point faster than that from January to July.

  Employment prices are generally stable — —

  In August, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.3%, down 0.1 percentage point from the previous month; The consumer price index rose by 2.5% year-on-year, down 0.2 percentage points from last month.

  "On the whole, under the influence of multiple factors such as shrinking external demand, spreading domestic epidemic and extreme high temperature weather, the economy continued to recover under pressure and operated in a reasonable range, and the main indicators showed positive changes." Fu Linghui said.

  The foundation of economic recovery still needs to be consolidated.

  While seeing the continued recovery of the economy, Fu Linghui said at the press conference that we should also see that the international environment is still complicated at this stage, and the impact of changes in the external situation is still uncertain. The "triple pressure" of shrinking domestic demand, supply shock and expected weakening continues to appear, and the foundation of economic recovery is still not solid.

  At present, the recovery of domestic demand is still slow compared with the recovery of production, and the contradiction of insufficient demand is more prominent. In August, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 5.4% year-on-year, but decreased by 0.05% month-on-month. Investment growth in some areas has slowed down.

  "In the next stage, we should continue to make good use of policy-oriented and development-oriented financial instruments, revitalize the local balance limit of special bonds, promote social investment, support the upgrading of equipment in weak areas of economic and social development, increase the stamina and raise the level, and expand the domestic market demand." Fu Linghui said.

  Industrial production declined in some areas. In August, the industrial production in Sichuan, Chongqing and other places affected by extreme high temperature weather declined greatly.

  The real estate market is still in the downward process, and the year-on-year decline in real estate development investment has expanded. In the first eight months, investment in real estate development decreased by 7.4% year-on-year, which was 1 percentage point higher than that in January-July.

  "It still needs a process to improve the transmission from sales to real estate investment and production. We must continue to make efforts to promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market. " Fu Linghui said.

  Fu Linghui said that it is necessary to continue to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, pay close attention to stabilizing the economic package and succeeding policies and measures, keep the economic operation in a reasonable range, and strive to achieve the best results.

  The policy of stabilizing the economy has been accelerated and the economy is expected to recover.

  Fu Linghui said that although the current external situation is still complicated and severe, and the domestic economic recovery still faces many difficulties and challenges, the long-term fundamentals of China’s economy and the factors supporting high-quality development have not changed, and a series of policies to stabilize the economy and the effectiveness of successive policies and measures have been accelerated, and China’s economy is expected to recover.

  Domestic demand is gradually expanding. From the perspective of investment, the steady investment policy has been continuously strengthened, the project start-up guarantee has been enhanced, and the number of newly started projects and the planned total investment have maintained rapid growth, which is conducive to the steady growth of infrastructure and manufacturing investment. From the perspective of consumption, employment is generally stable, and under the effect of accurate epidemic prevention and control and consumption promotion policies, household consumption is expected to gradually recover.

  Safe development is guaranteed. This year, the output of summer grain and early rice has increased, the growth of autumn grain is generally stable, and the coal and electricity security has been strengthened, which has provided a good guarantee for the smooth operation of the economy. The supply chain of domestic industrial chain has been continuously strengthened. For example, the automobile industry, which was greatly troubled by the "lack of core" in the early stage, has maintained rapid growth this year.

  A few days ago, the the State Council executive meeting decided to further extend the time limit for tax deferral in manufacturing industry, determine special refinancing and financial interest subsidies to support equipment renovation in some areas, deploy measures to further stabilize foreign trade and foreign investment, and help the economy consolidate and restore its foundation.

  "The package policy of stabilizing the economy and the continuation policy were launched in a timely manner, and the implementation of macro policies was reasonably strengthened to give play to the combined effect and enhance the development potential." Fu Linghui said that in the next stage, with the continuous efforts of the policy, it will promote the economic recovery and sustainable development.

Investigation on college students’ eating habits: nearly 50% had overeating, and nearly 80% did not exercise after meals.

  China Youth Network, Beijing, October 11th After class at night, Wang Meng, a student of Changsha Medical College, received a WeChat from her mother, telling her to eat on time, eat less cold food and pay more attention to her health to avoid the recurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. In the past few days, the temperature has dropped in most parts of the country. Many parents are worried about the health of their children who are studying abroad, and tell them to add clothes, eat a reasonable diet and eat more hot meals. So, do college students insist on eating breakfast every day? Do you have the habit of overeating? Are you picky about food? Do you exercise after meals?

  Recently, China Youth Network Campus News Agency conducted a questionnaire survey on the topic of eating habits among 3,069 college students. The results show that nearly 50% of college students can’t insist on eating breakfast every day, nearly half of them have overeating, over 40% of them have the habit of being picky eaters, over 30% of them have the concept of "eat whatever they want", nearly 80% of them don’t exercise after meals, and nearly 40% of them have suffered from gastrointestinal diseases because of their eating habits.

The picture shows the proportion of college students eating breakfast. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

The picture shows the proportion of college students eating breakfast. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

  Nearly 50% of students can’t insist on eating breakfast every day, and nearly half have overeating.

  "I eat breakfast more often than ‘ Occasionally ’ Still low. " Chen Yang, a junior in xinxiang university, told the reporter that he had only eaten breakfast two or three times since the beginning of this semester, and his parents "pulled" him out of bed to eat, while at school, he hardly ate breakfast. The reasons for not eating breakfast are that the class time is tight and I want to sleep late, and I have not developed the habit of eating breakfast every day.

  In the survey, the reporter found that there are not a few college students who have similar experiences with Chen Yang, and 47.28% of the respondents said that they can’t insist on eating breakfast every day, and the main reasons for not eating breakfast are time constraints, sleeping late and loss of appetite, accounting for 67.45%, 49.27% and 35.48% respectively. In addition, 47.05% of the respondents said that they had bad eating habits such as overeating.

  Lin Wei studied in Guangdong University of Technology, and once had overeating when he finished the homework of the basic course of mechanical design. He recalled that at that time, he worked as a part-time tutor every night, and when he came back, he caught up with his homework. In many cases, he would do course design all night. At night, he would buy eggs, cakes, fried rice, pancake fruit, octopus balls, chicken rolls, bread and milk as supper, and mix them back and forth, eating three or four midnight snacks a night.

  "There are always times when I want to treat myself." After going to college, Lin Wei will overeat because of too many things, heavy tasks and great pressure. He will also overeat because of long-term intensive study and relaxation after work. Sometimes he will want to eat a lot of things for no reason.

The picture shows the proportion of college students' dietary concepts. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

The picture shows the proportion of college students’ dietary concepts. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

  Over 40% have the habit of partial eclipse and picky eaters, and over 30% mean "eat whatever you want"

  Wang Ying is a student of Zaozhuang College. She eats mainly staple food and vegetables every day and doesn’t like meat. In her daily diet, she will exclude most meat such as pork. "I like to eat vegetables and tomatoes. Only chicken and fish will eat a little bit of meat, and others can’t accept it." According to the survey data of China Youth Network Campus News Agency, 42.75% college students are picky eaters and partial eaters, and 34.47% college students’ dietary concept is "eat whatever they want".

  Li Hongwen, a student of Qingchuan College in Wuhan, is a typical "eat whatever you want". He said that when eating, he would only consider what he likes to eat. "I belong to the kind that I want to eat, and I can run all over the city for what I want to eat. For me, I eat what I want every day, and I am especially happy to think that I can eat delicious food after studying and working. " This makes him more motivated in his usual study and work.

The picture shows whether college students exercise after meals. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

The picture shows whether college students exercise after meals. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

  Nearly 80% do not exercise after meals, and nearly 40% of students have suffered from gastrointestinal diseases because of their eating habits.

  Wang Su, a student from Donghai College of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, has no idea of exercising after meals. After meals, he often stays in the dormitory and is busy with his studies and work. "I am busy, I often have something temporary, and I don’t eat regularly. I don’t want to move when I am busy." He said that he knew the health benefits of exercise after meals, but "everyone was very busy, really didn’t have time, and he didn’t like exercise very much" became the reason why he gave up the idea of exercise after meals.

  The results of this survey show that 79.6% of the respondents, like Wang Su, "will not exercise after meals". In addition, 38.91% of the respondents had caused gastrointestinal diseases because of eating habits.

  Pi Qianqian of Pingdingshan University is a member of the battle for postgraduate entrance examination. During the summer vacation, she suffered from acute gastroenteritis due to irregular diet, which made her miserable. "My stomach is super painful. I cried so hard that I went to see a doctor outside the school, and my whole body was shaking."

  "Everyone must eat well." Pi Qianqian said that she was faced with intense review during the postgraduate entrance examination, and she had to go to the library to review at five or six in the morning. Breakfast was basically a "fool" in the past, and dinner was often eaten after the review at night, which eventually led to acute gastroenteritis. "Now have a good meal. I dare not get sick again during the postgraduate entrance examination. It is too time-consuming."

The picture shows the proportion of college students who have had gastrointestinal diseases due to their eating habits. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

The picture shows the proportion of college students who have had gastrointestinal diseases due to their eating habits. China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi cartography

  College teachers suggest that we should develop good eating habits and exercise reasonably.

  Ma Shutan, a food science counselor at Anhui Normal University, believes that some college students don’t have good work and rest habits, which leads to their inability to insist on eating breakfast. "Students are still very young and have not realized the importance of eating habits to themselves."

  "The body is the capital of the revolution, which not only requires us to pay attention to exercise, but also pay attention to our own diet and lay a good foundation for ourselves." As a counselor and companion around students, Ma Shushan hopes that students can pay attention to their living habits, reasonably match their meals, and replenish their energy on time and in quantity, so as to have a strong body.

  For the results of this survey, Zhao Qiong, a preventive medicine teacher at Chongqing Medical College, said that these dietary problems are indeed common among college students, and students should reasonably arrange three meals a day according to the six dietary guidelines recommended by China Nutrition Society, that is, "the food is diverse, mainly cereals; Eat balance, healthy weight; Eat more fruits and vegetables, milk and soybeans; Eat fish, poultry, eggs and lean meat in moderation; Less salt and less oil, controlling sugar and alcohol; Put an end to waste, promote new food, and ensure both quantity and quality.

