District governments and relevant units:
"Beijing Water Resources Security Plan (2020-2035)" has been considered and adopted by the executive meeting of the municipal government and the special meeting of the director of the urban work committee of the municipal party committee, and submitted for approval according to the procedures. It is hereby printed and distributed.
beijing municipal water affairs bureau
September 15, 2022
Two years ago, Alibaba and JD.COM, the first and fourth largest Internet listed companies in China, respectively joined hands with Suning Yunshang and Yonghui Supermarket, and their transformation from "electricity" to "store" was regarded by the outside world as the horn of e-commerce bosses to go offline.
Arribe cast a dense net. In November 2016, Sanjiang Shopping Announcement introduced Alibaba Zetai as its strategic investor, with an investment of 2.15 billion yuan. If Hangzhou Alibaba Zetai converts all exchangeable corporate bonds into shares, the shareholding ratio can reach 35%.
In December 2016, Yiguo Fresh, which was invested by Ali, "took over" 237 million domestic shares of Lianhua Supermarket sold by Yonghui Supermarket (accounting for 21.17% of the total share capital of Lianhua Supermarket) and became the second shareholder of Lianhua Supermarket. Bailian is still the controlling shareholder of Lianhua Supermarket, holding a total of 42.73% of its shares.
In January 2017, Yintai Commercial announced the privatization, in which Ali participated and will become its controlling shareholder with a shareholding ratio of 74%.
In February 2017, Alibaba and Bailian Group announced a strategic cooperation.
Similarly, JD.COM’s actions are actually quite a few.
In June 2016, after JD.COM acquired No.1 Store, it started in-depth cooperation with Wal-Mart behind the latter. Wal-Mart will provide rich commodities through its global supply chain, and its physical stores in China will be connected to Dada, a crowdsourcing logistics platform invested by JD.COM and JD.COM.
It is not difficult to see that the retail industry is quietly storing the kinetic energy of change.
According to Chen Weihao, a partner of Huaping Investment, new retail has two main components: the first is the change of consumption demand of a new generation of consumers. Now the mainstream consumers after 70-90 are completely different from the previous generation. They pay more attention to product quality and service, personalization and technology, and at the same time, they have more disposable income and time. Under such circumstances, how can we meet the consumer demand? This is what the retail industry needs to respond to now.
The second point is technological innovation. For example, he said that few people used Alipay three years ago, and there was no WeChat payment. E-commerce began to rise on the PC side, and the real O2O has not yet begun. The smart phone has brought an earth-shaking change to the whole mobile Internet. All these new retails are good for technology and consumers’ information collection and feedback, all of which are achieved by the further development of Internet technology.
On October 13th, 2016, at the Alibaba Cloud Habitat Conference, Ma Yun first put forward the concept of "new retail" in his speech. Ma Yun asserted that "the era of pure e-commerce will soon end. In the next ten or twenty years, there is no such thing as e-commerce. Only new retail, that is, online and offline and logistics must be combined, can a real new retail be born."
The new retail concept was quickly accepted. All the giants in the retail industry will no longer talk about e-commerce and online shopping in 2017, but will advance on the new retail road. Fresh goods have always been the category that consumers buy the most frequently, and it seems logical for "new retail" to land here.
In January 2016, Hou Yi, the former director of Jingdong Logistics, founded Boxma Xiansheng in Shanghai, and later received a high investment from Ali. Boxma Xiansheng adopted the business model of "online e-commerce+offline stores", and the functions carried by the stores further increased compared with traditional retail, integrating "fresh supermarket+catering experience+online business warehousing". It is generally believed that Boxma Xiansheng will become the No.1 project of Ali’s new retail. Up to now, Boxma Xiansheng has opened 13 stores covering Beijing, Shanghai and Ningbo.
JD.COM is naturally unwilling to wait and die. In early 2016, JD.COM Fresh Food Division was established to accelerate the expansion of fresh food categories, quality control and cold chain logistics. Just after the Spring Festival in 2017, JD.COM set up a "secret force" outside the fresh food department. This organization is to do preparatory work for the development of offline fresh food stores in JD.COM. It is reported that the location of the offline fresh food store in JD.COM has been preliminarily determined: the first store is located in Yizhuang Dazu Square near JD.COM headquarters, with a business area of 4,000 square meters, and the second store is located in Wucai City, Qinghe Middle Street, Haidian District, with a business area of about 2,000 square meters.
JD.COM’s own new retail boots have not yet landed. On July 19th, the first store of "octopus (octopus) fresh", a new online and offline integrated retail format led by Meituan, officially opened.
Regardless of whether Meituan and JD.COM are benchmarking with Ali’s Boxma Xiansheng in the industry, this online and offline integration model can prove to some extent that new retail has been deeply cultivated from the past conceptual stage.
The cost of online traffic is getting higher and higher, while the proportion of commercial property leasing cost in the total cost of some physical retailers has dropped to less than 10%, and the gap between online and offline customer acquisition costs is narrowing or even reversing. Therefore, the continuous growth of pure e-commerce enterprises needs to rely on the integration and penetration of physical retail, and online and offline move from division to integration.
Xue Yu, senior analyst of IDC China, said that the continuous improvement of user experience and operational efficiency is the core requirement for business transformation, and the trends of standardization, interactivity, integration and globalization will become the main features of the "new retail" era. The core of new retail is the supply chain and ecosystem formed with consumers as the center.
Online is virtual, seemingly ethereal, and killing people is invisible; The offline is the truth. Although it is heavy, the knife is deadly. In the past, e-commerce enjoyed the benefits of online traffic, but ignored the fact that everyone was offline traffic before becoming online traffic, and offline traffic still had a lot of potential to be tapped, and offline also had many incomparable advantages online.
The new circulation is to serve the new consumer demand and guide the changes of the upstream industrial chain through the satisfaction of consumer demand. According to the reporter’s understanding, it is generally believed in the industry that the advantages of offline Shangchao have always focused on the satisfaction of customer experience. In the future competition, physical retailing will face more challenges focusing on how to manage users well and complete the changes in the new retail era through social networks, big data and logistics.
"E-commerce has inherent technological advantages under the transfer line. All innovative models are based on technical support, and the concept is also one of the advantages. The so-called concept is that the previous circulation is the terminal channel of production enterprises, but the new circulation form is for consumers, with the consumer demand as the core, because there is big data behind it." Li Mingtao, Dean of China International Electronic Commerce Center Research Institute, told reporters. The era of pure e-commerce will soon end, the form of pure retail will also be broken, and new retail will lead a new business model in the future.
Cao Lei, director of China E-commerce Research Center, once said: "In the past, online and offline retailing was in a state of’ with you and without me, with me and without you’. However, since last year, the integration of online and offline, from O2O to new retail, has become a broad consensus in the industry. Everyone began to think about complementing each other’s advantages, jointly doing a good job in product and service experience, and jointly dividing this cake, not just competition. "
Anxin county is rich in water resources. Baiyangdian Lake in Anxin County is an important water conservancy hub of Daqing River system, with an average total water resource of 41.24 million cubic meters for many years. The aquatic organisms in Baiyangdian Lake include plankton, benthos, fish and aquatic plants. At the same time, there are 26 species of birds belonging to 19 families, forming a good food chain structure and becoming an important aquatic product base in North China.
