分类： hanzhen

　　On December 27th, the People’s Bank of China publicly solicited opinions on the Implementation Measures of the People’s Bank of China for the Protection of Financial Consumers’ Rights and Interests (Draft for Comment). The "Implementation Measures" specifically regulate the behavior norms of financial institutions, the protection of consumers’ financial information, and the settlement of financial consumption disputes.

　　What should financial institutions do?

　　Protection of consumers’ rights and interests should be included in the assessment.

　　The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should formulate the overall plan and specific work measures for the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests in their own institutions. Establish a full-time department or designate a lead department to protect the rights and interests of financial consumers, clarify the responsibilities of departments and personnel, and ensure that they have enough manpower and material resources to work independently.

　　Financial institutions shall carry out special training on the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests at least once a year.

　　When financial institutions carry out evaluation, they should take the protection of financial consumers’ rights and interests as an important content, rationally allocate the proportion and weight of relevant indicators, comprehensively consider business compliance, customer satisfaction, timely complaint handling rate and qualified rate, and not simply take the number of complaints as the evaluation index.

　　Relevant information shall be kept for at least three years after the termination of business relationship.

　　The "Implementation Measures" stipulate that when financial institutions disclose information on financial products and services, they should use a way that is conducive to the reception and understanding of financial consumers. The rules for the collection and use of consumer financial information should be made public, and the purpose, method and scope of the collection and use of consumer financial information should be clearly stated. For important information related to the immediate interests of financial consumers, such as interest rates, fees, benefits and risks, key technical terms should be explained according to the complexity and risk level of financial products and services, and financial consumers should be confirmed to have received complete information in an appropriate way.

　　When explaining important contents and disclosing risks to financial consumers, financial institutions shall keep relevant materials in accordance with laws, regulations and regulatory provisions, and the retention time shall not be less than three years from the date of termination of business relations. Where laws and administrative regulations provide otherwise, such provisions shall prevail. The retained materials include but are not limited to: product or service agreement confirmed by financial consumers, and risk warning letter confirmed by financial consumers; Record audio and video recordings or system logs and other related data messages that explain important contents to financial consumers.

　　What can’t financial institutions do?

　　Shall not handle business on behalf of financial consumers without authorization.

　　The Implementation Measures require that financial institutions should assess the suitability of financial products and services to financial consumers according to their characteristics, reasonably classify the risk levels of financial products and services and the risk tolerance levels of financial consumers, and provide appropriate financial products and services to appropriate financial consumers.

　　Financial institutions shall ensure the property safety of financial consumers when purchasing and using financial products and services according to law, and shall not illegally misappropriate or occupy financial consumers’ funds and other financial assets.

　　At the same time, we should respect the real wishes of financial consumers to buy financial products or services, and we should not arbitrarily act as agents for financial consumers to handle business, modify financial consumers’ business instructions, or force tying other products or services.

　　There must be no format clause.

　　Unfair and unreasonable regulations for consumers

　　Many consumers usually sign the format clauses of financial institutions without reading them clearly. In order to prevent the infringement of consumers’ legitimate rights and interests, the Implementation Measures require that when financial institutions provide financial products or services to financial consumers, they should draw financial consumers’ attention to the contents of financial products or services that are of great interest to financial consumers, such as the quantity, interest rate, expenses, time limit and method of performance, precautions and risk warning, and explain them according to the requirements of financial consumers. If the standard terms are in electronic form, they should be identifiable and easy to obtain.

　　At the same time, financial institutions shall not make provisions with the following five contents in the form of standard clauses, notices, statements, notices, etc.: (1) Reducing or exempting financial institutions from the liability for compensation for financial consumers’ property losses; (2) stipulating that financial consumers shall bear liquidated damages or damages exceeding the statutory limit; (3) Exclude or restrict the right of financial consumers to inquire, delete or modify their financial information according to law; (4) excluding or restricting the right of financial consumers to choose financial products or services provided by other financial institutions; (5) Other unfair and unreasonable provisions for financial consumers.

　　The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should promptly revise or clean up the format clauses and service agreement texts that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of financial consumers.

　　Promoting non-guaranteed products should not mislead people into believing that profits are guaranteed.

　　The "Implementation Measures" require that financial institutions should be responsible for the authenticity of marketing propaganda content. The actual obligations of financial institutions shall not be lower than the standards promised to financial consumers in the form of advertisements, materials or explanations in marketing and publicity activities.

　　Financial institutions shall not engage in the following five acts when conducting marketing and publicity activities: (1) false, fraudulent, concealed or misleading propaganda; (2) Exaggerated propaganda on performance or product income; (3) misleading financial consumers into thinking that the financial management department has provided a guarantee for the financial product or service by using the procedures of auditing or filing the financial product or service by the financial management department; (4) The marketing propaganda contents of non-guaranteed investment financial products mislead financial consumers into believing that the principal can be guaranteed to be safe or profitable; (five) other acts in violation of laws, regulations and regulatory provisions related to the protection of the rights and interests of financial consumers.

　　Shall not be forced to collect consumer financial information in disguise.

　　The Implementation Measures has a special chapter to regulate the protection of consumers’ financial information, including consumers’ personal identity information, property information, account information, credit information, financial transaction information and other information related to the purchase and use of financial products or services by specific consumers.

　　According to the "Implementation Measures", financial institutions should follow the principles of legality, legitimacy and necessity in collecting and using consumer financial information, with the express consent of financial consumers. Financial institutions shall not collect consumer financial information unrelated to their business, nor shall they collect information in an improper way, nor shall they collect consumer financial information in a disguised form.

　　Financial institutions shall not take the consent of financial consumers to the use of financial information for external provision as a prerequisite for establishing business relations with financial consumers, unless the nature of the business relationship requires prior consent.

　　Where a financial institution obtains the consent of consumers for the collection and use of financial information through standard clauses, it shall specify the purpose, method, content and scope of use of the collection in the clauses, and remind financial consumers of the possible consequences of the consent in a conspicuous way as easily as possible.