  Zhao Qiong also suggested that there should be more than 12 kinds of foods that are not repeated every day and more than 25 kinds a week; Exercise at least 5 days a week, and do moderate-intensity exercise for more than 30 minutes a day; Do not exercise immediately after meals, so as not to affect the digestion of food. (At the request of the interviewee, the students in this article are all pseudonyms.)

  (China Youth Network reporter Li Huaxi correspondent Jiang Yujun)

One-week procuratorial hot spots (February 10-February 23)


Cao Jianming visited and expressed condolences to the leaders of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate on behalf of all procuratorial police officers to extend New Year greetings.

On the eve of the Spring Festival, Cao Jianming, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, visited or telephoned to express condolences to Comrade Zhang Siqing, Han Zhubin and Jia Chunwang, and extended sincere greetings and New Year wishes to the old leaders on behalf of the Supreme Procuratorate Party Group and all procuratorial police officers. [detailed]

Cao Jianming presided over a symposium of some NPC deputies to solicit opinions and suggestions on the work report.

On the afternoon of February 11th, Cao Jianming, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, hosted a symposium for some NPC deputies in Beijing to solicit opinions and suggestions on the Work Report of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate (Draft for Comment). [detailed]

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate supervised 33 clues of public interest litigation cases that damaged the ecological environment.

In order to fully perform the duty of protecting public interests and further strengthen the handling of cases, the Civil Administrative Procuratorate Office of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate issued a notice and decided to supervise 33 clues of public interest litigation cases that damaged the ecological environment. These clues were discovered by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate in sorting out the supervised cases since 2017 and the recent news media disclosure of relevant issues of concern to all sectors of society. [detailed]

Supreme inspection: further strict discipline and rules to ensure a clean and upright atmosphere during the Spring Festival.

The Spring Festival of 2018 is approaching. In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the eight central regulations and their detailed rules for implementation, further strictly observe discipline and rules, prevent the rebound of the "four winds" issue and ensure a clean and upright atmosphere during the Spring Festival, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate recently reported seven mental problems of prosecutors violating the eight central regulations. [detailed]

The national procuratorial organs’ special supervision activities to help solve the problem of migrant workers’ wages have achieved remarkable results.

On February 15, 2018, the national procuratorial organs’ two-month special supervision activities to help solve the problem of migrant workers’ wages came to an end. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate will conscientiously sum up experience, establish and improve a long-term mechanism for normalization of procuratorial supervision, prevent and punish malicious unpaid wages, and make it no longer difficult for migrant workers to ask for wages. [detailed]

The Supreme People’s Procuratorate collectively learns the procuratorial office management information system.

On the morning of February 11th, the 73rd meeting of the 12th Procuratorial Committee of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate collectively studied the procuratorial office management information system. The Supreme People’s Procuratorate Procurator-General Cao Jianming, Deputy Procurators-General Qiu Xueqiang, Xu Xianming and Li Rulin, Party member Xu Weiguo, CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection’s head of the Supreme Inspection and Discipline Inspection Team Wang Xingning, Deputy Procurator-General Zhang Xueqiao, full-time members of the Inspection Committee Zhang Deli, Lu Xi and Chen Guoqing, members of the General Physical Examination Committee, and heads of relevant departments of the Supreme Inspection took part in the study. [detailed]

The Supreme Inspection Party Group held the 2017 annual democratic life meeting.

According to the central plan, on the morning of February 9th, the the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Party Group held the 2017 annual democratic life meeting, closely following the theme of earnestly studying and understanding the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, firmly safeguarding the authority of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and centralized and unified leadership, comprehensively implementing the decisions and arrangements of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, closely following the "four focuses" and centering on the "six focuses", making in-depth analysis of party spirit, and earnestly carrying out criticism and self-criticism. Cao Jianming, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, presided over the meeting and made a concluding speech. [detailed]

Qiu Xueqiang: Leading a New Journey with Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era.

On February 11th, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate held a symposium for all cadres of the General Administration of Anti-Corruption, with the theme of studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era and the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and resolutely supporting, fully supporting and consciously cooperating with deepening the reform of the state supervision system. Qiu Xueqiang, deputy secretary and deputy procurator-general of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, demanded that Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era should be thoroughly studied and applied, so as to have a deeper understanding of the significance of grasping the major decision-making arrangements for the reform of the state supervision system and strive to adapt to the new position, new role and new requirements. [detailed]

Interview with the Director of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate: Gao Jingfeng, Deputy Director of the Office of Reform and Reform, talks about deepening the comprehensive reform of the judicial system.

On February 22, Gao Jingfeng, deputy director of the Reform Office of the Supreme Procuratorate, visited the interview room to introduce the overall situation of the judicial system reform of the procuratorial organs in 2017, the implementation of the judicial responsibility system, the reform of the criminal procedure system, and the reform of the public interest litigation system initiated by the procuratorial organs, as well as the work plan for the reform of the procuratorial organs in 2018. [detailed]

Interview with the Director of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate: Song Hansong, Director of the Fourth Anti-Corruption Bureau, talks about the pursuit of "100 Hongtong" personnel.

On February 13th, Song Hansong, director of the Fourth Bureau of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate Anti-Corruption and Bribery Bureau, visited the interview room, and introduced online the achievements made by the procuratorial organs in cracking down on duty crimes in the field of poverty alleviation, promoting international pursuit and recovery, improving the scientific level of investigation and prevention, and standardizing the special rectification of judicial behavior. [detailed]

The highest seizure evaluation was the TOP10 of the 2017 annual general list of government affairs Penguin and the 2017 annual general list of central state organs Penguin.

Recently, Tencent Government released the 2017 annual general list of government affairs Penguin and the 2017 annual general list of central state organs Penguin, and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate was among the top ten in the list. Among them, in the 2017 annual list of government penguin, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate ranked sixth in the list; In the 2017 annual general list of Penguin, the central state organ, the Supreme People’s Procuratorate ranked second. [detailed]

Some NPC deputies in Gansu inspected the procuratorial work in Gansu.

Recently, the Standing Committee of Gansu Provincial People’s Congress organized 27 deputies to the National People’s Congress in Gansu to visit the provincial procuratorate. The inspection activities were carried out in the form of visits and symposiums. Zhu Yu, the chief procurator of Gansu Provincial Procuratorate, accompanied the inspection and presided over the symposium to listen to the opinions and suggestions of NPC deputies on the procuratorial work in Gansu. [detailed]

Tianjin procuratorate prosecuted Sun Zhengcai’s suspected bribery case according to law.

The case of Sun Zhengcai, former member of the 18th the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and former secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee, was investigated by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, assigned jurisdiction according to law, and transferred to the First Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate for review and prosecution. Recently, the First Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution with Tianjin No.1 Intermediate People’s Court. [detailed]

The procuratorial organs prosecuted Su Shulin, Lu Enguang and Wang Yincheng according to law.

Recently, the procuratorial organs in Shanghai, Henan and Fujian have prosecuted Su Shulin, former deputy secretary of the CPC Fujian Provincial Committee and former governor of Fujian Provincial People’s Government, for alleged bribery and abuse of power by state-owned enterprise personnel, Lu Enguang, former member of the Party Committee of the Ministry of Justice and former director of the Political Department, for alleged bribery and unit bribery, and Wang Yincheng, former deputy secretary of the Party Committee and president of China People’s Insurance Group Co., Ltd., for alleged bribery. [detailed]

The People’s Procuratorate of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region transferred Lin Xiaoxuan’s case of suspected bribery and unclear source of huge amount of property for review and prosecution.

A few days ago, the case of Lin Xiaoxuan (director level), the former chief information officer of China Minsheng Bank, suspected of accepting bribes and the crime of huge amounts of property with unknown sources was investigated by the People’s Procuratorate of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and transferred to the public prosecution department for review and prosecution. [detailed]

Tianjin procuratorate prosecuted Sun Zhengcai’s suspected bribery case according to law.

The case of Sun Zhengcai, former member of the 18th the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and former secretary of the Chongqing Municipal Committee, was investigated by the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, assigned jurisdiction according to law, and transferred to the First Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate for review and prosecution. Recently, the First Branch of Tianjin People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution with Tianjin No.1 Intermediate People’s Court. [detailed]

The procuratorate of Hunan Province prosecuted Cao Mingqiang according to law.

A few days ago, Cao Mingqiang (deputy department level), former director of the Fourth Department of Discipline Inspection and Supervision of the Hunan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection, was suspected of accepting bribes and abusing his power. After being appointed by the Hunan Provincial People’s Procuratorate, the Yueyang Municipal People’s Procuratorate filed a public prosecution with the Yueyang Intermediate People’s Court according to law. [detailed]

Xinjiang: Persevere in Promoting the Comprehensive and Strict Administration of the Party.

Recently, the Procuratorate of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region held a conference on building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work for procuratorial organs in Xinjiang, demanding that procuratorial organs at all levels in Xinjiang persistently promote the comprehensive and strict management of the party and the comprehensive and strict inspection and development in depth. [detailed]

Ningxia: deploy the work of building a clean and honest party style this year

A few days ago, the Procuratorate of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region held a video conference on building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work, and deployed the work of building a clean and honest party style of procuratorial organs in this region this year. [detailed]

Sichuan launched a comprehensive special struggle to eliminate evils.

On February 11th, the Sichuan Provincial Procuratorate set up a leading group and offices, and at the same time formulated and issued a specific work plan to fully engage in the special struggle against evil. [detailed]

Henan: democratic life meeting of leading bodies held.

On February 9, the Henan Provincial Procuratorate held the 2017 annual democratic life meeting of the leading group. Gu Xuefei, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Institute, put forward four requirements of "correct attitude, strict standards, straight to the point, and democratic unity", and took the lead in making a comparative inspection and carrying out criticism and self-criticism. [detailed]

Sichuan: comprehensively carry out the special struggle against evil

On February 11th, the Sichuan Provincial Procuratorate set up a leading group and offices, and at the same time formulated and issued a specific work plan to fully engage in the special struggle against evil. [detailed]

Beijing: maintaining public welfare has achieved results

Beijing procuratorial organs firmly grasp the core of "public welfare", and combine Beijing’s strategic positioning and overall urban planning and layout to increase the protection of ecological environment and resources. At the same time, actively carry out normalized communication with the administrative departments, urge the administrative organs to take the initiative to perform their duties through procuratorial suggestions, and promote administration according to law and the construction of a government ruled by law. [detailed]

Henan: democratic life meeting of leading bodies held.