In order to truly replace the traditional retail model, "unmanned supermarket" must be better than "manned supermarket" on the basis of the existing model. So what does it take to be better than "someone"? Where are the benefits to consumers? Do we really need nobody?
In the short term, "unmanned supermarket" is difficult to replace the traditional retail business model, but intelligent supermarket is an inevitable trend of retail industry. Now it can occupy a place in the market by satisfying people’s curiosity, but to completely replace the traditional retail model, it is necessary to keep up with the rapid development of science and technology and study a better technical support and service model.
However, if only the hot concept hype of "unmanned supermarket" appears, it will be dispersed in a hubbub after the bubble is set off, and a new industry will not actually be formed. Then this technical concept of no hard goods is even more out of reach from the real retail reform.
"Unmanned supermarket" is indeed one of many possibilities for the retail industry in the future, but now, it is still far from enough.
CCTV News:The National Bureau of Statistics released April CPI and PPI data on May 11th. The data shows that in April, consumer demand continued to recover, and CPI, the national consumer price index, rose by 0.1% month-on-month, and rose by 0.3% year-on-year, with a slight increase.
From the ring comparison, CPI changed from last month’s decline to 0.1%. In food, the market supply is relatively sufficient, and the prices of fresh vegetables, shrimps and crabs, beef, eggs and fresh fruits have declined.
Among non-food items, due to the increase in travel during the small holiday, the prices of air tickets, transportation rental fees, hotel accommodation and tourism all went up. Affected by the upward trend of international gold price and oil price, domestic gold jewelry and gasoline prices have increased.
From a year-on-year perspective, CPI rose by 0.3%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the previous month. Among them, the prices of pork and fresh vegetables turned from falling to rising year-on-year, while the price declines of fuel cars and new energy cars all narrowed.
He Xiaoying, deputy director of the Analysis and Forecasting Department of the Price Monitoring Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that from the same period of last year, China’s economy rebounded well, and the endogenous power continued to increase. The increase of core CPI excluding food and energy was larger than that of last month. Among the eight categories of goods and services that constitute CPI, except for food, tobacco and alcohol, the prices of the other seven categories have all increased year-on-year, and the recovery of consumer demand has been further consolidated.
In April, industrial production continued to resume, and the national industrial producer ex-factory price index PPI decreased by 0.2% month-on-month and 2.5% year-on-year, which was 0.3 percentage points narrower than last month.
Central Bank: RMB loans increased by 10.19 trillion yuan in the first four months of 2024.
On May 11th, the central bank released financial statistics for April. Many indicators showed that the credit structure continued to be optimized and the interest rate remained low.
According to the data of the central bank, from the perspective of money supply, at the end of April, the broad money balance was 301.19 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 7.2%.
In terms of credit supply, at the end of April, the balance of RMB loans was 247.78 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.6%. In the first four months, RMB loans increased by 10.19 trillion yuan.
Central Bank: In April, the interest rate of new loans for enterprises and individuals remained at a historical low.
From the loan interest rate, in April, the weighted average interest rate of new loans issued by enterprises was 3.76%, 23 basis points lower than the same period of the previous year; The interest rate of new loans for individual housing is 3.7%, which is 48 basis points lower than the same period of last year, both of which are at historical lows.
Zhang Jun, chief economist of china galaxy Securities, said that the credit supply in April was in line with the current economic growth. In the first four months, various loans increased by 10.19 trillion yuan, a higher level in the same period in history. In previous years, the "roller coaster" phenomenon of credit supply caused by the "good start" of financial institutions was alleviated in 2024.
Central Bank: At the end of April, the stock of social financing scale was 389.93 trillion yuan, up 8.3% year-on-year.
Judging from the scale of social financing, at the end of April, the stock of social financing scale was 389.93 trillion yuan, up 8.3% year-on-year.
From the structural point of view, the growth rate of green loans and medium-and long-term loans in manufacturing industry remained at a high level of around 30%.
At the latest symposium on green finance held by the central bank and other four departments, the central bank said that the capital demand of green and low-carbon related industries is huge, and it is necessary to give full play to the role of green finance in optimizing resource allocation.
Pan Gongsheng, governor of the People’s Bank of China, said that developing green finance is an important direction to achieve high-quality financial development. At the end of the first quarter, China’s green bonds issued nearly 3.6 trillion yuan, and now the balance is 1.9 trillion yuan.
In April, the consumer price index rose by 0.3% year on year.
Data one:It rose by 0.3%. The National Bureau of Statistics released data on May 11th. In April, the national consumer price index (CPI) rose by 0.3% year-on-year, with an increase of 0.2 percentage points over the previous month. Among them, food prices fell by 2.7%, the same as last month, and non-food prices rose by 0.9%.
China’s balance of payments remained basically balanced in the first quarter.
Data 2:39.2 billion dollars. According to the latest data from the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, in the first quarter of 2024, China’s international payments remained basically balanced. Among them, the current account surplus was US$ 39.2 billion, accounting for 0.9% of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the same period, which remained in a reasonable and balanced range.
In April, the production and sales of new energy vehicles increased by over 30% year on year.
Data 3:35.9% and 33.5%. On May 11th, China Automobile Industry Association released data. In April, China’s automobile production and sales showed a rapid growth year-on-year. Among them, the production and sales of new energy vehicles maintained rapid growth. In April, 870,000 vehicles and 850,000 vehicles were completed, up by 35.9% and 33.5% respectively, and the market share reached 36%.
CCTV News:General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China thatYoung children have education, learning and teaching, earning from hard work, getting medical treatment for illness, providing for the old, living and supporting the weak.New progress has been made in the world to ensure that all people have more sense of gain in building and sharing development.
In the future, how will these seven aspects of work be promoted? What changes will it bring to people’s lives? On October 22nd, ministers and directors of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the National Health and Family Planning Commission gave a detailed explanation at the press conference. Find the answer from their "good voice" together ↓ ↓
Have a baby.
Chen Baosheng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Education:
By 2020, the gross enrollment rate of preschool education (that is, kindergartens) will reach 85%, and now it is 77.4%; Inclusive kindergartens account for more than 80% of kindergartens, and now it is more than 60%.
The stage of compulsory education is mainly a balanced development. Standardized development, integrated development, efforts to resolve the "school choice fever" and "large class size", by 2020, large class size must be completely eliminated. To solve the problem of students’ excessive academic burden, it is especially necessary to solve the problem of reducing the burden on schools and increasing the burden outside schools.
Learn to teach.
Chen Baosheng, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Education:
The construction of teaching staff is very important to improve the quality of education and train qualified builders and successors. Therefore, we should study and put forward opinions on strengthening the construction of teachers, formulate relevant policies and measures, and mobilize teachers’ enthusiasm for education.
We are fighting a tough battle to popularize high school education in an all-round way. By 2020, the gross enrollment rate in high school will reach over 90%. The gross enrollment rate of higher education reached 50%, and now it is 42.7%.
By 2020, the college entrance examination enrollment system with China characteristics will be established, because it is a baton. We will continue to do this work, and the establishment of this system will lead to a series of institutional reform measures.
You get what you earn.
Yin Weimin, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security:
In the next step, we will conscientiously follow the general requirements for employment in the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, that is, to achieve higher quality and full employment.
First, we should continue to adhere to the employment priority strategy and active employment policy, especially to combine employment policy with macroeconomic policy, industrial policy, fiscal policy and monetary policy. In the process of economic development, we should create more jobs, especially some high-quality jobs.