　　At the same time, financial institutions shall use consumer financial information in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations and the purposes agreed by both parties, and shall not use it beyond the scope.

　　Can’t "throw the pot" to the outsourcing service provider

　　The "Implementation Measures" stipulate that the obligation of financial institutions to protect consumers’ financial information security will not be transferred or reduced because of their cooperation with outsourcing service providers.

　　Financial institutions shall fully review and evaluate the ability of outsourcing service providers to protect consumers’ financial information, clarify the responsibilities and confidentiality obligations of outsourcing service providers to protect consumers’ financial information in relevant agreements, and take necessary measures to supervise outsourcing service providers to perform the above responsibilities and obligations. After the termination of the cooperative relationship, the financial institution shall supervise the outsourcing service provider to destroy the consumer financial information obtained from the financial institution in time.

　　Encourage financial institutions to transfer their financial information to other financial institutions designated by financial consumers on the premise of technical feasibility.

　　What if something goes wrong?

　　The "Implementation Measures" clarify that if there is a financial consumption dispute between financial consumers and financial institutions, they should first complain to the financial institutions. If a financial consumer does not accept the handling of complaints made by a financial institution, he may make a complaint through the branch of the People’s Bank of China where the financial institution has its domicile or where the business behavior takes place.

　　After receiving complaints from financial consumers, the branches of the People’s Bank of China can answer whether to accept them on the spot, and should answer them on the spot; If you can’t answer on the spot, you should make a decision on whether to accept it within 7 working days from the date of receiving the complaint; If the complainant needs to make corrections to the complaint application, he shall make a decision on whether to accept it within 7 working days from the date of completion of the correction. For complaints that are not accepted, the complainant shall be informed of the reasons for not accepting them. For the complaints received, the complaint shall be transferred to the complained financial institution for handling or to the financial consumer dispute mediation organization to provide mediation services within 5 working days from the date of receiving the decision.

　　The financial institution shall reply to the complainant within 15 working days from the date of receiving the complaint forwarded by the branch of the People’s Bank of China. If the situation is complicated, the handling period may be extended, and the complainant shall be informed of the reasons for the extension, but the longest handling period shall not exceed two months. (Reporter Cheng Wei)

　　High-tech Zone Park Mao

　　Zhengdong new area Haihui center

　　□ Planning and Coordination: An Wei Zhu Kun Executive: Dahebao Dahe Client Reporter Duan Weiduo Wen Wu Guoqiang Photography

　　[If you open the column]

　　Some people say that in the adult world, life is during the day and life is at night.

　　For example, in the watery night, it is easy to remove the disguise and fatigue, or have a drink with two or three friends, or take a walk with your wife and children, so that life can return to your true self. In this way, the night economy and night culture have survived forever and have been passed down to this day.

　　Recently, the Central Civilization Office issued a document. In order to cope with the impact of the epidemic, in this year’s national civilized city evaluation index, the occupation of roads, road markets and mobile vendors will not be listed as the evaluation contents of civilized cities, and the "stall economy" has triggered a hot discussion throughout the network; In the past few days, many places have issued policies to support the development of the night economy and the preservation of the fireworks at night.

　　What is the current situation of night economy development in various parts of Henan Province? What bottlenecks have you encountered in the development process? How to plan development in the future? Is the "stall economy" of the hot network a flash in the pan or can it really be standardized and developed into a new normal? From now on, Dahe Daily has launched a series of planning reports "Travel Notes at Night", which today presents a heavy nightlife visit in Zheng, Bian and Luo.

　　[Visiting the North City] While rolling around, the dog blows cool wind from Beilonghu.

　　Coordinates: Longhuli

　　"After a long time, I finally want to look up, and you will wait for me on the other side. You are still mine, mine and mine …"

　　On the evening of June 2nd, the last sunset glow in the sky glowed with yellow macaroon color, and the lights on Longhuli Commercial Street surrounded by Beilonghu and Dongfeng Canal were on. The young singer played the keyboard and sang Chen Li’s "Walking Horse".

　　With music as the boundary, there is a brightly lit open-air market to the north, and all kinds of colorful little things are placed in stalls of exquisite literature and art. Whether it is a traditional dough kneader or fairy wand in online celebrity, it is always more tempting in the night than in the daytime, and people can’t help but stop to read it. The high value and the price of civilians are easy for buy buy to buy if they are not careful.

　　Going south, there is a large open-air dining. After a busy day’s life, everyone gathered here from all directions, either because of friendship, or because of love, or even if it is still to maintain work, with a cool glass of beer, everyone unloaded the burden in the night. It’s a beautiful day to be able to slap a dog while stringing.

　　As the first commercial entity in Beilonghu area to enter the market and operate, Longhuli has set up a new way to open Zhengzhou nightlife to a certain extent.

　　"I don’t understand the darkness of night during the day! I heard that it is very good here, and I specially came to sit with my friends. " Mr. Zhao, a citizen, told Dahe Daily that the traditional open-air barbecue always seems to be associated with dirty mess, but Longhu not only retains the freedom and carefree of the traditional open-air barbecue, but also is relatively cleaner, which is very suitable for young people to get together. Surrounded by water system here, although you can’t see it, it seems that you can feel the cool wind blowing from the side of Beilong Lake when you sit down.

　　In addition to the relatively new overall planning, the department also arranged for a special person to clean up the garbage. A cleaning aunt told reporters that they should always keep the ground clean and tidy, and cleaning will not get off work until 1 am.

　　Liu Pengge, the chairman of Henan Longhuli Commercial Management Co., Ltd. said that Longhuli was opened to the outside world in units of stores, which was different from the collective opening of traditional businesses at a certain time. On December 8, 2018, Grain Rain Yun, Banqiu, TIMCHA, JHW and other stores opened one after another. Longhuli Commercial District covers an area of 46,000m2, and there are currently 28 shops in operation, including 5 investment brands and 23 self-operated brands.