On February 9, the Henan Provincial Procuratorate held the 2017 annual democratic life meeting of the leading group. Gu Xuefei, Party Secretary and Procurator-General of the Institute, put forward four requirements of "correct attitude, strict standards, straight to the point, and democratic unity", and took the lead in making a comparative inspection and carrying out criticism and self-criticism. [detailed]

Yunnan: promoting the procuratorial organs to strictly manage the party in an all-round way.

On February 8, a conference on building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work of procuratorial organs in Yunnan Province was held. Li Ning, procurator-general of Yunnan Provincial Procuratorate, signed letters of responsibility for building a clean and honest party style with procurators of 17 municipal procuratorates. [detailed]

Shaanxi: Strengthen the supervision of judicial handling and eight hours outside.

On February 8, Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate held a conference on building a clean and honest party style and anti-corruption work. Yang Chunlei, Procurator-General of Shaanxi Provincial Procuratorate, stressed that it is necessary to adhere to the strict administration of the Party and the procuratorial work in an all-round way, strengthen supervision over judicial cases and eight hours later, consciously accept supervision stationed, strengthen discipline construction and work style construction, and further promote its own anti-corruption work, so as to provide a strong guarantee for the healthy development of procuratorial work in the new era. [detailed]

Inner Mongolia: Honoring Third Class Merit for 13 Individuals

On February 8, the Procuratorate of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region held an annual appraisal and commendation meeting to commend 9 advanced collectives, honor 13 comrades with personal third-class merit and commend 41 comrades. [detailed]

Xinjiang: faithfully performing duties and maintaining long-term social stability

Recently, a meeting of the 13th National People’s Congress of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region deliberated and adopted the work report of the procuratorate of the autonomous region. The report puts forward the working ideas for 2018, requiring procuratorial organs in Xinjiang to keep in mind the mission, clarify the tasks, focus on the overall goal to maintain social stability, serve to ensure high-quality economic development, solidly promote the reform of the judicial system, and make new contributions to creating a new situation of stable development in Xinjiang. [detailed]

Shanghai: hold a video conference on building a clean and honest party style.

On February 7th, the Shanghai Procuratorate held a video conference on the construction of party style and clean government in the city’s procuratorial organs to inform the work of the construction of party style and clean government in the city’s procuratorial organs in 2017. The main person in charge of the municipal hospital and the person in charge of the department signed a letter of responsibility for the construction of party style and clean government respectively. [detailed]

Chongqing: "Double Improvement" of Mass Satisfaction and Judicial Credibility

On February 6, the Chongqing Municipal Government held a news briefing to announce the survey data of Chongqing people’s sense of security, satisfaction of political and legal teams and judicial credibility in 2017. In 2017, the people’s sense of security in Chongqing was 96.92%, which maintained an upward trend for five consecutive years. [detailed]

Have you ever wondered who invented bpmf when you are crazy about teaching your baby pinyin?

2018 marks the 60th anniversary of the National People’s Congress’s approval and promulgation of the Chinese Pinyin Scheme. In fact, it has been more than 400 years since Latin alphabet was used to phonetic Chinese characters.

Before the birth of hanyu pinyin, in order to promote the communication between the East and the West, Chinese character reformers have conducted in-depth research and formulated many influential Latin schemes for Chinese characters in order to popularize education and reduce illiteracy rate. These phonetic schemes also have a great influence on the phonetic schemes of modern Chinese (Putonghua).

Topic of this issue:Xu Chunwei is a private history columnist in The Paper and a columnist in Netease history.

Member of Literature and History Committee of zhenhai district CPPCC in Ningbo, member of Ningbo Local Records Society. The academic representative of the 8th and 9th International Symposium on Wu Dialect submitted a research paper on Ningbo Dialect with phonetic notation and Wittoma Pinyin, and was the first person to deduce the dialect phonology of Huaying Dictionary in Wu dialect circle.

If you are interested in the history of Chinese Pinyin (Latin Chinese characters) and the history of Chinese Pinyin literature, please click here to participate in the topic interaction.

When and who invented Chinese Pinyin?

Auspicious and elegant:Hello! When did Chinese Pinyin come into being? Who invented it?

Xu Chunwei:Chinese Pinyin in a broad sense dates back to the end of Ming Dynasty.

In 1605, Italian Matteo Ricci used Latin characters to annotate Chinese characters in his book, The Miracle of Western Characters.

In 1625, Jinnige, who was then Belgium, improved the pinyin scheme on his basis and wrote "Western Confucianism’s Eyes and Eyes". Their pinyin scheme is called "Li-Jin" scheme. However, this plan has basically no impact on future generations. The first semi-official scheme in China and the first standard transliteration of Chinese characters in the world is "Weituo Code-Zhai Lisi Style".

In 1867, the English sinologist Wiltoma’s Chinese textbook "Language Self-Collection" was born. The established symbol is Zhai Lisi’s first edition of Hua Ying Dictionary in 1892.

In the spring of 1906, a joint conference of imperial posts and telecommunications was held in Shanghai, and it was decided to take the spelling of Huaying Dictionary as the spelling basis of China place names standard. Just to meet the needs of telegraphy, it does not use any additional symbols (such as aspirated symbols, etc.). It is called "postal" pinyin, which is a variant of Wei pinyin.

In 1913, the Beiyang government held a pronunciation unification meeting, at which Ma Yuzao proposed to use the unique Chinese characters of his teacher Zhang Taiyan as a spelling tool. In 1918, the Ministry of Education revised and published it on the basis of Zhang Taiyan, which was the first official phonetic notation in China. The first Latin scheme designed by ourselves in China was the Romanization of Mandarin issued by Liu Fu, Qian Xuantong, li jinxi, Zhao Yuanren, Lin Yutang and Wang Yi in 1928 through the Ministry of Education.

In addition, in the late 1920s, the Chinese people began to form a movement of Latinized New Characters, with Qu Qiubai, Fang Shan, Ni Haishu and others as the main figures. Qu Qiubai’s Latinized New Characters of Northern Dialect laid the foundation for modern Chinese Pinyin, and they are highly consistent.

Chinese Pinyin in a narrow sense is the Pinyin in 1958.

It was decided by Chairman Mao and worked out collectively by hundreds of people headed by Wu Yuzhang. But there are also several key technical figures. From April 1956 to October 1957, 10 meetings were held to discuss and revise the Chinese Pinyin Scheme (Draft). There are three revised drafts: the first revised draft proposed by Wang Li, Lu Zhiwei and li jinxi, and several personal revised drafts proposed by Ding Xilin, Lin Handa, Wei Yun and li jinxi, among which Lin Handa’s draft is the second revised draft. It can be said that Chinese Pinyin is a cultural achievement formed in hundreds of years. Modern Chinese Pinyin is the collective achievement of the above-mentioned people.

Sanmao’s long skirt: Why are there symbols like Japanese in the dictionary, and do those characters still have practical significance now?

Xu Chunwei: This is the phonetic serial number invented by Zhang Taiyan, and he was inspired by Japanese pseudonyms. Phonetic symbols are also part of Chinese characters, which are homologous to pseudonyms and are essentially semi-syllabic characters.

In 1913, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang government held a "pronunciation unification meeting". Ma Yuzao, the son of Zhangmen, proposed to use his teacher’s unique Chinese characters as phonetic symbols. Due to the large number of children of Zhangmen, the proposal was passed. In 1918, the Ministry of Education officially announced that it was named "Zhuyin Letter". In 1930, Wu Zhihui proposed to change its name to "Zhuyin Symbol". In 1958, when determining the scheme of modern Chinese Pinyin, there was a debate in China about whether the national alphabet (phonetic symbols) is better or the Latin alphabet (Chinese Pinyin). The conclusion is that the latter is convenient for international communication. Now only a few reference books, such as dictionaries, can see phonetic symbols.

Superman of the florist:I remember when I was a child, I learned "Ah, guess what, alas, my husband should …" But I don’t know what it is. None of my classmates have heard it now. Is it because of my dialect (northerner), or is there a mistake in my memory?

Xu Chunwei:Hello, now read the sound generally. What you have learned is the name sound. The pronunciation of vowels is the local sound. The name sound refers to the address of Chinese phonetic alphabet. The alphabetical reading in "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" is to read with the name sound. Chinese phonetic alphabet is not only used for pinyin of syllables’ initials and finals, but also has the functions of sorting and searching. If the letters have no names, it is inconvenient to call them. There are 26 letters in the alphabet of Hanyu Pinyin Scheme, and each letter has a name sound. The determination of the sound value of the name sound stipulates that the name sound of a vowel letter is served by its local sound, and if a vowel letter has several local sounds, the main pronunciation is used as the name sound; The name sound of consonant letters is composed of vowels before or after the local sound (y w is a sound-proof letter, and there is no local sound, so the name sound is set separately). Specifically, whether to add before or after, what vowels to add, and how many vowels to add, we should follow international habits and consider the difference of names. According to the list of Chinese phonetic alphabets, the name sounds of the 26 Chinese phonetic alphabets in "Chinese phonetic scheme" are: a b ê c ê d ê e ê f g ê ha i ji; e kê êl êm nê o pê qiu ar ês tê u vê wa xi ya zê。

WLM:Shanxi and Shaanxi, how to distinguish with pinyin?

Xu Chunwei:Generally, it is solved by tone-marking, shǎnxī Shā nx: and Shaanxi Sh: nx:. However, there is generally no tone on local famous brands or in foreign language books. Therefore, shaanxi is now spelled Shaanxi when it is used as a place name. This treatment is not unreasonable, but an old pinyin scheme "Mandarin Roman characters" is used. Mandarin Roman characters express tones by adding or changing letters, and an rhyme is flat an, flat arn, rising aan and falling ann. Regarding the Romance of Mandarin, we can read the article "Romance of Mandarin, the Failed Attempt of the Elite to Rebuild Civilization" in "The Paper Private History".

Bouquet with Jun:What Pinyin schemes in previous Pinyin documents have been referenced in the formulation of Chinese Pinyin schemes?