Second, vocational skills training should be carried out on a large scale to improve the ability of workers to find jobs and change jobs.
Third, we must continue to insist on entrepreneurship to promote employment. In recent years, why the employment situation has been relatively stable is that many college graduates, migrant workers and returnees are starting businesses. Entrepreneurship has a multiplier effect on employment, so we should support it.
Fourth, we must safeguard the rights and interests of workers, especially the equal employment system.
Finally, we still need to provide high-quality and efficient employment services, especially increasing Internet services, so that every worker who is willing to work can get help and support from the government in the public service system.
Have a doctor for the disease
Li Bin, Party Secretary and Director of the National Health and Family Planning Commission:
In the next step, we will further deepen the reform of the medical and health system and promote the sinking of resources through the new mechanism of various forms of medical consortia that we are now establishing, so as to promote the radiation and promotion of superior resources of medical services to difficult areas. On the one hand, through our counterpart support to poor areas; On the other hand, by training local medical talents free of charge, including college students, the number of medical talents in these poverty-stricken areas will be increased and their quality will be improved.
We should continue to strengthen the protection of people’s livelihood and expand the scope of contracted services of family doctors. Our current coverage is 430 million people, and we will continue to expand this scope. In particular, we must achieve full coverage of family doctor contract services for the poor, and some families with difficulties, chronic diseases and elderly people should focus on coverage.
It is necessary to increase the intensity of health poverty alleviation and expand the types of diseases that are centrally treated. Now we have concentrated on treating nine kinds of serious diseases, and the next step is to expand the scope of diseases. For deep poverty-stricken areas, it is necessary to focus on tackling key problems and solve the problems of poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness.
the elderly will be properly looked after
Yin Weimin, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security:
To solve the problem of how everyone can participate in the old-age insurance, it is necessary to fully implement the national insurance plan, which can register the specific situation of all uninsured people. Through this plan, those who are not insured will be mobilized to participate in the old-age insurance system.
There are many measures to solve the problem of sustainable development of funds. First, the national overall planning of basic old-age insurance should be realized as soon as possible, and the first step will be taken next year. First, the central adjustment system of basic old-age pension can balance the burden of old-age insurance among different regions. Because our country is relatively large, regional development is very uneven, and the degree of aging is also very different; Second, the State Council has made a decision on the investment and operation of pension funds. Now, eight provinces have entrusted the National Social Security Foundation to invest and operate, with more than 400 billion yuan, which will enable the accumulated pension funds to maintain and increase their value; Third, allocate state-owned assets to enrich the social security fund, so that the social security fund can become larger and larger.
Have a place to live.
Wang Menghui, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development:
In the next step, we will adhere to the goal of regulation and control, and maintain the continuity and stability of the policy. In particular, in accordance with the general secretary’s proposal, we should adhere to the positioning that "houses are for living, not for speculation" and accelerate the establishment of a housing system with multi-subject supply, multi-channel guarantee and simultaneous rent and purchase.
According to my personal opinion, by the middle of this century, we will build a socialist modern power, at least we will achieve the living environment and living conditions reaching the advanced level in the world at that time, that is to say, all the people mentioned in the report will live in a proper place. This is only a basic condition. We should not only live in a place, but also live in a beautiful environment, that is, to build a beautiful China. At the same time, we must make our living facilities more convenient and complete, so that our people can live a happier life and have a stronger sense of acquisition.
Help the weak.
Huang Shuxian, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Civil Affairs:
The first is to comprehensively improve the rescue guarantee system. The State Council promulgated the interim measures for social assistance, defined the "8+1" social assistance system, established a comprehensive temporary assistance system, comprehensively promoted medical assistance for serious and serious diseases, and coordinated the assistance and support system for urban and rural poor people.
(At present, the structure of the complete system of social assistance in China can be simply summarized by a formula — — “8+1”。 8 refers to "minimum security, support for destitute people, disaster relief, medical assistance, education aid, housing assistance, employment assistance and temporary assistance"; 1, is the participation of social forces. The first eight items are government actions and the last one is social participation, which together constitute a complete social assistance system. )
The second is to steadily improve the level of assistance and security. The financial funds used by governments at all levels for social assistance have increased from more than 180 billion yuan in 2012 to 250 billion yuan in 2017, and this figure has also increased year by year.
Third, the management of assistance and security was constantly standardized, and the information of household registration vehicles, bank deposits, securities and property, housing security and other aspects was compared with relevant departments, which improved the accuracy of the identification of assistance objects and achieved accurate assistance.
International Online Report (Reporter Yao Yanxia): They came to China because of their yearning; Because of their dreams, they chose to stay. When foreigners "meet China", what kind of sparks will they collide with?
Mach
Wahid Ahmadzai, 27, is from Afghanistan. He studies, works and lives in China, and he is more accustomed to being called by his Chinese name Mach. From taking part in an entrepreneurial competition in college to starting his own company in China (Beijing) Pilot Free Trade Zone (hereinafter referred to as "Beijing Pilot Free Trade Zone"), he valued the innovative development opportunities of China market. He also firmly believes that the development of China will surely drive the development of the world.
On the day of being interviewed by reporters, handsome and sunny Mach looked out the window at the endless traffic and crowds in Beijing, and his thoughts could not help but return to many years ago. "I came to China at the age of 18, and China is my second hometown. I am here to study, live, make friends and see the world. I began to understand the world in China."
In 2014, Mach came to Beijing from Afghanistan to study abroad and studied international trade at the University of International Business and Economics. At school, Mach teamed up with two China students to participate in the China College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program and the China International "internet plus" College Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Competition, and won the silver medal in the competition. That experience opened the door for Mach to start a business in China.
Mach (second from left)
In September 2020, the Beijing Pilot Free Trade Zone was formally established. With the increasingly open China, Mach saw the opportunity and came up with new entrepreneurial ideas: he wanted to build a platform, break down the information barrier, let international talents and foreign enterprises better understand China’s policies and business environment, and help them achieve entrepreneurship and employment development.
A month later, the construction of the CBD international talent port in Beijing Free Trade Zone was launched, and efforts were made to build a comprehensive talent development service platform integrating talent gathering, comprehensive services, development and cultivation, and exchanges and interactions. The positioning of this platform and Mach’s entrepreneurial idea "hit it off" quickly received a positive response from the relevant person in charge of Beijing Chaoyang District High-level Talent Service Center. The company that Mach wanted to start also quickly entered the registration procedure and became one of the first foreign-funded enterprises registered in the Beijing Pilot Free Trade Zone. From the idea to the company’s establishment, Mach couldn’t believe it. "When I came, I was an international student and I didn’t know anyone. I can develop step by step here, start a business step by step, etc., and get encouragement and support from the government, society and the market, which reminds me of one point: as long as you have an idea in China, you can achieve it. "
Mach at the launching ceremony of Chaoyang International Talent Entrepreneurship Conference
After the establishment of Mach’s company, the staff of Beijing Chaoyang District High-level Talent Service Center also guided him to carry out various tasks and helped him to connect with resources such as venues, media and public institutions.