　　[Visiting Dongcheng] Why do you walk at night? "I’m tired, I’m coming, I’m all right, I’m leaving."

　　Coordinates: Haihui Center

　　If Longhuli is an emerging petty bourgeoisie gathering place, then the Haihui Center, which opened in 2017, is relatively more mature in temperament. In addition to the traditional brand restaurants such as Haidilao and Starbucks, various distinctive light and luxurious bars may be the ultimate magic weapon to attract young people and gather people at night.

　　"I’m tired, I’m coming, I’m ready, I’m leaving", which is a slogan written on the wall in a bar in Haihui Center, which may explain why many people like to go out at night. Unlike traditional bars, which always sell wine by the dozen, and the price is quite high, these places focus on bar culture and catering characteristics, and the prices of various wines are very transparent. The special beers from France, Denmark, Germany, the United States, Britain and other places are placed in huge freezers, and consumers can choose by themselves. Together with two or three friends, they can taste beer from the three countries for less than 100 yuan.

　　The other one specializes in all kinds of craft beer. On the wall of the store or on the T-shirt of the waiter, their store advertised that "when the world panicked, only the fine wine was with me".

　　Beer can be Chinese and western, and it is a "perfect match" with spicy crayfish or steak.

　　"We are not drinking wine, but the night in Zhengzhou." A consumer said.

　　"Eating is not just eating, but a healing process." Another consumer said.

　　While the night was just right, three or five friends ate and chatted, and when they looked up, they saw a full moon in the sky. After eating and drinking enough, I left for a walk, only to find that a street singer was singing Jay Chou not far away, and I couldn’t help sitting on the steps for a while. At that moment, you might really feel how beautiful the night in Zhengzhou is.

　　[Visit Xicheng] Gaoxin Night Lane, the fashion version of the stall you want is coming!

　　Coordinates: Park Mau

　　As an old-fashioned night market in Zhengzhou, Jiankang Road Night Market has renewed its energy, and every night, it is full of fireworks. Recently, in order to respond to the call of Zhengzhou City to build a night economy and restore the market economy affected by the epidemic as soon as possible, the High-tech Zone Management Committee and Langyue Park Mao launched the activity of "Ximei High-tech High-tech Night Lane", which attracted many citizens.

　　The night market street is set in a square, where the main theme is trends, cultural creation and fashion. There are not many booths, but they are exquisite and very romantic after being decorated with lights.

　　In addition to the cultural and creative market, there are also many contents such as catering, street music, open-air movies and so on. Both adults and children can find their own fun.

　　In order to help merchants to resume business and economic recovery, the High-tech Zone Management Committee will also invest about 12.25 million yuan in fashion coupons and blessing bags to stimulate the night economic development of the High-tech Zone.

　　[Management] Enriching cultural activities at night is more active at night than during the day

　　Recently, the development of night economy has become a "hot word". From the national level to the Zhengzhou level, a series of policies have been issued to support the development of night economy. "Because of the epidemic, the catering industry has suffered an unprecedented severe test." Liu Pengge said, however, in an extraordinary period, there must be extraordinary efforts and attempts. For example, by increasing and optimizing the take-away service, forming a community to share food and joy, and providing safer and more secure delivery services, it has accumulated a reputation for the opening of the restaurant and the resumption of normal business. "For now, the activity in some business districts at night is higher than during the day. The domestic epidemic prevention and control situation is stable, and the arrival of summer has also enabled the activation of the night economy to have more positive climatic conditions and consumer psychology, and the passenger flow has obviously improved. "

　　[saying] to spread the economy, parity, fashion and characteristics can retain people better.

　　What is the current operation of the open-air market, also known as the "stall economy"?

　　During the reporter’s visit, I learned that many stall owners will give priority to small items that are cheap, fashionable, distinctive and valuable, such as headdresses, various cultural and creative products, mosquito repellent and umbrellas. In the process of shopping, people may "buy at will".

　　"Introducing cultural and creative brand businesses and promoting stall economy is one of the ways to build a landmark commercial night economy and cultivate a diversified new market for night consumption." Liu Pengge introduced that the summer night market will become the normal state of Longhuli block.

　　According to Huang Yongsheng, Commercial Manager of Gongyuan Mao, Gaoxin Night Lane has continuously attracted people from the Hi-tech Zone to experience food and participate in interaction since its opening. Only at the event site, the average daily passenger flow exceeded 20,000.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 6th (international observation) Crimes against the world are numerous — — The beginning of American military hegemony

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Si Zhu Ruiqing

　　"This country was established through a ruthless and soul-destroying war. Only by recognizing this can we understand the past and present of the United States. " Holger Hawke, a German historian, wrote in The Scar of America: The War of Independence and the Violent Gene of American Politics.

　　The history of the founding and development of the United States coincides with its historical pace of war and expansion. Since its independence for more than 240 years, the United States, with its colonial genes and imperial dreams, has evolved from a new political power in a corner of North America to a global military hegemony through continuous wars and military expansion, and has used hegemony to bully and bully.

　　Countless facts tell the world that America’s military hegemonic behavior of bullying and usurping power violates the general trend of peace and development, brings great catastrophe and endless harm to many countries, is the main source of world unrest and the biggest challenge that threatens the civilization and progress of human society.

　　"Destiny is Destined by Heaven": Spiritual Hypothesis Supporting Hegemony

　　The United States boasts itself as a "city on the top of a mountain", while Americans regard themselves as "God’s voters" and think that the United States is a country with a "destiny". For hundreds of years, Americans have given so-called "legitimacy" and "sanctity" to American military expansion and hegemony.

　　According to the report "The Origin, Reality and Harm of American Military Hegemony" issued by Xinhua News Agency’s national high-end think tank (referred to as the report), the United States relied on force to expand continuously, and used the US-Mexico War and the Spanish-American War to expand westward and seaward. After two world wars, it rose to become a global superpower and formed a dominant unipolar hegemony after the Cold War. In the process of the United States moving towards global military hegemony, the theory of "Destiny by Heaven" has always provided a mental hypothesis and an excuse for action for the United States to develop and consolidate its military hegemony, and has constantly influenced American policies and behaviors — — It is not only the basis and excuse of using military means to expand territory and violently persecute aborigines in American history, but also the ideological root of the United States’ struggle for world dominance, exporting values and foreign military intervention since the 20th century.