Xu Chunwei:The tone of Chinese Pinyin comes from the phonetic symbols set by the pronunciation unification meeting. The initial consonant and the final vowel are partly derived from the Romance, the national language of Guoluo School in the south of the Yangtze River, and the Latin new characters of Qu Qiubai’s northern dialect. The Latinized New Characters of Northern Dialect are the closest to Chinese Pinyin.

Liang Liang:Hello, can you recommend books on this subject? I’m interested!

Xu Chunwei:The history of Chinese Pinyin since the 20th century can be seen in Hundred Years of Chinese by Japanese scholars Ishikawa Kan and Komatsu Lan, published by Shanghai Education Press. Personally, I think it is a more detailed history of Chinese Pinyin and Chinese Standard Phonetic. Before the 20th century, you can see the life stories of Matteo Ricci, Jinnige, Ding Weiliang, wade and Zhai Lisi. You can also look at the works of the parties involved in Chinese Pinyin, such as li jinxi and Zhao Yuanren of Guoluo School, Qu Qiubai, Fang Shan, Ye Laishi and others who Latin new characters.

A New Latin Writing Scheme for Northern Dialect

Are Pinyin still used in other Chinese-speaking areas?

Peng you:Is our Chinese Pinyin more mature than that used in other areas? For example, Taiwan Province’s Pinyin "Zheng" and "cheng" both use Cheng, but they read the same as Mandarin, but the Chinese Pinyin "zh" can be accurately distinguished.

Xu Chunwei:What you mentioned is not Taiwan Province Pinyin, but postal Pinyin, a variant of Weituo Code-Zhai Lisi Pinyin. Wei tuo code pinyin is divided into cheng and ch’eng. In the spring of 1906, a joint conference of imperial posts and telecommunications was held in Shanghai. The meeting decided to unify and standardize the Latin alphabet spelling of place names in China, and decided to basically take the Latin alphabet spelling in the first edition of Huaying Dictionary compiled by Zhai Lisi as the basis. Just to meet the needs of telegraphy, the meeting decided not to use any additional symbols (such as aspirated symbols, etc.), which is called postal pinyin and a variant of Wei pinyin. Zhao Yuanren complained that postal pinyin led to the separation of Changzhou and Zhangzhou, both of which were Changchow. Wei Tuoma Pinyin (postal Pinyin) was the international standard for Latin transliteration of Chinese characters in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China. The Roman characters, the national language of Nanjing government, have been unable to compete and almost disappeared. In addition to Wittig Pinyin, there are also Chinese romanization, universal Pinyin and Chinese Pinyin in mainland China in Taiwan Province. Except for the Universal Pinyin, which was made by Taiwan Province authorities, the rest were not designed by Taiwan Province.

Students are interested in learning pinyin.

Do dialects still have meaning?

qquser:Why not use the letter "V" in Chinese Pinyin?

Xu Chunwei:The phonetic symbol has a V, and the symbol is "ten thousand". Because the old national voice is an artificial language that gathers the north and the south, phonetic symbols attach great importance to "leap sound", that is, dialect sound.

The "Wu" in its initials means "ng", "Guang" means "gn", and "Wan" means "V" is taken from the southern dialect to spell "leap". It also has a voiced mark. However, after the dispute between Beijing and China, Beijing sound was adopted as the national sound. Since there are no initials in Beijing dialect, these symbols are useless and have been cancelled. Now there are V initials in the phonetic symbols in Xinhua Dictionary. Specifically, we can see the article "Romance in Mandarin, the failed attempt of elite to rebuild civilization" in The Paper’s private history.

But the Chinese flowering crabapple still:Hello, teacher! I would like to ask, what is the advantage of phonetic notation with Latin letters over other phonetic notation methods?

Xu Chunwei:First of all, the cost is low, and only 26 letters are used to express all syllable combinations (actually, Chinese pinyin has not used V). The second is to facilitate international exchanges. In 1958, when determining the scheme of modern Chinese Pinyin, there was a debate in China about whether the national alphabet (phonetic symbols) is better or the Latin alphabet (Chinese Pinyin). The conclusion is that the latter is convenient for international communication. Now only a few reference books, such as dictionaries, can see phonetic symbols. After the abolition of Chinese characters on the Korean peninsula, proverbs were used instead. Proverbs are actually pinyin characters, so they should be translated into Latin letters for foreign communication.

dalen6:What influence does the popularity of Putonghua have on dialects, and how to protect our dialects?

Xu Chunwei:Because there is no standard for dialects, many dialect words will be mispronounced by Putonghua. For example, the "WeChat" in Ningbo dialect where the subject is located should be vixin, and now many people pronounce it ueixin. Therefore, dialects also need education and standards. As far as I know, some primary schools in Ningbo and Shanghai already have local dialect courses.

Is it possible to abolish Chinese characters and replace them with Pinyin?

Bear:The reverse phonetic notation in Kangxi Dictionary didn’t have Chinese Pinyin at that time, so how to get the pronunciation of the upper word and rhyme of the lower word?

Xu Chunwei:That is the anti-tangent of the middle ancient sound. However, many dialects cannot be spelled with anti-tangent because of the relationship between ancient and modern sound changes. For example, you can’t cut out Mandarin (Beijing dialect) and Cantonese. In addition, there is still the problem that Chinese characters must be learned to learn anti-tangent, and the education cost is too high. Pinyin does not have this problem.

Zhang Yuyao:Hello, teacher, what harm will it do if pinyin is used instead of words?

Xu Chunwei:There are so many homophones in modern Chinese (Putonghua) that we can imagine the consequences of abolishing Chinese characters according to the present situation of the Korean Peninsula. Take the sudo syllable in Korean as an example, the corresponding words are "granting ferry", "rice" and "monasticism", etc. They don’t know what it means without corresponding context. South Korea later discovered the disadvantages of pinyin and had to add Chinese characters to its ID card, otherwise the rate of duplicate names would be extremely high. Mandarin has the same problem, especially when it comes to homophones with "all" and "none" but completely opposite meanings, it will increase the possibility of misunderstanding and communication costs without using Chinese characters to express their meanings.

Peng you:Since modern times, people have been proposing to abolish Chinese characters and replace them with pinyin. What do you think?

Xu Chunwei:There are so many homophones in modern Chinese (Putonghua) that we can refer to the present situation of the Korean Peninsula after abolishing Chinese characters. In particular, when encountering homophones such as "all" and "none", the possibility of misunderstanding and communication cost will increase without using Chinese characters to express meaning. South Korea later discovered the disadvantages of pinyin and had to add Chinese characters to its ID card, otherwise the rate of duplicate names would be extremely high. By the way, the real name of Lin Run Yun, a famous Korean artist in her girlhood, is written like this; Because people who didn’t understand the original translation didn’t understand the pronunciation of Korean characters, they mistakenly wrote Lim Yoon A.

Guang Zhouta’s English name Canton Tower follows the traditional spelling.

Only its meaning is exhausted:Hello, teacher. Can you pronounce the vowels ui and iu as uei and iou? Then why write it as ui and iu?

Xu Chunwei:Simple is for the sake of simple treatment, but this treatment is not without basis. Uei, iou, and another uen, the vowel in the middle will be weakened.

imshunshun:Hello, teacher! I have three questions. First, since Pinyin came into being in the late Ming Dynasty, why is Mr. Zhou Youguang known as the father of Chinese Pinyin? Secondly, some people think that the current pinyin is anti-Chinese, because pinyin uses letters and Chinese characters are hieroglyphics. What do you think of this? Third, how to correctly evaluate the pinyin system we use now? thank you

Xu Chunwei:The first problem is caused by some media. You can read my previous answer, the names of the main designers and participants of Chinese Pinyin. The second question is, in fact, there have been national alphabet forms in China, that is, phonetic symbols changed from Chinese radicals. Invented by Zhang Taiyan, the Ministry of Education of Beiyang government improved the publication on his basis. However, in 1958, when we established Chinese Pinyin, we thought that Latin alphabet was convenient for international communication, so we used Latin alphabet. The third question, personally, is really not easy to use. There is no phonetic notation in Beijing dialect, while English, French and other western languages and Japanese are voiced. Using voiced symbols B, D and G to represent unvoiced sounds [P] [T] [K] will easily lead to mispronunciations by westerners, and it will also make people in China mispronounce foreign languages. The reason why Chinese Pinyin is handled this way is that Pinyin is for the convenience of learning, not for foreigners.

Delivering babies for high-risk women and taking bullets from the edge of the heart, the "navy blue" on this "big white ship" is so cool!

Do you know what it’s like to hear the song "Singing the Motherland" floating from the shore in a foreign country? Have you ever seen a scene where the local people are grateful and farewell from the heart in a foreign country? These China navies have all experienced it. If China Navy combat vessels exudes male strength, then the hospital ship "Square Boat" exudes a maternal brilliance. This stems from her unique mission, from China’s moderate strength and great power.

How many 11 years are there in life? This is the 11th year that Li Xuezhou spent on this "big white ship". When receiving the ship in 2008, this "big guy" threw a shocking bomb at him: Isn’t it a "ship"? How is it bigger than the "ship" I have been in? At that time, he only felt that "there is a place to show his fists."

He hasn’t realized what changes this boat will bring to his life in the years to come.

Born and raised in Xinjiang, Li Xuezhou had never seen the sea before he went to college. Seeing the blue sea for the first time, he couldn’t wait for a dive to swim around! In the next 11 years, he not only threw himself into the arms of the sea, but also into the arms of the world with the "Square Boat" — — Left footprints in 43 countries and regions on 3 oceans, 6 continents.

This time, the recording scene of "Time Model Publishing Hall" came to this 10,000-ton "Dabai Ship" moored in Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province. Li Xuezhou’s comrades always affectionately called her "Dabai" because the hull is mostly white, and the warm-hearted "Dabai" and "Square Boat" have similar missions: saving lives and spreading peace. This huge "Red Cross" on the deck shows its special status.

This is the only hospital ship of China Navy. It is a large-scale hospital ship of over 10,000 tons, which was designed and built by China. One floor alone is equivalent to the size of 10 basketball courts, and there are eight decks up and down here, which is a top-three hospital flowing at sea. Since it was listed for 11 years in December 2008, it has sailed more than 240,000 nautical miles, arrived in the East African country where the virus was rampant, been to the Philippines hit by a strong typhoon, and arrived in Venezuela, which was deeply mired in the whirlpool.