In the eyes of his friends, Mach has become an "entrepreneurial expert". He will explain the policies of Beijing Free Trade Zone to his friends with great interest, and tell them what are the advantageous industries in various districts of Beijing and what preferential measures are available for foreign investment … … In a foreign country, from an ignorant international student to an "entrepreneur" today, Maher said, thanks to the opportunities brought to the world by the increasingly open and high-quality development of China, "foreigners have always been concerned about the opportunities in China. As an entrepreneur, we very much hope to have a position, a mission and a direction. I think China is a country with mission, direction and orientation. Therefore, in such a country, the space for development is very good. "
After work, Mach was also invited to participate in the "Global Youth Leaders Dialogue Project" of the globalization think tank. Last year, he and other foreign youths visited Jinan and Zibo in Shandong Province, China. During that trip, together with young people from many countries, he learned local development experience and started exchanges and dialogues with local governments and outstanding talents, which benefited Mach a lot. This year, he also participated in China International Fair for Trade in Services (hereinafter referred to as "Service Trade Fair") with the "Global Youth Leaders Dialogue Project". Maher said: "The Service Trade Fair has promoted the cooperation and exchange between China enterprises and overseas enterprises in the service trade sector, which provides enterprises with a higher platform and a display base. At the same time, it allows everyone to better explore how to further optimize service trade and let more corporate talents and markets pay attention to the track of service trade. "
Mach said that whether it is to build a platform for young people from different countries to exchange ideas, learn from each other and learn from each other, or to build a platform for mutual cooperation and common development for enterprises from different countries, it has greatly reflected China’s efforts and achievements in promoting the building of a community of human destiny, "Global Development Initiative, ‘ Belt and Road ’ Rural revitalization … … China has indeed made a lot of achievements in these areas, and China has accumulated a lot of practice and experience, which can also be learned from overseas. Therefore, the development opportunities of China have become the development opportunities of the world. "
Nowadays, Mach’s overseas business is growing. They help China enterprises connect with overseas human resources companies, and build service trade channels for China enterprises and foreign enterprises. As an entrepreneur, Maher wants to stay in China all the time, because he is full of confidence in the future development of China. "As an entrepreneur, I look at this matter from an entrepreneurial logic: When do we say that a company is particularly good? When it has a very good prospect. I think the prospect of China is very recognized and optimistic. We have always insisted that not only China will become better, but China will also drive the development of other countries. The community of human destiny is a very respectable value, so if you want to look at the future of China, you should look at its values. "
The present situation of religion in China
The change of the mainstream Confucian religious view in China’s history during the Republic of China from the founding of New China to the establishment and practice of the contemporary new religious view in 1956. The progress and mistakes of the national religious theory from 1957 to 1976, the innovation of the religious theory with China characteristics since the reform and opening up, and several cognitive problems in implementing the basic principles of the party’s religious work
General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the Central United Front Work Conference that ethnic work and religious work are all overall work. Religious work is essentially mass work. We should fully implement the party’s policy of freedom of religious belief, manage religious affairs according to law, adhere to the principle of independence and self-management, and actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society. To actively guide religion to adapt to the socialist society, we must adhere to the direction of China, improve the level of legalization of religious work, treat the social role of religion dialectically, pay attention to the role of religious figures, and guide religious efforts to serve the promotion of economic development, social harmony, cultural prosperity, national unity and the reunification of the motherland. The speech highly summarized the importance of religious work and the connotation of the Party’s principles and policies on religious work, especially expounded the four "musts" of actively guiding religion to adapt to the socialist society, and first emphasized that "we must adhere to the direction of China", which was very meaningful. This is not only the latest incisive summary of the religious work experience since the founding of New China, but also contains the historical wisdom of Chinese civilization in dealing with religious issues.
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The mainstream Confucian religious view in China’s history
Historically, the mainstream society and politicians in China have been mainly guided by Confucian views on religion. Confucius famously said, "Stay away from ghosts and gods". He is not keen on the way of ghosts and gods, but he takes a "respect" attitude towards the religious beliefs of ordinary people. Ceng Zi, a student of Confucius, said, "Be cautious in pursuing the future, and people’s morality will return to thick.". Pursuing the distance carefully is ancestor worship, whose function is to make the moral fashion of ordinary people simple and honest, which is the moral function of religion today. Later, Yi Zhuan summarized this function as "teaching by Shinto", which means that the way of ghosts and gods is regarded as a means of moral education. This is the attitude of Confucianism towards religion. Under the influence of Confucius, the mainstream society in China is "moderate" towards religion. Although China’s dynasties were autocratic politically, they were pluralistic and inclusive in cultural and religious policies. After Buddhism and Islam were introduced into China, their contents and forms changed. For example, Zen Buddhism appeared in China, advocating human Buddhism; Chinese Islam does not pursue the unity of politics and religion, and its exclusiveness is greatly weakened. Is Confucius’ thought a religion? My point of view is that Confucianism is basically not a religion, but an ethical anthropology in the East, because Confucius does not talk about the problem of afterlife and ghosts and gods, and the view without gods and the other side cannot be called religion. Confucius spent his whole life talking about how to be a man and how to govern the country."University" summed up these views as: self-cultivation, keeping the family in order, governing the country and leveling the world. Confucius was a thinker and educator, not a religious teacher. Of course, Confucius’ thoughts are also religious, for example, "fearing fate" and attaching great importance to religious sacrifices.
In addition, Confucianism says that "harmony is precious", "harmony is different" and "Tao is parallel but not contradictory", and the concept of harmony is the most abundant in Confucianism. This has enabled China to accommodate many religions. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism came into being in parallel and multi-religious coexistence. Buddhism spread to China, there are objections, but the mainstream of society is accepted; After Taoism flourished, there was room for its existence. Later, Christianity and Islam also spread to China and became a part of China’s multi-religions. As long as the relevant religions are patriotic, law-abiding and good-advised, there is a reasonable and legal space for their existence in China. Because the mainstream Confucianism in China is tolerant and moderate, there are many religious categories in China, which is rare in the world. The world’s three major religions and their main sects have spread in China, as well as ethnic religions such as Taoism, as well as a large number of folk religions and various primitive worship, so some people say that China is the "United Nations of religions". Today, there are five religions in China, namely Taoism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity and Catholicism. Except Taoism, the other four religions are foreign religions, which shows the inclusiveness of China’s religious culture. Harmony is the main theme among religions. You have me and I have you. The doctrines of various religions are moderate, and extremism is difficult to develop. In the long-term historical development, religions in China have formed a profound and fine tradition.There are mainly: patriotism and love of teaching are highly unified, with doing good deeds as the first meaning, advancing with the times, being brave in innovation, symbiosis and mutual prosperity, mutual respect and learning, politics leading and teaching assisting, teaching not doing politics, culture promoting and civilized exchanges, national subject, and internal and external integration. For more than 2,000 years, Chinese has had a universal basic belief, that is, to respect the ancestors of heaven and law, but it does not exclude other religions. The core of China’s belief culture is Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism. Confucianism is not a religion, but it plays the role of western Christianity. When Buddhism entered China, it successfully connected with Confucianism and Taoism, and there was Zen Buddhism in China. China’s Islam has also made great achievements in the direction of China. The China process of Christianity in China (in a broad sense) is facing various difficulties, but it is also advancing steadily. In the history of China, religions have basically maintained peace and harmony. There is no religious war or inquisition, and they can become good neighbors. Although there were frictions, there were also "three martial arts and one incident" to destroy the Buddha, but the duration was short, and religious confrontation could not become a tradition. In history, religion has never created a huge obstacle to social reform and progress, but it is a kind of help.