　　George Herring, an American diplomatic scholar, once pointed out that from expelling Native Americans, seizing one-third of Mexico’s territory, colonizing Filipinos and Puerto Ricans, and invading Iraq in 2003, "the United States ‘ Great mission ’ The understanding has been used to rationalize its military expansion. "

　　In addition, Americans are constantly trying to find a theoretical basis for their own expansion behavior. Social Darwinists in the United States say that countries, like nature, follow the law of the jungle and the survival of the fittest. Scholars of international relations put forward hegemonic stability theory, democratic peace theory and so on, advocating that the unipolar system of the world led by the United States can bring lasting peace.

　　The report holds that, in fact, these arguments can’t stand the test of history and reality. No matter how they are changed, they are all theories that defend and serve the military hegemony and interests of the United States, and their core reflects the imperial thoughts of the United States of belligerence, expansion, intervention and moral whitewash.

　　Soft and Hard: Various Means to Maintain Hegemony

　　"War has become an inseparable part of this country’s history. Rather than saying that the United States has been at war since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, it is better to say that the war itself created the United States. The war fought by the United States has made the United States today and will also shape the future United States. " French historian Thomas Rabineau described the "unbreakable" relationship between the United States and the war.

　　War and military action are the most direct means for the United States to maintain its military hegemony. In its more than 240-year history, the United States has not fought for less than 20 years, making it the most combative country in the history of the world. Through successive wars, the United States laid military bases covering the whole world as strategic anchor points to control the world, regarded Latin American and Caribbean countries as "backyards", controlled the geopolitical throats of Eurasia such as the Middle East, deployed troops to Africa, and controlled important resources and raw materials by military means.

　　According to a 2021 study by Quincy Institute of Governing the Country, an American think tank, at present, the United States has 750 military bases in 80 overseas countries and regions, almost three times the number of American embassies, consulates and missions abroad, and the annual operating cost may be as high as 55 billion US dollars. Since 2001 alone, overseas military bases have supported the United States in launching wars or military operations in at least 25 countries.

　　The report pointed out that in order to maintain global military hegemony, the United States not only directly controls it by launching or intervening in wars, laying a global network of military bases, but also indirectly controls it by building an alliance system and using rules and mechanisms.

　　Marked by the establishment of NATO in 1949, the United States began to build a military alliance, and then established bilateral alliances such as the United States, the Philippines, the United States and Japan, and the United States and South Korea, in an attempt to gain the overall military strength advantage through alliance so as to deter opponents and realize their own political and security interests. Nowadays, more and more countries find that the alliance system is actually a tool for the United States to maintain military hegemony, and as an "ally", it has to obey the will of the United States. As Sevim Dagdelen, a member of the German Bundestag, said, "What the United States wants is not an ally, but a loyal servant."

　　Various rules and mechanisms are another important means of stealth control in the United States, such as using laws and regulations such as the Export Management Regulations and the Arms Export Control Law to build a dual-use and military export control system; Establish legislation in specific areas such as the Atomic Energy Law; Establish or lead multilateral mechanisms such as Paris Coordinating Committee, Missile Technology Control Regime and Wassenaar Arrangement. The existence of these international rules and mechanisms essentially serves American security interests.

　　In recent years, Americans have also concocted the phrase "rules-based international order" to beautify packaging hegemonism. Alexander gusev, director of the Russian Institute of Strategic Planning and Forecasting, pointed out that the United States deliberately keeps the definition of "rules-based international order" vague, because the less specific these so-called "rules" are, the more it can "dress up" them at will. Once a country violates the will of the United States, the United States will accuse it of "violating the rules" and there is reason to punish it.

　　Endless harm: the disaster caused by the abuse of hegemony

　　"We can have a special national flag — — Our country can do the same: we can just keep our usual national flag, paint the white stripes black and replace the stars with skull symbols. " In 1901, Mark Twain, an American writer, wrote such words to condemn the imperialist behavior of the United States in waging war and bloody slaughter in the Philippines.

　　The chariots driven by American military hegemony have brought endless harm. The war to conquer Indians directly wiped out millions of Indian population; In the colonial war in the Philippines, 200,000 to 1 million Filipinos died; In the Korean War, more than 3 million civilians died; In the Vietnam War, 2 million civilians died; In the Iraq war, 200,000 to 250,000 civilians died … … According to the figures released this year by Brown University’s "War Cost" project, after the "September 11" incident, the United States launched wars or "anti-terrorist actions" in at least 85 countries around the world, which directly led to more than 940,000 deaths, including 432,000 civilians, and 38 million people were displaced or became refugees.

　　As Walter Russell Meade, an American scholar and professor at Bard College, said, "The United States is the most dangerous military force in the history of the world."

　　American military behavior in the world not only directly caused huge humanitarian disasters, but also brought a series of complex social problems including social unrest, refugee tide, psychological trauma, ecological crisis and so on.

　　For example, the US military left about 350,000 tons of explosive bombs and mines in Vietnam, and it is estimated that it will still take 300 years to completely remove them. From 2002 to 2016, there were at least 270 environmental pollution incidents at three US military bases in Okinawa, Japan, most of which were not notified to the Japanese government. In May, 2022, the US military base in Longshan, which South Korea is recovering, was seriously polluted by exposed soil and groundwater. The Ministry of Environment of South Korea found that the total petroleum hydrocarbons in the soil of the dormitory site in Nanyingqu of the base exceeded the standard by 29 times, and the carcinogens benzene and phenol in the groundwater exceeded the standard by 3.4 times and 2.8 times respectively.