In the memory of Han Dalin, the monitor of the signal class, there is a scene: that day, the whistle sounded and the ship was about to leave callao Port, Peru. Suddenly, the soldier who was ready to put away the gangway stopped. This stop was for an old Chinese couple who were late. They missed the opening time of the ship. The old lady scolded the old man for driving too slowly and almost missed the "opportunity to see relatives." The old couple have no other requirements, "just stand on the deck for a few minutes." The old couple stepped on the gangway with the help of the navy soldiers. On the deck, the old man suddenly squatted down slowly and then knelt down. He put his cheek on the deck, turned his face, kissed the deck gently, and tears fell heavily on the deck.

This kiss, he seems to have exhausted all the strength of the rest of his life. The whistle sounded again, and the figure of the old couple waving goodbye became more and more blurred. Han Dalin returned to the battle position and quietly wiped the tears from her eyes. The "Square Boat" moored in a foreign port is the motherland for these overseas Chinese.

Whether conducting international humanitarian medical services or participating in multinational joint exercises, "Square Boat" people gradually understand the weight of the word "motherland" and truly feel that personal destiny is so closely linked with the destiny of the motherland.

Navy blue on the big white ship

Or marine camouflage, or plain white, there are 3092 naval officers and soldiers and medical staff who used to work and live here. They are the ones who propped up the buoyancy of this famous overseas ship. This hospital ship is their home at sea; Going out, they represent the motherland, and this "flowing land" conveys China concept to the world.

This is not only the most direct and beautiful synonym for "country and home", but also a mountain of responsibility for "square boat" people. Li Xuezhou circled the telephone area codes of countries in the notebook with colored pens; Hospital ship "Square Boat"
In the office of political commissar Chen Yangyang, all the places he has been are marked with a pen on the yellowed world map, and more than 20 small black dots condense his dream of "being a navy and seeing the world"; Han Dalin will be at the place of visit.
Buy a local refrigerator sticker … … These ordinary and extraordinary sailors from China marked the world track of the "Square Boat" in their own way.

In every country, before dawn, hundreds of ordinary people queue up at the port and go to the hospital ship for treatment. Li Peng, an anesthesiologist, loves to take photos. He took a photo of waiting in line in Pakistan. There were so many people in the corridor that he had to raise his SLR to take photos. When he pushed his way through the crowd, he told himself firmly that he must not shoulder the heavy responsibility.

In Maldives, Li Peng met a 10-year-old child, who was an orphan and suffered from congenital six-finger deformity of his right hand. The deformity of his fingers made him withdrawn, his eyes dim and he spoke little, which made Li Peng feel particularly distressed. When Director Hou Lisheng helped the child to get rid of the redundant fingers, the child felt like other children after the operation, and happily held Dr. Hou’s neck.

In the mission in 2013, Li Peng performed 23 operations on the most day. On average, an operation takes one hour. On this day, Li Peng spent 23 hours in the operating room. When I’m really sleepy,
He leaned against the wall for a while while while the operation was intermittent. On August 23, 2013, Li Peng sent a circle of friends: "At 2: 48 am, waiting for the last general anesthesia patient in 23 operations today." A friend asked Li Peng, when you are working in China, you are already busy enough. How can you go abroad and find yourself suffering?

Anesthesiologist Li Peng

Anesthesiologist Li Peng

Guo Baofeng, the captain of the China Navy’s only specialized hospital ship "Square Boat", still has sparkling dreams. Everyone says that he is "the captain who is least like the captain". He knows more than a dozen musical instruments and performs a program every time the ship organizes a party. During the break, he likes to wrestle with the crew and do push-ups in the competition. While applauding and cheering, the comrades-in-arms lamented that "the captain is too awesome, and a 40-year-old still maintains the standard of 28 years old."

In 2015, Guo Baofeng was just 36 years old when he took over the "Square Boat" and was the youngest of all the captains. Guo Baofeng was deeply influenced by his father’s military temperament. He always remembered his father’s words: "A soldier shoulders the important affairs of the country." For Guo Baofeng, "the great event of the country" is vivid and concrete. It can be overcoming difficulties in foreign land again and again; It is also possible to dispel the misunderstanding of foreign people with frankness again and again.

During the war, the "Square Boat" provided medical treatment for the wounded and sick of China’s army at sea; at ordinary times, it provided medical treatment for China’s fleet and the troops stationed on the island in remote areas, as well as international humanitarian services. The rescue of humanitarian disasters can best reflect the "rigidity and flexibility" of the "Square Boat" people.

Emergency call from the Philippines

In some places, even if I have only been there once in my life, every detail is still so real in retrospect. For Han Dalin, Wright Bay in the Philippines is such a place. He often thinks: Are the signs they painted on the breakwater still there six years ago? That striking sign was painted by himself and his comrades — — On a white background, there is a big red cross painted on it, and under the red cross is written "ARK PEACE", that is, "The Square Boat".

The super typhoon six years ago turned Tacloban, Philippines from a beautiful seaside town into a devastated disaster area. Han Dalin drove the lifeboat back and forth between the dock and the "Square Boat", and the "ARK PEACE" sign on the breakwater was the berth of the lifeboat. And those Filipinos may also remember the life rescue marked by it, and the China soldiers who gave them hope for their lives, the big white ship moored in Wright Bay.

On November 19, 2013, the "Square Boat" was in the rest stage, and more than 400 people who returned from abroad after the mission were scattered all over the country. On this day, Sun Tao, then vice president of the Navy General Hospital, was on a business trip when he was suddenly informed by his superiors to buy a ticket and go back to Beijing. "Hurry back to Beijing! ! ! "Is the core content of the phone, but what urgent task, Sun Tao still confused about.

On the way to the plane, the hospital told Sun Tao to send him to the Philippines for rescue. Philippine rescue? Sun Tao’s heart tightened when he heard the news. Just a few days ago, the super typhoon Haiyan swept through the central Philippines, killing 6,300 people and injuring more than 28,000 people.

He knew that the "Square Boat" was about to face an unprecedented task. This is the first time that the hospital ship "Square Boat" participated in real rescue. In the past, the "Square Boat" organized a planned international medical rescue, ranging from two months to six months. However, after the typhoon hit the Philippines, people’s lives can’t wait!

In order to reach the disaster area as quickly as possible to provide rescue, the navy ordered dozens of units and more than 400 officers and men who had just completed the "Harmonious Mission -2013" mission and returned to China to assemble quickly. It took only 48 hours from receiving the mission to completing all the preparations for sailing. Convening so many units and so many people in a short time has really created a miracle.

In order to arrive in the Philippines in the first time, the "Square Boat" crossed the big wave area of 7 to 8 meters outside bashi channel, and people could be shaken up on the bed. The hospital boat "Square Boat" did not detour or slow down, passing through the periphery of bashi channel, which has been stormy all the year round, and it took only 77 hours to reach the worst-hit area in the Philippines — — Wright Bay became the first foreign medical ship to arrive in the Philippines at that time.

The rescue of this kind of humanitarian disaster they are facing is completely unknown. The scene in front of us is beyond everyone’s expectation. It’s really devastated and messy. It’s dark, the whole city has no electricity, and it’s opaque. The power was cut off, and the first batch of medical team members finally found a nearby hospital in the dark for four hours. Just as everyone was preparing for treatment, unexpected things happened again.

After the disaster, the Filipinos were extremely psychologically fragile. Coupled with the interruption of communication and the delay in information transmission, the locals did not know that there would be Chinese rescue boats to provide treatment. China medical team members can only explain to them one by one, and then they can barely find six patients who are willing to go to the ship for treatment. But when Sun Tao found a vehicle to transport the patients, two patients refused to go, which made him upset. He wanted to help the Filipino people very much, but he was unable to make it.

A special diaper from the Philippines

Eyebrows a wrinkly, on my mind. With the help of the local media, a press conference was held, and the "Square Boat" spread the news to the maximum extent. At the same time, nearly ten tons of medical materials were transferred to land, and a front-end field hospital was built on the ruins and in front of the people.

Go to the countryside to help them disinfect and prevent epidemic, and give them medicine. Within two days, the rescue team opened a helicopter landing point on the ruins and transported patients to the "Square Boat" hospital for treatment. The front-end hospital and rescue boat operate 24 hours a day, and the patients who come to see a doctor radiate to the surrounding area for more than 200 kilometers. In two weeks, a total of 44 operations were performed, and 2208 people were treated, as well as four "Square Boat" babies born on board.

Because of the poor conditions at the Wright Bay pier in the Philippines, the "Square Boat" can only anchor at 10 nautical miles from the pier. Han Dalin and his comrades-in-arms used small boats to transport materials from the hospital ship one trip at a time, while the other crew members reclaimed land. After the tsunami, the Philippines was quite dilapidated, with collapsed houses, mud, snakes and dogs.

The harder it is, the more you see the truth. There is a diaper in the history museum of the Navy General Hospital. What’s so special about this diaper? After the typhoon, the Philippines was seriously affected, but four Filipino children were born on board. Nurse China used some sheets to make diapers. When making rounds, Sun Tao saw as soon as he entered that the child’s father was holding a diaper made by a soldier in China, which read "Thanks to China and the Square Boat". As long as one person comes to the ward, the father of the child will hold it up for others to see. A baby diaper made of sheets witnessed the strong friendship between the people of the two countries in the disaster.

Is it safe to seek the overall situation, or risk saving two lives?

On this "boat of life", six "square boat" babies have been delivered in the past 11 years. Among them is a baby girl from Bangladesh, whose birth touched the heart of a boatman. On November 9th, 2010, a 25-year-old pregnant woman with 36 weeks’ pregnancy came to the China military doctor. She had a special body. So far, Panther Chen, an obstetrician and gynecologist, still remembers the first time she saw her: she couldn’t stand on her own feet when she was walking, and she had to lean against the door to keep breathing. Panther Chen heard all kinds of noises in her heart, and suspected that she had a heart attack.

As soon as the examination results came out, Panther Chen was scared to death, and the director of cardiology at that time was shocked. That’s a close to severe mitral stenosis. The "Square Boat" medical team has basically never seen such a patient in China for nearly 20 years. Mitral valve is like a one-way valve in the heart. Mitral valve stenosis will make the blood flow of the heart not smooth, which will lead to pulmonary congestion or pulmonary edema, especially in the production process, which may be life-threatening.