Changes of mainstream religious views in the Republic of China
Since modern times, the religious view of mainstream society in China has changed, and the treatment of religion is no longer moderate and inclusive, but radical and negative, especially after the Revolution of 1911, religion has been constantly impacted. This is because China’s modern society is relatively backward and has suffered too much humiliation from the West. In order to liberate and revitalize the country independently, people think that China’s culture lacks democracy and science, so they should learn from the West and save the country with science and democracy. China needed democracy and science, but scholars in the Republic of China didn’t see that when the West developed democracy and science, Christianity was not replaced, but reformed it to serve modernization. At that time, the theory of "religious substitution" was popular in academic circles, arguing that there was no religious position in China’s future cultural construction. Cai Yuanpei proposed aesthetic education to replace religion, Chen Duxiu and Hu Shi proposed science to replace religion, Liang Shuming proposed ethics to replace religion, and Feng Youlan proposed philosophy to replace religion. So at that time, people ignored the study of religion. During the period of the Republic of China, Buddhism and Taoism were also proposed to "develop learning through temple property", and the National Government confiscated many temple properties. In fact, it looked down on Buddhism and Taoism and wanted to restrict it. At the same time, a "non-Christian movement" took place, totally denying Christianity, with a fierce attitude. At that time, the mainstream of academic circles was dominated by scientism and belittled religion on the grounds of "unscientific". In fact, the major religious subjects performed well in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the democratic revolution, which is commendable.
从新中国成立到1956年当代新宗教观的建立和实践
这一时期的宗教观体现了唯物史观与中国实际的结合，理论上有所创新，政策健康，实践成果辉煌，是新中国宗教工作的黄金时期。中国共产党在革命年代确立的民族平等和尊重保护宗教信仰自由的政策，新中国成立之后不仅继承下来，而且加以发扬。尤其在和平解放西藏、进军新疆、实现全国统一的过程中，解放军和党的干部忠实执行民族宗教政策，起了关键作用。1951年5月，毛泽东对主持西藏工作的张国华说：“你们在西藏考虑问题，首先要想到民族和宗教这两样事，一切工作必须慎重稳进。”从而“慎重稳进”成为党处理民族宗教问题的基本方针。十七条协议明确规定：实行宗教信仰自由政策，保护喇嘛寺庙，尊重西藏人民的宗教信仰自由和风俗习惯。1952年10月毛泽东接见西藏代表团时说：“共产党对宗教采取保护政策”，“今天对宗教采取保护政策，将来也仍然采取保护政策。”由于民族宗教政策符合马克思主义和中国国情，特别是能够对藏传佛教和伊斯兰教加以正确对待，在短时间内，中国顺利实现了统一大业（台湾除外），It ended the unstable and turbulent state in Xinjiang, Tibet and other ethnic areas that existed for a long time because of imperialist intervention and the corruption and incompetence of the old China government. The national feelings were unprecedentedly harmonious and the construction industry developed rapidly.
In terms of Christianity and Catholicism, it is mainly to carry out anti-imperialist patriotic movements, eliminate imperialist forces and influences, and establish patriotic church groups run by China Christians, such as the Christian "Three Self" Patriotic Association and the Catholic Patriotic Association. Buddhism and Taoism in Han Dynasty mainly get rid of the influence of feudal system, advocate self-reliance and participate in social construction.
From the perspective of how to treat and deal with religious issues, the mainstream religious theory and practice at that time can be summarized into two theories, namely, the theory of five natures and the theory of United front. On behalf of the Central Committee, Comrade Li Weihan, then head of the United Front Work Department of the Central Committee, put forward the theory of five religions: mass, long-term, complexity, nationality and internationality. Religion is not only regarded as a world outlook and spiritual culture, but also fully seen the social attributes of religion, which is a living social force and social culture with great influence and stability. Therefore, religious work must not be simplified, but should be taken seriously. The mass nature of religion makes us understand that the attitude towards religion is the attitude towards believers, which must be respected and cannot be forced to order. The long-term nature of religion makes us consciously overcome impatience and not regard religion as the remnants of old culture and rush to destroy it, because the roots of religion will exist for a long time and religious work must make long-term plans. The complexity of religion requires us to understand the multiple structures and diverse forms of religion itself, its multi-faceted relationship with social politics, economy and culture, and the duality of its social functions. Only by fully studying and understanding it can we do a good job in religious work. The nationality of religion tells us that religious issues are intertwined with ethnic issues. In China, religious issues are an important part of ethnic issues, and religious work is related to national unity and national unity. The internationality of religions makes us pay attention to the transnational influence of the three major religions in the world and the international communication of religions.由此宗教工作与中国的外交事业联系起来。统战论是中国共产党处理与宗教界爱国人士关系的方针。鉴于中国宗教界大多数在革命与建设中有良好表现，故中国共产党把宗教界作为团结对象，是朋友不是敌人。
1957年至1976年民族宗教理论的进展与失误
这一时期，民族宗教工作在理论与实践上既有开拓，也有失误和倒退。毛泽东在1957年发表的《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》中指出：“我们不能用行政命令去消灭宗教，不能强制人们不信教。不能强制人们放弃唯心主义，也不能强制人民相信马克思主义。”他肯定了宗教信仰是思想问题和人民内部问题，不能用强制方法解决。这一时期强调宗教信仰自由政策并明确反对用行政命令消灭宗教，坚持了马克思主义宗教观。
从1957年反右派斗争起，经过1958年大跃进，到1962年反右倾斗争，强调千万不能忘记阶级斗争，再到1963年起开展的“四清”运动，“左”倾思潮逐渐抬头，民族宗教领域不断受到冲击。一是强调“民族问题实质是阶级问题”，把民族宗教领域阶级斗争扩大化。二是大量关闭拆除宗教寺庙，有些地方粗暴限制宗教正常活动。三是坚持正确路线的李维汉同志遭到批判，造成思想混乱，民族宗教工作开始走偏。
1966年至1976年“文化大革命”时期，领导人错误地贯彻“以阶级斗争为纲”的路线，各项工作包括民族宗教工作遭到全面破坏，宗教活动停止，宗教场所和文物被大量毁坏，宗教界人士被当作“牛鬼蛇神”遭到横扫和迫害。这是中华民族的一场大浩劫，也是民族宗教领域的一场大灾难。
改革开放以来中国特色宗教理论的创新
改革开放后，我们进行了反思，认为“文革”的做法完全违背了马克思主义。恩格斯说：“一切宗教都不过是支配着人们日常生活的外部力量在人们头脑中的幻想的反映，在这种反映中，人间的力量采取了超人间的力量的形式。”他指出了宗教存在的深刻根源，因此反对向宗教宣战。这种唯物史观是马克思主义宗教观的理论基石。
By bringing order out of chaos, religious work has returned to the Marxist track. There are the following signs:
One is the 19th Document in 1982, which summarized the experience and lessons of the Party and the government on religious issues and pointed out that religion will exist for a long time in socialist society. After religion entered the socialist society, its functions have undergone fundamental changes, mainly contradictions among the people; The fundamental task of religious work is to unite religious people with non-religious people and devote themselves to socialist modernization. This is our party’s new understanding of religion.
Secondly, in 1993, the Central Committee proposed "actively guiding religions to adapt to socialist society". I think the theory of religious adaptation is of great significance. It is the first positive affirmation that religion and socialist society have something in common and can adapt to each other, which is a new development of Marxist religious view.