　　According to the data released by the Watson Institute of International and Public Affairs of Brown University in 2019, since the global war on terrorism in 2001, the US military has produced 1.2 billion tons of greenhouse gases in the process of equipment and deployment, combat operations, weapons manufacturing, etc. "It is one of the largest greenhouse gas emitters in the world".

　　American military hegemonic behavior has brought disasters to all countries in the world, but also brought serious trauma to the United States itself. Rabineau pointed out in the book "American War Culture" that almost every generation in the United States has swallowed the evil consequences of the political, economic and social chaos caused by the war.

　　According to the data of Brown University’s "War Cost" project, more than 7,000 American soldiers and about 8,000 American defense contractors were killed in the war launched by the United States after the "9.11" incident. More than 30,000 American soldiers committed suicide, which is four times the number of people killed in the battle. The sky-high military expenditure invested by the United States to maintain military hegemony has also put an increasingly heavy burden on American nationals. After 2001, the war-related expenditure in the United States has exceeded 5.8 trillion US dollars. More importantly, America’s military hegemony and foreign war acts have bred and encouraged extremist forces and self-consumed, and the "9.11" incident is a typical case.

　　"It is for the United States to build a country in war, expand in war and dominate in war." The report writes that the military expansion of the United States continues today, and American military hegemonism is still bullying and destroying the world we live together.

Cyan is the color of spring. Whether it is "the moss marks are green on the upper steps, and the grass color is green in the curtain", or "the willows on the edge of the city are curled up, and the green mulberry is unfamiliar", or "Weicheng is facing the rain and the dust is light, and the guest house is green and the willow color is new", it describes this pleasing color in spring for us.

Because of this, in the traditional culture of China, cyan is "the color of everything". Among hundreds of traditional China colors, cyan has a special meaning for Chinese people. Tracing back to China people’s special liking for "turquoise" color, there is actually a track of the change of cyan culture meaning, which tells us that cyan may be the color code to interpret Chinese traditional culture.

-editor

Blue porcelain lotus bird lamp in Longquan kiln of Southern Song Dynasty

Cyan is the color symbol of China culture.

China’s folk aesthetic taste usually revolves around the core of "Happiness and Happiness". Folk culture attaches great importance to bright colors such as red, gold and green, especially likes colorful colors, and pursues auspiciousness, jubilation and peace. For example, Yangliuqing New Year pictures reflect this kind of folk aesthetic taste. This kind of aesthetics contains a good wish for secular life. But cyan is very different. It covers a wide range in chromatography, and the main part belongs to the physical property of cool color, giving people a quiet and indifferent psychological feeling, which is more regarded as a reflection of the spiritual level. It can be said that cyan contains the thoughts and feelings of China literati.

China’s cyan absorbs all kinds of environmental elements, and constantly changes its meaning. It is a special color that can arouse people’s association with the characteristics of Chinese civilization: it reflects the inclusive national characteristics, refracts China’s philosophy with Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism as the mainstream, and shows the implicit, tenacious and unobtrusive national character. She can show a broad aesthetic scale from simple to gorgeous, and can also trigger a visual feeling from light to calm, because she is not a single color, but a mixed color, sometimes with bright yellow, sometimes with warm red, sometimes with green, sometimes with blue, sometimes with purple, and sometimes with dark cyan.

The application of cyan in China has a history of more than 2,000 years. In China, people have a blue shadow in all aspects of national governance, production and life, religious opinions, artistic creation and spiritual pursuit. When we study cyan, we should not only study the chromatographic composition of cyan and the source of painting pigments, but also combine sociology, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, politics, economy, religion and art to explore comprehensively. The more you explore, the more profound the implication of cyan culture can be found. Therefore, it may be boldly speculated that cyan is an important color code to interpret Chinese traditional culture.

There are similarities and significant differences between colors in scientific sense and colors in cultural sense. The color in the cultural sense is more complex and the direction is more vague. When color is printed with traces of social and cultural patterns and endowed with unique thoughts and feelings of human beings, it becomes a cultural symbol.

After human beings form an intuitive color perception of objects, this color will have a psychological significance, which is very personalized and closely related to the viewer’s own experience, environment and culture. Niu Xiji, a poet in the Five Dynasties, said, "Remember the green dress and pity the grass everywhere." Because the author’s love object is a girl wearing a green dress, the two of them are just around the corner, and the lovers have repeatedly urged her to think of the grass color from the green dress and the green dress from the grass color. It’s endless, so don’t forget each other. This association about green is caused by the author’s personal experience. For others, green can’t be associated with a green dress. At this time, green is not a symbol. However, among the "red light stops and green light goes", red and green are used on traffic lights, which represents the universal meaning and becomes symbols. Therefore, this layer of semantics of color symbols must be associated by individuals, and then developed into a well-known social concept after grouping and recognition, and then a color culture that can be widely spread can be formed.

It is in the long historical changes that cyan has gradually become a symbol. The meaning of this symbol is constantly changing, and as time goes on, it moves from one consensus to another. Cyan has a vibrant masculine color from the initial symbol of the sky, the east, vegetation and spring, to the color of the queen’s spring sacrifice dress and wedding dress, and then to the color of the common people and the color of Buddhism and Taoism; In the drama, she became a traditional woman with traditional virtues but bumpy fate. In the eyes of Taoism, it has become a symbol of simplicity, and the change of cyan culture implication itself is a part of the history of Chinese cultural changes.

Part of the masterpiece of the Northern Song Dynasty turquoise landscape painting "Jiangshan Autumn Color Map Volume" collected by the Palace Museum.

China’s philosophical thought has made the implication of cyan culture unique.

China’s philosophical thought endows cyan with more meanings-cyan can reflect the noble feelings of the gentry, the Confucian rule of etiquette and the gentleman’s self-cultivation, the Buddhism’s understanding, the Taoism’s simplicity, and the metaphysical’s free and easy nature. It is beyond the worldly pursuit. Conversely, the influence of cyan on China people’s aesthetic taste is also immersion, which reflects China people’s deeper thinking about the spiritual world.

The process of incorporating cyan into official uniforms is influenced by Confucianism.