The "Harmonious Mission -2010" mission was the first time that the navy organized a hospital ship to perform humanitarian medical services overseas. As the last stop of the first round of expedition, whether Bangladesh can draw a perfect ending directly means whether the whole mission can be successfully concluded. As a result, an operation has an unusual meaning. Is it to seek stability or risk saving lives? In the face of this critically ill pregnant woman with extremely difficult operation, how should China military doctors choose?

Bangladeshi daughter of "Chinese mother"

Being in a foreign country, with difficult conditions and rare illness, it takes Panther Chen extraordinary courage to accept this operation for a high-risk pregnant woman under the influence of such multiple factors. The night before the operation, Panther Chen spent the "Obstetrics Bible" with Williams Obstetrics. As the chief surgeon of pregnant women, Panther Chen is facing the biggest challenge in her 21 years as a doctor. Panther Chen talked with pregnant women about eight surgical complications, and the couple signed all the words with their eyes closed without blinking. The couple had special trust in China military doctor. At 2 pm on November 11, pregnant women were pushed into the operating room, and the air in the operating room seemed to have solidified.

Caesarean section, when the baby was born smoothly, the life of a Bangladeshi baby girl was saved, but Panther Chen couldn’t relax for a second. Because for pregnant women with fragile physical condition, any accident after childbirth
It can be fatal at any time, and the biggest test facing this operation starts from this moment.

The stone in Panther Chen’s heart finally fell to the ground, and the mother and daughter were safe. Angel Hussein, the father of the baby girl, cried with joy: "I didn’t expect Dr. China to save my wife and my child." He named the child Chin, which means "China" in Bengali. Naming her daughter "China" is the simplest gratitude of Bangladeshi people to the "Square Boat".

The "Square Boat" keeps the belief that life is supreme in its heart. Doctors love it. When faced with a rare, high-risk and extremely difficult operation, Panther Chen said: This operation must be done. This is their inner determination and awe of life. At the recording scene of "Time Model Publishing Hall", the military medical team behind this operation, Panther Chen, Sheng Ruifang and Fei Yuxing, were invited.

In May 2017, the "Square Boat" visited Bangladesh again after seven years, and there was a "Chin" family among the welcome crowd. The little girl shouted "Chinese mother" and held the national flag of China, giving a close kiss to Sheng Ruifang who arrived with the ship. This photo touched many people.

At the recording scene of "Time Model Publishing Hall", Chin and her little brother, parents were invited from Bangladesh. Chin and her family have always been obsessed with the treatment of Dr. China. At this moment, they meet by surprise, which is the first time that Panther Chen has seen Chin in nine years. The "little one" who was just born at that time has now grown into a beautiful little girl with China red. Panther Chen suddenly burst into tears and sobbed, "I stayed with her for 48 hours.". Facing the camera and the deck full of Vietnamese soldiers, the little angel who witnessed the friendship between China and China sweetly said the word "China" in Chinese. Chin brought a gift to her Chinese mother, which was her hand-painted national flag of China. Finally, the Chin family of four said in unison: "We love China.. "

The joys and sorrows of life behind a 9 mm bullet

This love for China came not without reason, but through comparison. 16 August 2014, Kingdom of Tonga, Oceania. David Maka, a 27-year-old Tongan boy, went on a boat to see a doctor.

Weighing 270 kg, he had a bullet embedded in his left chest. He had traveled to New Zealand, the United States and other countries for treatment, but doctors were afraid of risks and refused to operate on him. An accident four years ago caused him to be shot at close range with a pistol. The bullet just stayed deep in his left chest wall, not only next to his heart, but also very close to his left lung.

The operation of taking bullets is very difficult, which is the reason why Maca went to different countries for consultation, but was rejected by different doctors. Once the heart or blood vessels are damaged, it will be quite dangerous. The bullet hidden next to Maka’s heart is like a heavy stone in his heart. He lived with it for four years and was afraid for four years. This time, when Maca saw the China Navy rescue team coming to the door, she was eager to get rid of this worry.

In order to accurately determine the position of the bullet, Maka made six X-rays, and Dr. Zhang Jian who accompanied him was also X-rayed six times. Finally, when the data came to hand, Zhang Jian made a decisive choice. On the afternoon of August 17th, Maka was lying on the operating table of the hospital ship "Square Boat". According to the original plan, Zhang Jian gave Maka local anesthesia.

But as soon as the anesthetic took effect, the problem followed. It is normal for ordinary people to relax their muscles after using anesthetics, but Maca is too heavy, and the bullet displacement caused by muscle relaxation is completely beyond judgment. First incision, no bullets found.

Within just two centimeters, there are thousands of interlaced nerves and blood vessels in the human body. With a little carelessness, the bullet may be pushed into the chest or lungs. Can Zhang Jian’s second knife find the bullet correctly? This 9 mm long bullet is like a time bomb next to Maka’s heart, and the surgeon Zhang Jian is more like a meticulous demining expert.

The second knife was cut right above the bullet. Take a pliers and take it out. The operation was successful! With the reputation of China military doctor and superb medical skills, in just 23 minutes, Zhang Jian took out a 9mm bullet from Maka’s heart, which relieved Maka of her four-year ideological burden and brought her hope of rebirth.

At that time, Maca was very excited. Zhang Jian showed him the bullet and suddenly found Maca fainted. Zhang Jian got a fright, and quickly looked at Maka’s ECG without any abnormality. Maka woke up and said to Zhang Jian, you change my life. Later, Maka specially sent an email to thank Zhang Jian, and his family also thanked Zhang Jian for saving his life, so that he could watch his children grow up in the future.

How’s Maka doing after taking out the bullet? At the recording scene of "Time Model Publishing Hall", Zhang Jian and Maka came to a remote video connection. Maka, who is far away from the other side of the ocean, said that in the years before 2014, he was worried every day whether he could live to the next day and worried that he could not watch his beloved daughter grow up. It took Zhang Jian 23 minutes to open a new door to his life.

China’s warships didn’t bring planes or cannons.

People abroad said that warships from other countries came with planes and cannons, but your warships from China leaned in, bringing doctors and medicines and bringing us health.

Everywhere, the "Square Boat" blows Chinese style. When leaving, local people will learn to say "Hello, friend, thank you, brother" in Chinese. In the heart of Chin, a little Bangladeshi girl, and in the hearts of more than 230,000 foreign people who have been treated, a seed named "China" has been planted. In a few years’ time, they will take root and sprout, blossom and bear fruit, and spread China people’s desire for friendship and peace to further places. Accompanied by the "Square Boat", there were 3,092 officers and soldiers and medical staff on board the hospital.

These peace messengers in military uniforms have built bridges of love with their persistence and dedication. Liang Yanshun, Vice Minister of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China, presented medals and certificates to the hospital ship "Square Boat", a model of the times, at the recording site of "Time Model Publishing Hall".

On October 13th, 2010, The Square Boat visited Kenya for the first time. More than 600 years have passed since the last time China ships came here — — In 1415, Zheng He’s fleet of voyages to the Western Ocean arrived here. 600 years is not prominent in the long history. However, when these two China ships separated by more than six centuries are put together, we will find that:Both Zheng He’s fleet 600 years ago and the hospital ship "Square Boat" 600 years later have a friendly and warm heart.

"No artillery, no missiles, no torpedoes … … It is full of China’s army and people’s desire for peace and respect for life, and it develops peacefully ‘ China business card ’ 。” — — China Ambassador to Timor-Leste Liu Hongyang

This heart beats on the blue ocean and among many strange foreign people. This shiny China business card. It fully shows the moderate strength of China, the role of a big country, and the image of China as a responsible big country. The figure and track of China’s "Red Cross" have entered the eyes of people all over the world. The official of the World Red Cross Society said:“‘ And the square boat ’ Not only in China, but also in the world. " Let’s do it againPraise China’s military doctor’s kindness and kindness, and praise China’s navy’s fearlessness.

Pictures of all new models of Wuling

[Wuling Automobile] The following new cars are listed for your reference.

1. Wuling Automobile-Wuling Yangguang EV-2024 300km

Time to market: November 11, 2024 (new car payment)

Energy: pure electricity

Guiding range price: 71,800-84,800.

2. Wuling Automobile-Wuling Binguo PLUS-2024

Time to market: September 20, 2024 (new car payment)

Energy: pure electricity

Guiding range price: 75,800-98,800.

3. Wuling Automobile-Wuling Hongguang New Energy -2024 pure electric version 300km

Time to Market: 2024-09-29 (brand new car series)

Energy: pure electricity, extended-range pure electric.

Guiding range price: 69,800-72,800.

If you want to know more about interior details or power system parameters, please continue to ask me questions.

A shares closed down: Shenzhen Component Index and Growth Enterprise Market Index fell more than 1% and over 4,100 shares fell.

  The three major A-share indexes collectively pulled back today. As of the close, the Shanghai Composite Index fell 0.46% to close at 3,109.57 points. The Shenzhen Component Index fell 1.23% to close at 9391.05 points; The GEM index fell 1.35% to close at 1806.25 points. The turnover of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets was only 741.7 billion yuan, which was more than 30 billion yuan less than the previous trading day.

  Industry sectors rose less and fell more, with power industry, power grid equipment and electronic chemicals among the top gainers, while real estate services, household light industry, real estate development, cultural media and games were among the top losers.

  In terms of individual stocks, there were only more than 1,100 stocks that rose and more than 4,100 stocks that fell. The power and power grid industrial chains continued to rise against the trend, with green power and smart grid leading the way, while Chendian International, Star Power, Jinkong Power, Huayin Power, Electric Power Research Institute and Zhongzhi Technology had daily limit. The chip semiconductor plate strengthened against the trend, with the daily limit of Taiji, Yangfan New Materials, Broadcom Integration and Shanghai Belling. Non-ferrous and other resource stocks are active, Huayu Mining and Liyuan shares have daily limit, and Yuguang Gold and Lead and Huaxi Nonferrous have risen sharply. In terms of decline, the real estate sector surged back, Xinhua Lian and Zhengyuan shares fell, and Derby Group, Tefa Service, I love my family and gemdale fell sharply.  

  Industry capital flow: 1.269 billion net inflow into the power industry.