Thirdly, since the 21st century, the central government has proposed to give full play to the positive role of religion in building a harmonious society, emphasizing the theory of building religious harmony, and giving full play to the positive role of religious figures and believers in promoting cultural prosperity and economic and social development. As a result, religious culture theory, religious harmony theory and religious promotion theory rose.
宗教文化论阐述宗教的文化属性和功能，揭示了宗教满足人们心灵情感需求的深层本质，展示了宗教在精神文化领域影响社会的特殊作用，为引导宗教健康发展和更好地适应当代社会开辟了广阔的空间。
宗教和谐论是对前苏联式宗教斗争论的反思与超越，也是对中华宗教文化多元和谐传统的继承和发展，同时体现科学发展观以人为本、全面协调、统筹兼顾的要求，推动宗教多元平等、和谐共生、政教协调、文明对话，促进民族团结、社会稳定、和平发展，成为引导宗教关系走向的主要理论。
而宗教促进论则表现出主流社会对宗教界的尊重和信任，突出信教群体的主体地位，从而有益于发挥宗教界人士的积极性主动性。从中我们可以看出，党的宗教理论和宗教政策发展有阶段性，随着改革开放的进展，向着更开放、更现代、更文明的方向发展。
宗教的社会作用有其两重性，但是完全可以通过引导，尽量缩小消极作用，充分发挥积极作用，这正是习总书记所強调的“必须辩证看待宗教的社会作用”。今天，主流社会的宗教观是社会主义与中华文明的有机结合，因此才有民族宗教关系的和谐。
贯彻党的宗教工作基本方针的几个认识问题
第一，贯彻宗教信仰自由政策与温和无神论。保护宗教信仰自由是宗教工作基本方针中最重要、最根本的一条，现在我们已经把它提到了尊重和维护人权的高度。外国有人说中国共产党是无神论政党，中国社会主义意识形态是无神的，共产党不可能贯彻宗教信仰自由政策。我认为这里面有很多误解和偏见。无神论有多种。十八世纪法国战斗无神论影响很大，有其历史功绩，但其哲学是旧唯物论，不了解宗教存在的根源和发展规律，简单否定和激烈反对宗教，认为宗教是“傻瓜遇到骗子的产物”。而马克思主义者应该是温和的无神论者，不会人为地去消灭宗教；同时，维护群众的权益，其中就包含选择信仰的权益。我们真心实意维护宗教信仰自由，它是社会主义思想体系所决定的，是社会主义宗教观、民主观、平等观所决定的。我们是唯物史观支持下的无神论，它不信神，但能尊重别人的宗教信仰，这是它高于战斗无神论的地方。因此社会主义者应该是宗教信仰自由政策最坚定的维护者。“信仰上互相尊重，政治上团结合作”，体现了温和无神论的平等、包容精神。
Second, manage religious affairs and normalization of religious affairs according to law. This is what is needed to establish a modern democratic and legal country. In the past, we used to manage religious affairs by administrative means or by relying solely on policies. In the future, we will change to manage religious affairs according to law. First, religious legislation should be improved, second, the concept of legal system should be strengthened, and third, the law enforcement system should be complete. Our legal system is still not perfect. At present, the Regulations on Religious Affairs promulgated in the State Council is a comprehensive national administrative regulation, which needs to be improved. Managing religious affairs is not interfering in the internal affairs of religious circles, but managing affairs related to public interests and national interests. The purpose of management is to protect normal and legal activities, stop illegal activities and crack down on criminal activities. At present, management is undergoing two changes: from direct administrative management to indirect management according to law, and from preventive abnormal management to service-oriented normal management. "Protection, management, guidance and service" advocated by the State Bureau of Religious Affairs is the essence of management.
Third, adhere to the principle of independence and self-management and the localization of religion. This mainly deals with Catholicism and Christianity. Historically, after the Opium War, Catholicism and Christianity were indeed under the control of imperialism, and they once became tools for western powers to invade China. Today, western hostile forces are still using religion to try to evolve China’s regime. Therefore, it is very important to emphasize independence and self-management. We should make Catholicism and Christianity a cause run by patriots in China. This is not only conducive to safeguarding our national dignity and national sovereignty, but also conducive to the healthy development of Catholicism and Christianity. On the premise of independence and self-management, on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, we will carry out international friendly exchanges in religion, actively participate in world religious dialogues and civilized dialogues, and promote world peace and development. We should not only be independent in educational affairs, but also absorb Chinese culture and thoughts, build theology with China characteristics, make Catholicism and Christianity China, and make our own way in doctrine.
Fourth, actively guide religion to adapt to socialist society and multi-dimensional guidance. Adaptation is multi-level and multi-faceted, and it can’t just be satisfied with patriotism and law-abiding. It is adaptation at the legal and political levels. At the same time, it should be carried out in an all-round way economically, culturally and socially. Adaptation is a two-way street — — Religious circles should adapt to our socialist society in the process of modernization; Our cadres and scholars also have a problem of re-learning, re-understanding the function of religion and actively guiding religion to adapt to socialist society. Now is the most relaxed historical period for the normal existence and activities of religions in China. The teaching community should establish a healthy teaching style, strictly observe the religious rules, build a good teaching staff, inherit and carry forward the Chinese spirit of benevolence, tolerance and harmony, stay away from and resist extremism, provide better services to the society in its own way, and live up to this great era and the ardent expectations of the party, the government and all walks of life for the religious community. Academic circles should continue to participate in the construction of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s religious theory, which is our responsibility and responsibility.
Zhongxin. com, Kashgar, Xinjiang, June 3 (Reporter Zhu Jingchao) The reporter learned from the China Merchants Bureau in Kashgar, Xinjiang on the 3 rd that the high-spicy peppers implemented by aid enterprises Shenzhen and Zhengyuan Technology Group were successfully planted in Kashgar and other places. This year, they have been planted in a large area and industrialized to help the local consolidate the results of poverty alleviation.
On the 3rd, the reporter saw in Jiashi County, Kashgar, a thousand acres of high-spicy pepper planting base that it was growing well. He Ming, the first secretary of the Gezikushan River Basin Management Office in Kashgar who was stationed in Qirike Village, Jiashi County, and the leader of the visiting team, told the reporter that the high-spicy pepper project was introduced by the village committee in contact with the Shenzhen Chamber of Commerce. In the Xinmei nursery base of the village, Shenzhen Hezhengyuan Science and Technology Group provided high-spicy pepper seedlings and technical management free of charge, and the village cooperative transferred 128 farmers’ land at a transfer fee of 600 yuan per mu. At present, there are 60 laborers working in the field. At the autumn harvest, the group is responsible for the acquisition.
Chen Haiou, chairman of Shenzhen Hezhengyuan Science and Technology Group, said that in 2020, the trial planting of high-spicy peppers was successful in southern Xinjiang. According to the test report of Chengdu Huace Testing Technology Co., Ltd., the capsaicin content reached the standard and other indicators were excellent. This year, it has been planted in Kashgar, Hotan and other counties and cities, reaching 10,000 mu.
He said that the peppers planted this year are mainly used for the production of hot pot bottom materials and seasonings. At the same time, the Shenzhen Institute of Coating Technology was introduced to apply high-spicy peppers to the research and development and production of new special coatings, and after high yield, food processing plants and new special coatings processing plants were put on the ground in Kashgar Economic Development Zone.