Confucius said, "Evil purple takes away Zhu, and evil Zheng Sheng’s chaos makes you happy." This is the most intense judgment on color made by the primitive Confucianism, and these judgments are all carried out under the framework of ceremony. A clear example of the concept of ritual color is the hierarchical differentiation reflected by the color of clothing. Among them, the process of cyan being incorporated into official uniforms is a process influenced by Confucianism. The regulation of the color style of official uniforms is the concrete embodiment of Confucian etiquette thought.

Influenced by the concept of etiquette color, Confucianism first determined the rank within the ruling class, and one of the important tasks was to make a fuss about official clothes, making color one of the key elements to distinguish ranks.

In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, "color-tasting clothes" appeared. In the Sui Dynasty, the colors of official clothes were red and cyan, and black, white and Huang San were no longer used, because black and white had become the colors of sacrificial clothes. After the Sui Dynasty, the colors of official uniforms were basically purple, scarlet, cyan and green, and cyan and green became the official uniforms of officials in lower positions.

Under the guidance of Confucianism, after the color grade of official uniforms was determined, although the color changed all the time, the practice that cyan was fixed as a color in the sequence of official uniforms lasted for more than 1000 years. Until the Qing Dynasty, cyan dominated other colors and officially became the color of all official uniforms, and the size of official ranks and civil and military positions were distinguished by patch patterns.

Metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties guided the aesthetic interest of celadon art.

Taoism took advantage of the collapse of the Han Empire and the crisis of the literati’s belief in Confucianism, which finally contributed to metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties. For a long time, metaphysics occupied the ideological position of the gentry. Metaphysics thought has played an important guiding role in China people’s artistic aesthetics.

The manufacture and use of celadon in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was the first peak of celadon art in the history of China, which formed an aesthetic tendency of "green, beautiful, spiritual and handsome" for celadon. The aesthetic thought of metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties has an important influence on the modeling of celadon.

The origin of azure porcelain is very early, which can be traced back to Shang Dynasty. During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, craftsmen built kilns with superb skills, the temperature in the kilns could reach 1200 degrees, and they knew how to add plant ash to the raw materials, which made the pottery have a blue glaze on the outside and became the original celadon.

The original firing level of celadon was not high, and during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, celadon had accumulated rich experience in the composition ratio of glaze raw materials and firing methods. Celadon became thin and transparent in glaze, with delicate and moist fetal quality, and its shape changed. The aesthetic thought of metaphysics in Wei and Jin dynasties is different from the aesthetic temperament of Qin and Han dynasties, but pursues natural beauty, purity and refinement, and pays attention to appreciation and pursuit of inner charm.

In their own temperament, the scholar-officials pursue elegant character, free and chic, elegant and strange temperament, hoping to convey their unconventional elegance, which also affects the "celadon" as a daily appliance.

In the aesthetic pursuit of literati in Wei and Jin Dynasties, "youth, beauty, spirit and beauty" are the ultimate pursuit of celadon. The light and elegant glaze color of celadon just meets the aesthetic standards of literati, that is, "natural beauty is the highest and ornate carving is the lowest".

The Wei-Jin fashion of drinking with Yue kiln celadon was also passed down. This romantic style in Wei and Jin Dynasties can also be verified by the poetry works of the literati in the Tang Dynasty, such as Lu Guimeng’s "The Secret Color Yueqi": "The autumn wind in September opened the kiln and won the green color of Qianfeng. I’m so happy to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, and I’ll share my cup with you. " It can be seen that in the Tang Dynasty, it was still the fashion for literati to drink with Yue kiln porcelain.

Buddhism and Taoism inject new meaning into cyan clothing and utensils.

After the Ming Dynasty, the color of Taoist uniforms became cyan. Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming Emperor, personally participated in the formulation of the clothing system in the Ming Dynasty, from the emperor’s nobles to the common people, monks and prostitutes. All the clothing was decided by Mao, and he was ordered to restore the clothing system like the Tang Dynasty, trying to overthrow the Hu customs of the Yuan Dynasty and restore the old appearance of China. In Volume XI of the Ming Dynasty Canon and History of the Ming Dynasty, the provisions on Taoist costumes are recorded: "Taoist priests always wear green clothes; French clothes and Korean clothes are all red; The Taoist official is the same. " That is, it is stipulated that the Taoist priest’s uniform needs to be cyan, so it is often said that "Tsing Yi Taoist priest" later.

The localized Buddhist thought is influenced by the Taoist culture in China, which in turn gives another meaning to cyan objects. In the decoration of celadon, there have been patterns such as Buddha statue, flying sky and lotus flower since the late Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, especially the lotus flower pattern, which reflects the extensive use of Buddhist symbols. For example, the "Lotus Zun" porcelain unearthed from the Liang Dynasty Tomb in Linshan, Nanjing has a solemn shape, with seven layers of lotus petals from top to bottom, just like a blooming violet, which reflects the important influence of Buddhism on celadon art. From the artifacts, it can be seen that cyan has been infiltrated by Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and metaphysics in Wei and Jin Dynasties for a long time, and has begun to represent the metaphysical pursuit. For example, it embodies the courtesy of Confucianism, the cultivation of gentlemen, the emptiness of Buddhism, the nature of Taoism, and the free and easy of metaphysics.

Buddhism and Taoism have also made great contributions to the Chinese vocabulary of Qing characters, leaving a large number of words with special meanings, such as Qing Niu, Qing Luan, Qing Cheng, Qing Deng, Qing Yan and Qing Lian.

Part of Wang Ximeng’s "A Thousand Miles of Rivers and Mountains" in Northern Song Dynasty

Chinese vocabulary reflects the changing track of cyan meaning.

Cyan, which is composed of words of cyan, no longer represents the original color meaning of the word, but is deeply embedded in Chinese culture, which has a subtle influence on the cultural meaning of cyan.

"Tsing Yi", from Tianzi’s fine clothes to the bottom dress.