  In terms of industry funds, as of the close, the net inflow of power industry, semiconductors and shipping ports ranked high, of which the net inflow of power industry was 1.269 billion.  

  In terms of net outflow, real estate development, chemicals, communication equipment and other net outflows rank high, of which the net outflow of real estate development is 2.041 billion yuan.  
  Today’s news

  Xinhua News Agency talks about "strengthening patient capital": based on the long-term without the interference of short-term market fluctuations

  Recently, the word "patient capital" has come into public view — — When the central government deployed "developing new quality productive forces according to local conditions", it clearly stated that "we should actively develop venture capital and expand patient capital". "Patience capital", as its name implies, is to guide capital to be a "friend of time", not disturbed by short-term market fluctuations, and to accompany hard technology, scientists and entrepreneurs to "long-distance running". Both "patient capital" and new quality productivity reflect a truth of economic development: we must have a forward-looking vision, but also have strategic determination, not afraid of risks and challenges, persist in doing the right thing, and bear fruitful results in long-term investment and persistence.

  Shanghai Jiutiao landed for 12 hours: the sales office did not close, and some new sites planned to recover the discount. The second-hand landlord raised the price.

  On May 27th, the Shanghai Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Construction Management Committee, the Municipal Housing Authority, the Municipal Planning and Resources Bureau and the Municipal Taxation Bureau jointly issued the Notice on Optimizing the Policies and Measures for the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market in this Municipality, with a total of nine adjustment policies. According to industry experts, this policy not only exceeded expectations, but also made precise measures in an all-round and multi-angle way.

  General Administration of Financial Supervision: Meet the reasonable financing needs of real estate projects and vigorously support the construction of "three major projects" such as affordable housing.

  On the afternoon of May 27th, the General Administration of Financial Supervision held a party committee meeting to convey the spirit of studying the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee Conference, and to study and deploy measures to implement the Provisions on Accountability for Preventing and Resolving Financial Risks (Trial). The meeting stressed that it is necessary to promote the virtuous circle of finance and real estate, further play the role of the coordination mechanism of urban real estate financing, meet the reasonable financing needs of real estate projects, and vigorously support the construction of "three major projects" such as affordable housing. It is necessary to cooperate with the prevention and resolution of local debt risks and guide financial institutions to carry out debt restructuring and replacement in a market-oriented manner.

  The rise of central China welcomes heavy documents. These stocks deserve attention.

  Debon Securities believes that there are five points worthy of attention in the rise of the central region: First, technological innovation and industrial integration are the first hand to create new quality productivity; Second, the importance of industrial gradient transfer under common prosperity has increased; Third, it emphasizes deep-seated reform and high-level opening up, and the business environment for private enterprises and foreign investment continues to be optimized; Fourth, green and low carbon is the road to long-term development. This year, the two sessions will revisit the energy consumption constraint index; Fifth, the attention to resource security has increased, including food and energy.

  SASAC: Promote the integration and reorganization of state-owned enterprises, advance and retreat in an orderly manner, improve quality and efficiency, and actively lay out new industrial tracks.

  On May 27th, the Party Committee of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission held an enlarged meeting. The meeting stressed that it is necessary to maintain the sense of responsibility of climbing over the hill, pay close attention to implementation and unswervingly push forward the reform, deepening and upgrading of state-owned enterprises. It is necessary to deepen the reform around the strategy of serving the country, promote state-owned enterprises to give full play to the strategic functional value, and give full play to the supporting role of scientific and technological innovation, industrial control and security in building a modern industrial system and building a new development pattern; Deepen reform around optimizing resource allocation, adhere to taking enterprises as the main body and marketization as the means, highlight the main business and focus on industry, pay more attention to becoming stronger and better, promote the integration and reorganization of state-owned enterprises, advance and retreat in an orderly manner, improve quality and efficiency, actively lay out new industrial tracks, develop new quality productivity according to local conditions, and vigorously cultivate new kinetic energy for development.

  Institutional point of view

  Guojin Securities: It is suggested to maintain the strategy of "large-scale value defense"

  Guojin Securities said that it will maintain the strategy of "defending the market value", pay attention to banks+gold, which are highly defensive and have sustained excess returns, and choose high dividends next. Diffusion strategy include: 1. surplus commodities with low sensitivity to domestic economy and benefit from global liquidity; 2. Industries with "dilemma reversal" logic, with clear supply, stable demand and even recovery; 3. For high dividend industries with low price sensitivity; 4. Having "relative income" benefits from strong fundamentals and liquidity overseas.

  CITIC Securities: The third phase of the big fund set sail, and it is recommended to continue to pay attention to leading enterprises in related fields.

  CITIC Securities pointed out that the third phase of the National Integrated Circuit Industry Investment Fund (Large Fund) was formally established. From the perspective of this capital contribution, it focuses on financial support entities and the orientation of expanding patient capital. There may be some adjustments and optimizations in the entrusted management mode and investment period compared with the first phase and the second phase. Taking a long-term goal orientation will help avoid short-sightedness and contribute to long-term industrial development. It is estimated that in the third phase of investment, semiconductor manufacturing is still the largest, and it is expected to further increase support for equipment, materials, components, EDA, IP and other fields. It is recommended to continue to pay attention to leading enterprises in related fields.

  Huatai Securities: The defensive industry allocates the bottom position for funds, and the export of the real estate chain is the direction of capital concern.

  Huatai Securities believes that last week, the real estate policy was expected to be fulfilled, superimposed by domestic and foreign factors, the market volatility fell, the industry rotated rapidly, but the capital inflow was not sustained, and the defensive industry was among the top gainers. Specifically: 1. Under the rapid rotation of the industry, short-term funds are mainly net outflows; The net inflow of foreign capital is small, in which the net outflow of foreign capital in active allocation has narrowed to the minimum since July last year, and the net inflow in passive allocation is large → Allocated foreign capital inflows for two consecutive weeks; Long-term funds have entered the market steadily. 5.24 After the promulgation of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Shareholder Reduction of Listed Companies and its supporting rules, the industrial capital ecology is expected to improve; 2. The defensive industry is the bottom warehouse allocated by the consensus of funds. Although the funds flow into industries such as nonferrous metals and electric power, the sustainability is low. In addition, the consensus of funds focuses on the direction of export (light industrial manufacturing) in the real estate chain, and there are still differences in other directions.

  CICC: Since the beginning of the year, the amount of industrial capital reduction has dropped significantly, which has promoted the marginal improvement of A-share funds.

  According to the China Gold Research Report, since the CSRC issued an important policy to implement the active capital market on August 27, 2023, and standardized the behavior of share reduction, the scale of capital reduction of shareholders and directors of listed companies has been at a low level. From the beginning of 2024 to the present (as of May 24, 2024), the scale of industrial capital reduction was 33.5 billion yuan, the scale of industrial capital increase was 32.8 billion yuan, and the final scale of industrial capital net reduction was 700 million yuan. In the same period last year, the scale of industrial capital reduction, increase and net reduction were 1908, 325 and 158.3 billion yuan respectively. At the level of individual stocks, since the beginning of the year, shareholders and executives of 522 listed companies have reduced their holdings, and shareholders and executives of 781 listed companies have increased their holdings. On the whole, under the background of optimizing the reduction system, the scale of industrial capital reduction has dropped significantly, and more listed companies have increased their holdings than those have reduced their holdings, which has promoted the marginal improvement of A-share funds.

11 details revealed: Where is the brightest "star" in the sky tonight?

  In front is the heavenly palace,

  Followed by shenzhou.

  They are the brightest stars in the sky tonight.

  They are said to be "awesome",

  Where is "awesome"?

  11 details to decrypt for you.

  On October 17th, astronauts Jing Haipeng and Chen Dong of Shenzhou XI manned mission went to war. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Gangshe

  Detail 1: Fly higher — — Docking and operation of 393 km track height

  Shenzhou 11 has fully inherited the technical status of Shenzhou 10, and made many technical improvements to meet the requirements of this mission.

  "In order to meet the requirements of this mission, the orbit control strategy and flight procedures have been adjusted, so that the Shenzhou 11 spacecraft can adapt to the requirements of the rendezvous and docking orbit and the return orbit height of this mission from 343 km to 393 km." Wu Ping, deputy director of China Manned Space Engineering Office, said.

  When Shenzhou-10 docked with Tiangong-1, the orbital height was 343 kilometers. When Shenzhou XI and Tiangong II docked, the orbital height was 393 kilometers, which was 50 kilometers higher than in the past. Why should it be 50 kilometers higher? Luo Guqing, director of the GNC subsystem of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that it is mainly for the third step of China’s manned space flight "three-step" development strategy — — Prepare for the construction of the space station, because it is basically the same as the orbital height of the future space station, and the flight is closer to the requirements of the future space station.

  Detail 2: It takes longer — — A 33-day space journey

  After two days of independent flight, Shenzhou XI completed automatic docking with Tiangong 2 to form an assembly. After completing the 30-day mid-term stay of the assembly, it separated from Tiangong 2 and returned to the main landing site in Inner Mongolia within one day, and the Shenzhou XI mission ended. Being in space for a long time, how to ensure the astronauts’ ability to work and live in space and perform tasks, and how to improve the reliability of the spacecraft?

  One of the most important innovative highlights of the technical improvement of Shenzhou XI is the newly equipped wide-beam relay communication terminal equipment.

  "In order to further improve the safety and reliability, a new wide-beam relay communication terminal equipment has been equipped, which has significantly expanded the coverage of measurement and control and improved the communication support capability between heaven and earth when the attitude of the spacecraft changes rapidly, thus improving the safety of astronauts and the reliability of the spacecraft." Wu Ping said.

  Detail 3: Upgrade the optical imaging sensor — — Complete the difficult "kiss in space"

  "In order to verify the future space technology and meet the long-life requirements of the rendezvous and measurement equipment of the future space station, the rendezvous and measurement equipment of Shenzhou 11 was upgraded." Wu Ping said.

  The rendezvous and docking of Tiangong-2 and Shenzhou-11 is an important step to build a space home, especially the stage from the distance of 120 meters to the final docking, which is the most difficult and risky. In order to make them butt together at eight times the speed of bullets, technicians upgraded the optical imaging sensor.