He Ming predicted that the yield per mu of hot pepper this year would be about 400 kilograms. According to the acquisition agreement signed with Shenzhen and Zhengyuan Science and Technology Group, the income per mu will increase by more than 2,000 yuan this year, which is of great significance for helping local areas consolidate poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization.
Hate people, laugh at people.
This is the psychology of many people, although it is a little morbid.
But it does not affect its rapid spread.
After seeing Jia Ling’s "slimming film" YOLO take more than 2 billion box office,
Netizen, you can’t help but spray.
Actually, before the film YOLO was released.
Many netizens said that Jia Ling’s eating was too ugly.
Spend a lot of money on film promotion.
Take "losing 100 pounds" as a gimmick.
Take up too much public resources
But the more fierce netizens scold.
The faster the box office in YOLO rises.
At present, it has opened the gap with the second-ranked Pegasus 2.
There is a simple logic in this.
Any movie that wants to get a high box office.
Everyone needs to work hard on publicity.
Because this is no longer the era of "the fragrance of wine is not afraid of the depth of the alley"
Waiting to drive the box office by word of mouth
The final result will only be several hundred million.
Instead of four or five billion in YOLO.
After the film was released
Douban. com scored 8.0 points for YOLO.
But even so,
There are still many people giving bad reviews to Jia Ling’s new film.
There are various reasons.
It is said that this film is a diet film, and there is no nutrition.
It is said that the plot is extremely poor and consumes women.
There are doubts that the characters in the play are grandiose and unrealistic.
In short, in the eyes of these people
Jia Ling’s new film is a downright bad film.
Shouldn’t get such a high box office
Recently, People’s Daily published a comment on Jia Ling’s new film.
This film is not just about losing weight, but a touching story about loving yourself, bravely pursuing your dreams and persisting.
Anyone who has seen YOLO knows that.
This film is intended to emphasize that people should not be mediocre in their lives.
Seize the opportunity when it comes and work hard for it, even if it fails in the end.
There is nothing to regret.
Perhaps Jia Ling’s new film is flawed in plot design, role positioning and specific plot.
But they can’t hide the light that "Jia Ling lost 100 pounds in order to complete his dream"
The total box office predicted by Cat’s Eye Platform for YOLO is 4.1 billion.
Therefore, there is a saying on the Internet:
Jia Ling lost 100 pounds and earned billions.
With such motivation, everyone can do it.
Don’t say it’s 10 million yuan a catty, it’s 1 million yuan a catty.
There are many people who can do it.
On this ground, they think that Jia Ling is too utilitarian, and at the same time feel that this film has nothing to show off.
In this regard, the old meditation said:
Jia Ling is not a man of god, and she can’t decide the fate of YOLO.
Sometimes, it’s wrong to be results-oriented.
No one can be sure that Jia Ling’s weight loss of 100 pounds will enable YOLO to win billions of box office.
And in the matter of losing weight, Jia Ling’s original intention is to live more comfortably.
Not for the money.
More importantly,
Jia Ling was not poor before filming YOLO.
Don’t expect to make a movie to achieve the goal of turning over or becoming famous overnight.
On the contrary, she is already one of the best hosts in the circle.
And has a strong box office appeal.
Ace to Ace and Travel Notes of Youth Circle are her masterpieces.
Hello Li Huanying made her the highest-grossing female directors in China.
Even if you don’t make a movie and just record a few programs, you will have nothing to worry about in your life.
With this premise.
Jia Ling didn’t meet the film requirements.
Losing 100 pounds crazily is especially valuable.
The current multi-billion box office shows that fans feel the sincerity of Jia Ling.
They are willing to pay for this work of low quality!
Therefore, YOLO is definitely not a simple slimming film, and the value conveyed by the film is more worthy of our deep thinking!
The State Council joint prevention and control mechanism held a press conference on May 31st to introduce the situation of epidemic prevention and control and vaccination. Since May, a total of 50 new confirmed cases have been reported in China, and new confirmed cases or asymptomatic infected people have been reported for 18 consecutive days, involving many provinces.The epidemic situation is characterized by rapid spread and strong spread of strains. The the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism has sent a working group to Guangdong to guide the handling of the epidemic..What other latest news is worth paying attention to? Let’s look at it together-
How is the national vaccination going?
As of May 30, the country has reported vaccination with Covid-19 vaccine.639.172 million doses. Vaccination has been accelerated on a large scale, with an average of 12.47 million doses per day since May, 2.58 times that of April, with the highest dose per day exceeding 20 million.We should continue to accelerate vaccination and build the Great Wall of Immunization..
How to arrange the recent vaccination work?
From June 10 to 30, the second dose of vaccination was mainly carried out for these target groups who had already received the first dose.However, for those with special needs, such as going abroad and other epidemic prevention and control, continue to inoculate the first dose of vaccine.After July, the first and second doses of vaccination will continue to be fully promoted., do a good job of COVID-19 vaccine inoculation in an orderly manner.
Is COVID-19 vaccine going to be charged?
At present, our vaccination work is based on the needs of epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, combined with the actual vaccine supply and the vaccination work arrangement at this stage. We advance by steps, highlight key points, and give informed consent.The principle of voluntary and free vaccinationTo vaccinate all kinds of people step by step.Everyone must not believe in rumors, let alone spread them..
Local sporadic cases have appeared in some places one after another. Will the normalization prevention and control measures be adjusted?
Recently, the local epidemics, especially in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, were all caused by the import of foreign viruses.Shenzhen was caused by the mutant virus first discovered in Britain, and the epidemic in Guangzhou was caused by the mutant virus first discovered in India. The spread ability of these two viruses was enhanced than before..
According to this new situation, all the tools in the toolkit for preventing and controlling the spread of epidemic should be called out, and it should be adopted and implemented accurately and forcefully.It may be strengthened and adjusted accordingly in terms of implementation strength, scope and duration..
Any suggestions for the Dragon Boat Festival holiday?
The advice given by holiday activities related to the past has not changed much. It is still that individuals should take precautions. Personal preventive measures include wearing masks in public places, paying attention to personal hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette.
In addition,People in medium-risk and high-risk areas should try to avoid unnecessary travel and reduce the cross-regional spread of the epidemic..
If you have fever or respiratory symptoms during the trip, you should quit the trip in time, avoid contact with other people and seek medical advice in time.Especially to the standardized medical institutions with fever clinics..
Is the domestic COVID-19 vaccine effective for the mutant strain?
We carried out a cross neutralization experiment in China by using the serum obtained from overseas Phase III clinic, including strains found in South Africa and Britain, including epidemic strains found in different regions of China. Up to now, these sera can still react well with these viruses.It should be said that the vaccine still has good protection..
The variation of the virus is eternal, it happens naturally, and at present,As long as the mutation of the virus can be controlled, the vaccine should still be able to protect the current situation for a long time..
Under some special circumstances, enterprises in China are also ready to develop new vaccines in response to sudden major mutations.Vaccines against mutant strains can be developed quickly..
What are the contraindications of Covid-19 vaccine?
Technical Guide to Vaccination in COVID-19 (First Edition)Five situations of vaccination taboo are specified, including:
1. When Covid-19 vaccine or similar vaccine was inoculated before.Have had allergies, this isAn absolute taboo.
2. Previous vaccinationHaving had a severe allergic reaction.
Step 3 suffer fromUncontrolled serious nervous system diseasesYes.