The mention of "Tsing Yi" always gives people a sense of solemnity, calmness, mystery, lowliness and suffering. In the role of Peking Opera, Tsing Yi is a "bitter COP", who dares to love and hate generally and resolutely fights against fate.

In fact, the original meaning of Tsing Yi has nothing to do with humble suffering. The word "Tsing Yi" appeared as early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, but it is not the meaning we commonly use now. In the Book of Rites and the Moon Order more than 2,000 years ago, it was clearly recorded that there were three times of "Tsing Yi", such as "The Moon of Meng Chun, the sun was in the camp. ….. The son of heaven lives in the left of Qingyang, taking Luan Road, driving black dragon, carrying the green flag, wearing Tsing Yi and serving Cang Yu. " "Tsing Yi" is the dress of the son of heaven in spring. The Book of Rites records that the five colors correspond to the five elements, and they wear different colors in different seasons. Tianzi wears Tsing Yi in spring, Zhu Yi in summer, white in autumn and black in winter.

And baiguan can only wear tsing yi when the emperor gives him a gift. For example, the Book of Rites in the History of the East View records that "on the day when Emperor Zhang was lucky and worried about beginning of spring, all the officials in Kyoto were dressed in Tsing Yi, and all the history was served by Qing Yi." It means following the day when the son of heaven beginning of spring traveled, and officials can wear Tsing Yi.

With the changes of the times, the status of the wearer in Tsing Yi has also begun to change. From the emperor’s spring clothes, sacred and solemn sacrificial clothes, to the court clothes, low-grade official clothes, and then to the clothes colors of scholars and people, it has undergone a major change.

In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Tsing Yi had already referred to the lower-ranking figures. Cai Yong wrote a famous poem "Qing Yi Fu", which described a woman with outstanding appearance, virtuous and dignified like a meticulous painting, and entrusted her love for a maid from humble origins in Qing Yi. Fu wrote her appearance "looking forward to Qian Shuli, white teeth and moths." The mysterious light is moist, and the collar is like a clam. Vertical and horizontal hair extension, leaves such as low sunflower. Slender Ran Ran, it is amazing. " It’s absolutely beautiful. Then write about her dress, "Yi Sleeve Dan Dress, Creeping on the Silk Leaf", which shows that although she is called "Tsing Yi", she is wearing a red dress-Yi Sleeve Dan Dress. This shows that the word "Tsing Yi" refers to her status. Cai Yong praised her elegant manners, and concluded that she was "a good wife and a good teacher". However, the author can’t develop this relationship, because this woman’s identity is really humble.

During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the court stipulated that the colors worn by the people were green, blue and white. The evidence can be seen in the "Yuan Jian Lei Han" that "the foot soldiers are not green, blue and white; There is no green, blue or white in the color of the handmaid. " During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao wrote in "A Letter with Taiwei Yang Biao": "There are two people who care about Tsing Yi, and they are always around." Tsing Yi here refers to serving the left and right handmaids.

The reason why blue clothes are often worn by the lower class people lies in their cheapness. At that time, among the plant dyes used to dye cloth, cyan was the most easily available. Because a plant dyed green "blue grass" is suitable for both southern and northern growth, it is easy to collect. Using "blue grass" to dye cloth clothes is easy to color and low in cost. The so-called "shine on you is better than blue" refers to the fabric dyed with this "blue grass".

In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, due to the emergence of new drama forms such as Yuan Zaju, Huangmei Opera and Peking Opera, "Tsing Yi" began to be synonymous with the role of Zhengdan in traditional Chinese opera, and gradually became a proper noun. In China’s classical operas, Tsing Yi is one of the traditional operas. The southern operas are called Zhengdan and the northern operas are called Tsing Yi.

Typical Tsing Yi has Yu Ji in Farewell My Concubine, Qin Xianglian in My Fair Case and Wang Baochuan in Wujiapo. In these plays, the women are all unlucky, but they dare to fight and decide their own destiny. All these Tsing Yi women have the traditional virtues of China women and have a great spirit of sacrifice. The virtues of these women are recognized and appreciated by the patriarchal society. Tsing Yi, therefore, has a solemn image of justice.

Look, on the stage of drama, it’s amazing that one color can define the basic fate of a character. It has become an important factor of drama performance to highlight the characteristics of the role with the color of clothing. Among them, cyan is an important color symbol with typical symbolic significance.

Although the cyan of Tianzi’s spring suit is not necessarily the same color as the cyan of the maid or the Dan Jiao, they are all called Tsing Yi, because cyan is a mixed color. The cultural implication of cyan has indeed changed dramatically because of the change of the object referred to by the word Tsing Yi.

The Tsing Yi role played by Peking Opera actor Zhang Huoding.

"Hair", from silk thread or rope to female hair.

"Blue hair and white hair" describes the fleeting youth. However, "moss" originally refers to rope, not hair.

The earliest poem with "moss" should be Yuefu poem. There are "moss as a cage, cassia twig as a cage hook" in Yuefu Poetry Collection, and "Jiao Zhongqing’s wife" in Yuefu Poetry Collection, there are "sixty or seventy box curtains, green green moss ropes" and "three million yuan, all of which are worn with moss". The "blue hair" in these two places is not the black hair we refer to now, but the blue silk thread or rope.

In the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Sui and Tang Dynasties, "green silk" once referred to the reins of horses. In many poets’ works, the expression of "moss" refers to the bridle of a horse. For example, the Tang Dynasty poet Du Fu’s poem "Going Out to the Front" contains "Take off the bridle and pick the moss in your hand", among which the "moss" in the rider’s hand is the bridle. Li Bai, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in the Yuefu poem "Mo Shang Sang": "The beauty is Wei Qiaodong, and the silkworm is still working in spring. Five Ma Rufei dragons, green silk tied with gold. " The "hair" here also refers to the bridle, not the hair of a beautiful woman.