  Gong Dezhu, chief designer of the optical imaging sensor for the Shenzhou 11 rendezvous and docking, said that the sunlight intensity in space is three to five times that on the earth, so it is easy to "light up" the "eyes" of the aircraft, just like driving when the headlights are shaken by the opposite car, and it will take some time to restore vision. Therefore, in the past, the rendezvous and docking should be carried out at the right time.

  Compared with the first generation of products used on Tiangong-1, the ability of the upgraded sensor to suppress solar stray light and the sensitivity of identifying targets are greatly improved. Even if the eyes are shaken, the vision recovery time can be shortened from the original ten seconds to several hundred milliseconds. As a result, Shenzhou XI and Tiangong II can realize quasi-all-weather real-time docking, which can guarantee the sudden maintenance and replenishment of spacecraft or the emergency rescue of astronauts.

  Detail 4: First assessment of astronauts’ medium-term staying ability

  "The purpose of this mission is to further comprehensively verify the functions of the improved manned spacecraft and provide important technical support for subsequent manned missions. In addition, through a number of on-orbit tests, the design function of the spacecraft will be further verified, and flight test data related to the manned environment will be obtained and accumulated. " Zhang Bainan, chief designer of Shenzhou XI spacecraft, said.

  In this space laboratory mission, the height of docking orbit and return orbit has increased by 50 kilometers compared with before. The Shenzhou XI mission will examine and verify the rendezvous and docking technology and manned spacecraft return technology in the space station stage for the first time, and will also examine the astronauts’ medium-term staying ability for the first time, which will lay the foundation for the long-term on-orbit assessment in the space station stage by verifying the astronauts’ staying ability.

  Detail 5: Lighting equipment lights up "Flying Road"

  Shenzhou XI will pass through the earth’s shadow area periodically during its voyage in the vast universe, and it will go through a long period of darkness at this time, which will affect the smooth completion of the on-orbit mission. The lighting equipment in the spacecraft cabin and the rendezvous and docking lighting equipment not only provide the astronauts with working and living lighting in the cabin, but also provide camera-assisted lighting for the rendezvous and docking of the manned spacecraft and the space laboratory in the shadow area.

  "In space, if incandescent lamps and energy-saving lamps commonly used in life are directly used, it is estimated that they will turn off in a few days on the spacecraft. What light source is used on the spacecraft? The lighting equipment (short-range floodlighting) and rendezvous and docking lighting equipment (long-distance projection lighting) in the Shenzhou 11 spacecraft use LED light sources, that is, solid-state lighting sources. " Yang Jun, chief designer of 510 products in the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, who undertook the task of developing this equipment, said.

  He pointed out that after the manned spacecraft has the lighting equipment in the cabin and the rendezvous and docking lighting equipment, when the spacecraft enters the earth’s shadow area, the astronauts can still correctly interpret the instruments in the cabin and manually operate various switches, so that they will never hit by mistake again. The rendezvous and docking between the spacecraft and the space laboratory has also gained a successful guarantee.

  Detail 6: Thermal control system escorts "Space House"

  "The most important thing for Shenzhou XI to fly in space is the safety of astronauts." Fu Yang, head of the thermal control subsystem of the Shenzhou 11 launch site of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that to ensure the comfort and safety of astronauts in space, it is necessary to create a "home" similar to the ground for astronauts — — There are temperatures and oxygen suitable for human survival and life, which are provided by the thermal control subsystem and the environmental control life support system. The thermal control subsystem is used to maintain a certain temperature and humidity in the spacecraft, and the environmental control life support system is used to create suitable indoor living environment conditions for astronauts, ensure their safe life and normal work in the special environment of space flight, and create a warm and spring-like living environment for astronauts.

  He said that the thermal control subsystem and the environmental control life support system are located in the bulkhead of the propulsion module and the orbital module of the manned spacecraft respectively. The environmental control and thermal control subsystem mainly adopts fluid heat exchange technology to control the temperature. The heat generated on the ship is transferred to the external radiator through fluid flow, and then radiated into space through the radiator.

  Detail 7: hatch rapid leak detector — — "Little Door God" of Manned Spacecraft

  Astronauts fly in space for many days, during which they have to go through many cabin-crossing activities and need to open and close the hatch; When astronauts are in the cabin, the gas that maintains their normal life cannot leak, and whether the hatch is well sealed is decisive, so it is very important to accurately and quickly detect the tightness of the hatch.

  Early spacecraft used the whole cabin pressure to detect the tightness of the cabin door by monitoring the change of cabin pressure. This method is accurate and reliable, but it takes a long time, which has a great impact on the astronauts of manned spacecraft and will waste a lot of time. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the detection means and shorten the detection time.

  The rapid leak detector of the hatch developed by 510 Institute of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation realizes the rapid and accurate leak detection of the hatch and docking surface. After the door is closed, a small space will be formed between the two sealing rings on the door body and the door frame. The leak detector uses the unique structure of the cabin door to fill a certain amount of detection gas into the small space when working, and judges the sealing condition of the cabin door by monitoring the pressure change in the small space. In case of leakage, the hatch rapid leak detector will immediately give an alarm indication. Astronauts can handle the hatch and pass the leak detection again before they can stay in the cabin smoothly.

  "The hatch rapid leak detector can quickly give the test results within 8 minutes, which is called the ‘ of manned spacecraft; Little door god ’ 。” Dong Yipeng, chief designer of 510 products in the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, said.

  Detail 8: Dashboard Shock Absorber — — "Life jacket" of spacecraft instrument

  Instrumentation devices on spacecraft complete human-computer interaction through LCD screen and astronauts. Instrumentation devices, as representatives of high-tech technologies, are often fragile, and the instantaneous rapid acceleration of rockets during launch will cause severe vibration of equipment in spacecraft cabin. If the impact vibration during launch cannot be well isolated and attenuated, it is likely to lead to instrument damage and mission failure.

  At this time, the instrument panel shock absorber of Shenzhou series spacecraft shoulders the heavy responsibility of damping the instrument of the whole spacecraft. Metal rubber shock absorbers installed at four installation points of the instrument panel isolate the instrument from the hull, and consume a lot of energy through constant friction between wires during vibration, which eventually turns into heat energy and disappears into the surrounding medium.

  Experts pointed out that the metal rubber shock absorber perfectly played the role of "life jacket" of shenzhou spaceship instrument devices, ensuring the complete success of previous missions.

  Detail 9: The magic "coat" of manned spacecraft

  Shenzhou 11 runs in an orbit about 400 kilometers above the earth’s surface, where it will be affected by the radiation of the sun, the radiation and reflection of the earth-atmosphere, and many high-energy particles floating in space. In such an environment, how can a spaceship better protect itself?

  Fu Yang said that the magical "coat" they designed for the spacecraft.

  Just like human clothes, they can keep warm when it is cold, protect against the sun when it is shining, and at the same time, clothes can isolate the harm of harmful factors such as dust and smog to the skin.

  Researchers from the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group have designed a coat with a thickness of about 2 cm for the orbital module, which can effectively isolate the heat exchange between the space environment and the bulkhead of the orbital module. There is also a gorgeous composite film on the surface of the coat to improve the spacecraft’s protection against particles such as orbital atomic oxygen. A specially designed organic thermal control coating is sprayed on the outer surface of the return capsule, which provides strong support for ensuring the temperature conditions of the return capsule during the on-orbit period.

  At the bottom of the propulsion cabin, in order to effectively suppress the influence of high temperature after engine ignition on the propulsion cabin, multiple layers of heat insulation materials are used in this key area, and the highest temperature that can be isolated can reach 900℃.

  The top of the rocket is called the "tower of life" of astronauts (photo taken on October 17). Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Shiping photo

  Detail 10: Escape Engine — — Astronauts’ "reassurance" of patrolling the sky

  People who have seen shenzhou spaceship launch will notice that there is a steeple-like device similar to a lightning rod at the top of the rocket, which is an escape and rescue system independently developed by the Fourth Institute of Aerospace Science and Technology Group and called the "tower of life" for astronauts.

  Yu Hailin, commander-in-chief of the escape engine of the Fourth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that the escape system bears the mission of astronauts’ safety and lifesaving, and it is one of the three major technical difficulties that China’s manned spaceflight project must break through. The escape and life-saving system successfully developed by the people of the Fourth Hospital overcame difficulties, which provided safety guarantee for astronauts to survey the sky with confidence.

  According to Yu Hailin, the escape tower has special performance and complex technology, and only the United States and Russia have mastered this technology in the world.

  Detail 11: the magic weapon for the safe return of the spacecraft

  Recovery landing is the last step of manned space activities, and it is also the last stick to determine whether astronauts can go home safely.

  Rong Wei, shenzhou spaceship, deputy chief designer of the Fifth Academy of Aerospace Science and Technology Group, said that the 508 Institute of the Fifth Academy was responsible for the development of the shenzhou spaceship recovery landing system, and has successively overcome key technologies such as oversize parachute, landing buffer, static pressure parachute opening height control, multi-mode recovery program control, and non-fly-by-wire bomb cover opening, and developed a set of spacecraft recovery landing system with the highest recovery quality, the lowest landing speed, the highest reliability and safety and the most complicated system in China.

  He said that the bright spot of Shenzhou XI’s recovery and landing is obvious. First, it is the first large parachute in China. Parachute system is an important aerodynamic deceleration device in the spacecraft’s return phase, which can reduce the spacecraft’s return cabin entering the atmosphere from the speed of high-speed rail to the speed of ordinary people jogging. The system consists of more than 7,000 parts, which is the largest and most complicated system in the parachute recovery of spacecraft in China. Among them, the main umbrella is 1200 square meters, which can cover a football field. The second is the landing buffer technology to improve ride comfort. After "soft" friction with the air, the spacecraft’s return capsule entered the landing buffer, and the last step was a hard-hitting collision. In order to keep the astronauts’ good ride experience even when the spacecraft "landed", the researchers applied the landing buffer technology to the landing buffer system of the shenzhou spaceship return capsule, thus realizing the "soft landing" of the return capsule. (Source: Xinhua News Agency’s all-media reporting platform, Xinhua Viewpoint Producer: Li Daixiang Reporter: Liu Shiping, Li Guoli, Chen Xi, Wei Hua, Xiao Sisi Video: Yang Shiyi, Cao Jiangtao, Li Nan, Chen Xi)