4. beingFeverOr suffer fromAcute diseaseorPatients with acute attack of chronic diseases.
5. Uncontrolled patients with severe chronic diseasesThese are relative taboos.
(The third, fourth and fifth categories are relative taboos. In the course of clinical research, it is not found that vaccination of these groups of people can lead to serious adverse reactions, but it is listed as a taboo for vaccination in order to prevent and guard against it. )
Some taboos, such as fever, acute disease and acute phase of chronic disease, are temporary. When these circumstances leading to taboos no longer exist,You can be vaccinated after recovery and stable disease control..
·Breast-feeding and menstrual women are not taboo for vaccination. Patients with depression, anemia, heart stent, etcIf the drug is well controlled, the condition is stable or you can live a normal life, you can also be vaccinated.
Whether you are taking antiviral drugs and can be vaccinated with Covid-19 vaccine depends on the condition at that time.If you can’t judge yourself, you can consult a clinician to judge whether you can be vaccinated..
What’s the difference between one shot, two shots and three shots?
What we are currently usingInactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine and recombinant protein vaccine.. These three types have their own characteristics in vaccine composition, production technology, immune principle and immune procedure.
·inactivated vaccineIn the preparation process, the virus is inactivated after a large number of cultures, purified after verification, and then turned into a vaccine. The main feature of this vaccine is that the technology is very mature, it has been used for hundreds of years, and the quality is very stable.Side effects are relatively few., 2 to 8 degrees storage, easy to transport and use.This vaccine is usually given with two injections.The first needle stimulates the immune system to produce memory cells, and the second needle induces a stronger antiviral immune memory response.
·Adenovirus vector vaccineThe S protein of the virus is introduced into adenovirus type 5 vector, and this antigen is introduced into cells by virtue of the ability of adenovirus to enter cells efficiently, and its expression stimulates the immune system. Because of its high efficiency and relative lack of resources,One shot is the whole process of immunity., you can improve the vaccination rate of the whole process of immunization.
·Recombinant protein vaccineIt is to use genetic engineering technology to set up engineering cells to express virus S protein, so that it can be expressed efficiently, and then it will become a vaccine after extraction.In most cases, this vaccine is given three injections, and the best immune response will be obtained after three injections..
These three kinds of vaccines are safe, effective and quality-controllable.The public can safely choose any vaccine for vaccination.
The public must complete the whole process of vaccination and cannot give up halfway.Otherwise, the best protection effect set by the vaccine will not be achieved, that is, preventing virus infection, preventing illness and preventing severe illness.
We can’t relax other public health prevention and control measures when we don’t reach the group immunity barrier among the people.. We haven’t reached the group immunization standard set by the state. After reaching the standard, the country will have corresponding new prevention and control guidelines.
When Xiao Hao was three years old, his mother found that his bones became more and more "hard": he couldn’t squat, his arms were difficult to bend, and he was accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly and heart reflux. Sadly, he was never diagnosed … …
After six years, Xiao Hao was finally diagnosed — — Suffering from mucopolysaccharide storage type ⅱ, thus, a family knows that there is such a rare disease in the world.
May 15th every year is the International Care Day for Mucopolysaccharide Storage. When children have symptoms such as rough face, stunted growth, thick joints, big head, "chicken breast", hepatosplenomegaly, abnormal heart and even mental retardation, they must be careful of Mucopolysaccharide Storage. Mucopolysaccharide, also known as glycosaminoglycan, is a macromolecular substance widely existing in human cells. Mucopolysaccharide is a big family. Your skin is white and tender, your joints are flexible, and your eyes are bright, which is closely related to the members of the "Mucopolysaccharide" family.
Although the mucopolysaccharide family is miraculous, there must be a premise that our cells can digest them normally, and the cells have specially prepared a "digestion workshop" — — Lysosome.
Lysosomes specialize in degrading foreign or endogenous biological macromolecules, such as lipids, glycogen and mucopolysaccharides, etc., and they can take this big job because of more than 60 enzymes contained in them.
More than 60 kinds of enzymes have their own functions, without any one of them, a specific biological macromolecule may not be degraded normally, thus being stored in lysosomes.
Lysosomes began to swell, eventually making cells bloated and abnormal, and indigestible macromolecules deposited in various organs of the body, and people’s symptoms became more and more obvious.
The reason of enzyme deficiency is often gene mutation. Mucopolysaccharide storage disease (MPS) is a congenital genetic and metabolic disease, which leads to the deposition of this kind of mucopolysaccharides because of the lack of enzymes that decompose the corresponding mucopolysaccharides.
According to the different enzymes, mucopolysaccharide storage disease can be divided into seven types and multiple subtypes.
Although there are many types, MPS patients have some basic characteristics: multiple organs in the whole body are affected, the development is delayed, and the condition is gradually aggravated; Short stature, rough face, big forehead protrusion, skeletal deformity, thick joints, claw-shaped hands, corneal opacity, otitis media, narrow respiratory tract, hepatosplenomegaly, heart disease, and serious cases will affect intellectual development.
There are differences between different types. For example, the majority of patients with type II are men, patients with type III show obvious mental retrogression, and patients with type IV concentrate on skeletal deformity. Similarly, the disease has brought a heavy burden to every patient’s family.
Most of the patients with mucopolysaccharide storage disease are children, and they are affectionately called "sticky babies" in China, because the symptoms of MPS are complex and rare, and there may be many undiagnosed MPS patients who are struggling to seek medical treatment in confusion.
At first, there was no specific treatment for MPS, and only symptomatic treatment could relieve the pain. In recent years, enzyme replacement therapy has become an effective treatment for some MPS. Simply put, it is "what enzyme is lacking".
In recent years, with the country’s increasing attention to rare disease groups, the research and development or introduction of drugs for rare diseases is accelerating. At present, MPSⅣA has become the first MPS therapeutic drug approved for marketing in China. Type I and type II drugs are also expected to be listed in China soon. Type III drugs are still under development; However, as far as the drugs on the market are concerned, they are expensive. Without medical insurance, ordinary families will face an unbearable situation.
If we can use specific drugs from an early age, Sticky Baby can enjoy a high-quality life like us. Even if they can’t take medicine, there are still many MPS patients who insist on going to school or work actively, playing their own part.
May 15th every year is the International Care Day for Mucopolysaccharidosis. The MPS family in trouble needs everyone’s attention and support. Let’s join these lovely "sticky babies" and hope that the day when medicine can be used will come soon!
Medical Guidance: Chief Physician Zhang Huiwen
Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine
Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Medicine
Shanghai Children Rare Disease Treatment Center
References:
[1] Zhang Huiwen, Wang Yu, Jun Ye, Qiu Wenjuan, Han Lianshu, Gao Xiaolan, Gu Xuefan. Common enzymatic classification of 47 cases of mucopolysaccharide storage disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 2009,47 (4): 276-280.
Shi Huiping. Case diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage disease [J]. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics, 1999,37 (1): 57-58.
Wu Xiru, Bao Xinhua. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of lysosomal storage disease [J]. Journal of Peking University (Medical Edition), 2005,37 (4): 440-444.
Tian Zhiqiang, Ji Shengli. Relationship between glycosaminoglycans and inflammation [J]. Chemistry of Life, 2005,25 (6): 485-487.
(Written by Hao Yu, Illustrator/Mai Chuan)