Since the Tang Dynasty, "Qingsi" has been famous all over the world with Li Bai’s wonderful pen as a metaphor for black hair. China literati often use the image of "green hair and white hair" when they lament that youth is fleeting, fame is hard to achieve, and ambition is hard to pay. Li Bai lamented in "Coming into Wine": "You don’t see how lovely locks in bright mirrors in high chambers, though silken-black at morning, have changed by night to snow." This famous sentence, which has been handed down through the ages, makes "moss" a symbol of youth. At that time, "hair" did not refer to women’s hair, but was more often referred to as young men by poets. The reason why "green silk" refers to women’s hair in modern times is probably because men’s hair is really too short to be called "silk".

"Green" and "blue" have gradually become symbols of ancient China literati.

Originally, the blue only means that the color of the clothes is cyan, while the blue refers to the blue collar. Gradually, "Qing" and "Qing" became more common names for ancient scholars in China, and sometimes they referred to relegated officials.

The color and style of clothes have the function of flaunting social status, so the pattern characteristics or color characteristics of clothes are often used to refer to a certain group of people. Judging people by their appearances is a common social problem, and it has also been one of the dimensions for people to judge success since ancient times.

Green fern, the clothes worn by students in ancient times. It first appeared in the Book of Songs: "The green lady is leisurely in my heart." Because students in the Zhou Dynasty often wore blue clothes, the word "green" was also used to refer to students born in imperial academy in the Zhou Dynasty.

In the Northern Qi, Sui, Tang and Song Dynasties, students’ uniforms were usually cyan, which was later called "blue" as a synonym for scholars. However, there are still some differences in meaning between "green" and "blue". In poetry and prose, "Qing" emphasizes the status of a scholar, while "Qing" often refers to officials who have been demoted or frustrated in their official career.

In the Tang Dynasty, the most famous poem containing the word "blue" was Bai Juyi’s Pipa Xing: "but who of them all was crying the most?? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeve was wet. " The "blue shirt" here means that the poet is a frustrated official, rather than emphasizing that he is a scholar. In Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi’s "The Portrait of Du Fu" described Du Fu, a poor and down-and-out official in Tang Dynasty. Su Shi’s "Gu Tou Qu" includes "The blue shirt is not popular with tourists, and the red tea is filled with Cao Gang Shou", and it also quotes the allusions of Bai Juyi’s "Pipa Xing", which makes it a "blue shirt".

Author: Bao Yan (Vice President of Chinese Poetry Society)

Editor: Fan Xin

Planning: Fan Xin

Nanning Cloud-Nanning News Network News (Reporter Du Jiahui/photo video) After two days of fierce competition, on December 6, the China-ASEAN International Badminton Open officially came to an end in the gymnasium of Guangxi Sports Center in Nanning, Guangxi.

China Extremely Rabbit Li Yongbo International Badminton Club entered the second stage with the first place in the group stage. In the second stage, China Extreme Rabbit Li Yongbo International Badminton Club beat Malaysian SEBC Badminton Club 3:1, and Thailand FYC Badminton Club beat Philippine PHNT Badminton Club 3:0.

In the end, China Extreme Rabbit Li Yongbo International Badminton Club defeated Thailand FYC Badminton Club 3:1, successfully won the championship and won the Greentown Cup; FYC Badminton Club of Thailand is the runner-up of China-ASEAN International Badminton Open; Malaysia SEBC Badminton Club won the third place in the competition.

The success of the China-ASEAN International Badminton Open has further deepened the sports exchanges and cooperation between China and ASEAN countries, demonstrated the status and influence of Nanning as a hub city of China-ASEAN exchanges to the world, greatly enhanced the international influence of Nanning for ASEAN cooperation, effectively promoted the development of badminton in Nanning, and injected sports vitality into Nanning’s economic and social development.

Since the beginning of this year, there have been many sports events in Nanning, such as China-ASEAN International Canoeing Open, Guangxi Road Cycling World Tour (Nanning Station) and the first National Student (Youth) Games. The 2023 Nanning ·LYB Li Yongbo Global Amateur Badminton Championship and a series of supporting activities to commemorate the 66th anniversary of Comrade Mao Zedong’s winter swimming in Yongjiang—the 2024 Nanning winter swimming in Yongjiang will also start in the near future.

Editor: Qin Fengni

Editor on duty: Huang Deng

(Author: Du Jiahui)

Xinhua News Agency, Hangzhou, October 3 (Reporter Lin Guangyao, Liu Bo) On the 3rd, the baseball event of the Hangzhou Asian Games ended in round robin, and the China team beat the Japanese team 1-0, and advanced to the semi-finals with a three-game winning streak in the group stage.

In the opening game, China made a good start. Liang Pei and Li Ning ran to the third and second bases respectively, posing a threat to their opponents. The Japanese team, under the tight defense of China team, had three batters out successively. The two sides drew 0-0 in the first game.

In the second game, Cao Jiean hit the base and successfully ran to the third base through Lu Yun’s hit and Yang Jin’s sacrifice touch. After that, when the bases were full, Liang Pei’s hit created a scoring opportunity. Cao Jie successfully scored the base run, and China led 1-0.

Since then, the battle between the two sides was deadlocked. Finally, relying on a key strike out and a wonderful double kill, China kept the score of 1:0 to the end, and Lectra beat the Japanese team and entered the super round with the first place in Group A. This is also the first time that China defeated the Japanese team in the history of the Asian Games.

"Everyone played their best tonight, especially Liang Pei, whose hit helped us win the most crucial point. The performance of several pitchers in our team is also very beautiful. They throw every ball well and help the team maintain its advantage to the end. " After the game, China team player Li Ning said in an interview.

"Thanks to the cheers of the audience, their cheers and applause gave us great encouragement." Li Ning said: "This is a historic breakthrough for us and a good start. Next, we will go all out to play every game."

In other matches of the day, China Taipei beat China Hongkong 15-0, South Korea beat Thailand 17-0, and the Philippines beat Laos 7-0.

China, China Taipei, Japan and South Korea advanced to the semi-finals after the group single round. China will play China Taipei in the Super Round which starts on October 5th.

Source: Xinhua News Agency